Chii chinonzi dzigare mairi zvinyorwa muna Baghdad? Makore okurarama uye rondedzero chinhu

Storage of Manuscripts muna Baghdad, kunonziwo "Imba Uchenjeri." sangano iri rakaumbwa pano mumazuva vakawanda vezvitendero Eastern mangwanani - Islam, asi akazosvika haana refu kudaro. Pakutanga, masayendisiti pano kubva kunyika dzakasiyana, uyo aigona kuratidza kuti Baghdad, vamwe ruzivo mumunda nesayenzi. Vakasiya pano zvavo vaita, izvo dzakatorwa mumabhuku uye anongoremberera-mashizha mamwe okuchengetera. Paiitwa hondo dzose dzakarwiwa pakati masimba panguva iyoyo, ndicho chikuru pfuma ruzivo rakaparadzwa, uye vose zvekare, kunyora nevafungi akandwe rwaTigirisi.

prehistory

Muzana rechi8 remakore, Abbasid hwedzinza akapidigura mutongo nenguva iri Umayyads, aitonga munyika Mesopotamia. Capital simba panguva iyoyo raiva guta Mecca, iyo yainzi utiziro hweMuporofita Muhammad nevateveri vake vose. The simba idzva, kwangopera kukunda, akatamira guta guru kuna Baghdad, uye kuti kubvira guta rakatanga kukura tichizviona. Huru Chinangwa chaiva kuti Abbasids kweBaghdad "New Alexandria". Nekuti pano vakatanga kuuya yavo zvose pamusoro Europe uye Asia, mabasa akasiyana-siyana vazivi, masayendisiti, mathematicians uye vatsvakurudzi. Saka yakaumbwa kuti dzigare mairi zvinyorwa muna Baghdad, izvo kwenguva yakati ine nyore yakatarwa Mipumburu inosanganisira yematehwe mutsa, wakavhomorwa dzakasiyana-siyana mumitauro, kusanganisira vakafa.

Yokutanga matanho systematize

Muvambi "Imba Uchenjeri", iro mumutauro waamai rinonzi "Bayt al-Hikma", nyaya al-Ma'mun, uyo, chaizvoizvo wechokwadi, uye akakunda guta kweBaghdad. In kwokupotera ruzivo zvose, iye vakaripira akanakisisa masayendisiti neMesopotamiya vashanduri vaishanda ipapo masikati nousiku. Ivo neminwe zvekare, rakanyorwa nevazivi uye mathematicians kubva kuIndia, Greece, Italy, uye Spain. Dzimwe nguva yasvika munzvimbo vakanyoresa zvakasikwa nokuda ufuza vanhu Northern Europe. Basa ravo kushandurira mashoko aya kupinda Arabic, ravakanga dzakakunda sowakajeka. Saka Al-Mamun akazviratidza raibhurari yaiva zivo vanhu yakabudirira nyika panguva iyoyo.

Development of House Uchenjeri

Somugumisiro, kunakidza bazi sayenzi panguva iyoyo yakanga masvomhu uye zvose nokubatira kunobva nayo vanoranga - nezvenyeredzi, metaphysics, kemisitiri, nezvimwewo, nokuti House Uchenjeri vaishanda pasi pokudzora yakanakisisa pamasvomhu - .. Al-Khwarizmi, uyo akatungamirira uye poduchival zvimwe connoisseurs zvose . Sezvo vose masayendisiti vakatanga kushanda pamwe chete, kuti dzigare mairi zvinyorwa muna Baghdad ikava chaiyo tsvakurudzo centre. Paiva hwokurara Masvomhu itsva, akaberekwa itsva hukuru uye zvitarisiko. Vanodzidza nezvenyeredzi akazarura zvakawanda mikana pashure vawana nemarudzi akasiyana ruzivo vakanga kuenzaniswa.

Pahwaro chii nebudiriro Arab masayendisiti dzakavakwa?

Mumwe kodhekisi, rikawira House reUchenjeri, akava nyaya kunyatsodzidza nokuda navaArabhu. Vakanga zvikurukuru akavimba mabasa akadai vakakurumbira dzenhoroondo vanyori sezvo Diophantus wokuAlexandria, Aristotle, Euclid, Ptolemy, Hippocrates, Dioscorides, Galen nevamwe. Nebudiriro okutanga mana masayendisiti nevazivi kwakaita navaArabhu kuti achikwakuka huru masvomhu uye zvenyeredzi. Vakanga akavaka logarithms uye algebraic kukarukureta gadziriro, siyana geometric maitirwo ezvinhu uye zvokuimba kuti pakuverenga munzvimbo uye mavhoriyamu. Uyewo, chiri musayendisiti Arab ndiye kuwanikwa somunhu kunoita - munhu akarongeka uye geometric. Mune ramangwana, inobva ruzivo uye ruzivo wakaitwa pano masvomhu dzakatangira Europe yatinoshandisa ikozvino. Kana okupedzisira matatu vakachenjera yekare, inobva zvakawanwa mushonga wavo mutsva Arab yakazokudziridzwa.

Kubudirira mumunda nyeredzi

Dzigare mairi zvinyorwa muna Baghdad rave kuva itsva nzvimbo Observatory. The riwedzere chidzidzo kwemiviri yokudenga kuva zivo yekare, uye masayendisiti Indian avo vakaisa mberi pfungwa yokuti Earth ane kufanana ayo uye meridians. Zviri weChicago kweBaghdad, vaongorori Arab kushanda muchadenga mabasa aya, kuedza chakaitwa kuyera kureba ane arc 1 dhigirii Meridian. Chiitiko chacho chaiva kubudirira, sezvo Masvomhu zvose zvaiva zvechokwadi.

Kuparadzwa House Uchenjeri

Mongol-Tatar joko, kwakaitika muzana remakore rechi13, hakuna akaponesa neMesopotamiya. Muna 1258, February 12, dzemo dzigare mairi mukuru zvinyorwa raparadzwa zvachose hondo vachitungamirirwa Hulagu Khan. Vakawanda masayendisiti vaishanda pano vakaurayiwa, vamwe vakasungwa, mumwe munhu akakwanisa kutiza, akatora vamwe zvekare avo vaivapo. Vose vakaurawa mumaoko ari veropa eMongolia, vakanga kana kupiswa kana rikanyuramo mumvura rwaTigirisi. Pane dzidziso kuti mamwe masayendisiti, uyo akakwanisa kutiza Baghdad panguva, vakagara Istanbul, iyo yave kukwanisa kushandisa ruzivo rwavo uye kuvapa upenyu hutsva.