Chii chakanga Russia iri pakati XIX remakore? Pfupiso ye "Anocherechedza imwe Hunter"

Ini uchatanga nyaya yangu pamusoro kunoshamisa vanatenzi shoko, akaberekwa Russian nyika, pamwe chete chiitiko kunooneka. The chiitiko, izvo iye kufara uye kuonga kurangarira kanopfuura kamwe. By Ivanu Sergeevichu Turgenevu panguva diki kuchiteshi akavingwa nyanzvi dzokugadzira vaduku vaviri uye zvakanaka pamusoro, ichokwadi avanosangana muvambi "Notes ane Hunter". Kunzwa mhinduro kutsigira, vose vakakotama kwaari muchiuno, achiti kuti ndiye - uta vanhu Russian (pakati - kuguma XVIII remakore kuziva pfupiso "Notes ane Hunter" akanga chiratidzo chakanaka kuravira). ini, mudikani vaverengi Tenda, kuti kwakanga kusiri kuita vechidiki. Raiva kuratidzwa hwakarongwa pachake basa munyori ari abolition pakati serfdom.

Ngativhurei kuti bhuku noruzhinji. Pakutanga, tinoona: iri tenzi pamwero kunyora - nhetembo mu prose - vaiva vanhu vaviri chete: Gogol uye Turgenev. Kundizivisa pfupiso "Anocherechedza ane Hunter" vanofanira kutanga enhetembo anokunyengedzera Turgenev Nyaya "Polecat uye Kalinych". Its pfungwa huru - kune Inter-vanhu vakaderera ushamwari vanhu vaviri - naJehovha uye serf, munhu zvichibvira, zvichida, chete Russia. Calm, akayera pfungwa muridzi polecat Nyatsobatanidzwai kuzadzikiswa mupfungwa Kalinych.

The protagonist pamusoro Turgenev, fastening pamwe rwiyo "netsamba ..." - murudo rwake duku musha chinoziva muridzi wenyika Oryol province. Nokuda mufambi nenzira chizvarwa chernozems uye expounds Turgenev "Anocherechedza imwe Hunter". zviri nyaya ine zviso zhinji: rwomuvhimi yakanzwa vakomana wakakubudisai mabhiza usiku ( "Bezhin wemarudzi"), ipapo zvinyoronyoro rinotiudza anobaya mwoyo zvavo rwiyo ( "Singers"), siya chakavanzika - of chinoziva munhu anogona kunzi nyika hana yake yaakaberekerwa nezvaMwari nemudzungairi Kasyanov Beautiful Minondo.

Turgenev akasika saka uri-hwakakwana uye tsvarakadenga, mifananidzo chaiwo vanhuwo zvavo, zviduku bourgeoisie, vanhuwo zvavo, kuti inowira kudanana navo dzakateerera muverengi, asi panguva imwe chete, "Notes ane Hunter" vari bhuku wechokwadi uye lyrical pamusoro vanhu Russian pezana XIX remakore. Landlordism akanga chikuru muchimiro kurima. Zvisinei, ano Ivan Sergeyevich landlords vari zvavo imperious aikwanisa uye nevakwegura, unhu iri kure nokuva Catherine wamambo ( "Raspberry Water"). Mukuronga pfupiso "Anocherechedza ane Hunter," tinogona kutaura kuti serfdom iri XIX remakore, munhu vaneta kwazvo. Hapana zvakawanda kuti kukura, mudzimba landlords dzichengete varanda vavo vaiita arraignment uye kurangwa.

Serfs, akavapindurawo, havana kodzero. Vanogona nyore kukuvara, kuti kufara, havagoni kusvika pamwero wakakodzera dzokurasa pachavo uye hwavo. Hazvishamisi akaremara muvanhu, kutsausa vanhu varanda, serfs kunyimwa vazhinji nevamwe. Tariro upenyu Kazhinji vashandi wapera kusvikira madhakwa, kunyepa, usimbe. Kazhinji, anochengeta chose imba yakanga kuisa pamafudzi vakadzi, apo varume vakanwa. Zvino upenyu anova sokusingatsungiririki, yakatanga benzi uye utsinye ropa nemhirizhonga. zita yepakutanga "anogogodza!" Munyori akapa mumwe mabasa ake. Pfungwa nengozi ane panova chisimba nzanga pfupi nhoroondo kugutsikana. "Anocherechedza ane Hunter", sezvo vakanga ideologically muchidimbu pashure ndeyokufananidzira nyaya "Mumu": simba mbeveve vanhu tinongoita achichengeta pedo, dzenhando vatenzi.

Turgenev Nyaya kutenderera (pakupedzisira rakabudiswa muna 1852) vakaita basa rinokosha iri kusunungurwa miduku yokuruwa. Regai titsanangure wokupedzisira pfungwa (mushure zvose, isu kare munoziva pfupiso ye "Notes ane Hunter"). Vabayiwa lyric, Ivan Sergeyevich, hapana mubvunzo kuziva kwake basa kuti vanhu. Kunyange zvazvo Turgenev haana kwazvo, mutauro dzichiruma rwakaoma, pokufumura duku pfungwa Varidzi, zviduku vadzvinyiriri, asi utsinye, yakamanikana kufunga, tsika kusauka landlords Zverkov, Stegunova, Penochkin akaratidza zvizere. Akashandisa chombo zvikuru simba - dzinoshungurudza, mweya-kusatarisa chokwadi. The pamusoro yakatevedzana nyaya, sezvinoratidzwa Chronicle, akaita mwoyo kupfuura imwe nguva kuriverenga yokuRussia Emperor Alexander II. Sezvaunoziva, vanhu pachavo kuonga akadana mambo uyu wakaparadza serfdom, ari somununuri.