Gustav Meyrink: Biography, okugadzira zvinhu, kwadzakabva mabasa

Mumwe wevanyori inozivikanwa kwazvo kwezana XIX-XX emakore - Gustav Meyrink. Expressionist uye mushanduri uyo akagamuchira yose pamutemo nemhaka yokufungidzira "Golem". Vanotsvakurudza ruzivo vakawanda hunzi nayo mumwe Bestseller remakore rechi20 rokutanga.

Uduku uye kuyaruka

Munyori mukuru ramangwana akaberekwa muVienna muna 1868. baba vake Minister Carl of Hemmingen akaroorwa mutambi Mary Meyer, nei akaberekwa mubvandiripo Gustav. Zviya, Meyer - zita rake chairo, ainziwo Meyrink Akatora gare gare.

Biographers dzinoti inonakidza oudzame: asi expressionist munyori akaberekwa January 19, iwoyo sezvo akakurumbira American munyori-husinganzwisisiki, American Edgar Allan Poe. Munhoroondo mabhuku munyika yavo, Ivo vakaita saizvozvo basa.

Childhood Gustav Meyrink akanga naamai vake. Semunhu Actress, akanga kazhinji munzira, saka achiri muduku akanga akapedzerwa kugara hwokufambira. Kudzidza anouya mumaguta akawanda - Hamburg, Munich, Prague. Vatsvakurudzi Meyrink vanoti vake noukama mai vakanga tonhorera. Ndokusaka, maererano zhinji mabhuku vatsoropodzi, saka dzakakurumbira vaiva nemadhimoni hadzi vatambi mubasa rake.

Prague kumwedzi

Muna 1883 Meyrink akasvika kuPrague. Pano iye kudzidza kubva Academy of Trade uye aiva bhenga basa. Muguta rino, Gustav Meyrink makumi emakore maviri, kakawanda inoratidza naye pamabasa ake. Prague harisi chete mamiriro pake, asi mumwe mukuru vacho enganonyorwa akawanda, akadai "The Golem," "Walpurgis Night", "Mutumwa West Window".

Pano mumwe kiyi zviitiko muupenyu munyori, akacherechedza biographers. Details nezvazvo anogona kudzidza kubva nyaya "The Pilot", rakabudiswa pashure pokufa kwake. Muna 1892 Meyrink aiedza kuzviuraya, kusangana yakadzika pakunamata dambudziko. Akakwira pamusoro petafura, akanhonga chivhorovhoro uye akanga ava kuda kupfura, mumwe akaverevedza pasi pamukova zvishoma bhuku - "Life pashure Death". Kubva kuedza kusiya upenyu akanga panguva akaramba. Kazhinji, usingaonekwi madimbu kwainge guru basa hwake uye mabasa.

Meyrink kufarira kudzidza theosophy, kabbalah, usingaonekwi dzidziso East, aiita yoga. The yokupedzisira zvakamubatsira kutsungirira mune zvokunamata kwete chete, asiwo yokubatwa. Writer zvose ake upenyu aitambura musana marwadzo.

rwezvemabhengi

Muna 1889, Gustav Meyrink zvakakomba paaivatambudza mari. Pamwe chete neshamwari, muKristu Morgenstern akavamba kubhengi "Mayer uye Morgenstern." Pakutanga, zvinhu vakaenda pamukwidza, asi munyori mubasa rwezvemabhengi basa harisi kukuomerai, kubhadhara yakawanda upenyu rokunyika dandy.

On Nezvekwakabva munyori akataura kakawanda, nekuda ichi, iye kunyange vakarwa duel mumwe mukuru. Muna 1892 akaroora akapotsa pakarepo mwoyo muwanano, asi kurambana chete muna 1905 pamusana pamutemo sokunonoka nokutsungirira wake.

Chokwadi chokuti rwezvemabhengi hwapedyo zvikuru kwazvo zvakaipa, zvakava pachena muna 1902, apo Meyrink akaunza nyaya kuti kushandiswa mweya wamasvikiro uye uroyi panguva rwezvemabhengi kushandiswa. Akapedza anenge 3 months mujeri. Mhosva vakaziva makuhwa, asi iyi ichiri inokanganisa basa rake zvemari.

Mukutanga mabhuku basa

Meyrink unyanzvi basa rakatanga muna 1903 duku satirical nyaya. Nechekare vaiva kuoneka kufarira zvitendwa. Panguva iyi, Gustav ari kushingaira pamwe Prague chiNazi romanticism. Muchirimo akasunungura bhuku rake rokutanga "Hot varume nedzimwe ngano", uye pave paya muunganidzwa ngano pfupi "Orchid. Strange nyaya".

Muna 1905, anoswedera kuroorana yechipiri - pamwe Filominoy Bernt. Vanofamba, vanotanga kubudisa magazini satirical. Muna 1908 anouya rechitatu muunganidzwa nyaya pfupi - "Wax". Mabhuku basa haagoni zvokudya imwe mhuri, saka Meyrink akatanga kudzidza shanduro. Kwenguva pfupi akakwanisa kushandura 5 vhoriyamu Charles Dickens. Translation Meyrink avimbiswa kusvikira pakuguma kwoupenyu, kusanganisira kuteerera zvikuru zvouroyi magwaro.

The nganonyorwa "The Golem"

Muna 1915 akabudisa yakakurumbira yokufungidzira nomunyori - "Golem". Meyrink pakarepo anogamuchira kubwinya European. At chinoumba chigadzirwa ngano yacho rabhi wechiJudha akasika ivhu chikara uye rarama nayo kushandisa kabbalistskih magwaro.

The chiito anotora nzvimbo muPrague. The narrator, ane zita inoramba isingazivikanwi, zvimwe awana ngowani womumwe Athanasius shiri. Shure kwaizvozvo, gamba anotanga kuona hope vatorwa, sokunge ari shiri chaizvo. Ari kuedza kuwana muridzi heti. Pakupedzisira, anodzidza kuti matombo ichi uye muraramisi, uyo akararama makore mazhinji apfuura muPrague, muna cram chechiJudha.

The nganonyorwa rakanga rakabudirira munyika yose, achisiya zvinyorwa kuti nguva riparadzirwe makopi 100 zviuru. The kukurumbira pakati chigadzirwa haana kudzivisa kunyange First World War, iyo yakatanga panguva iyoyo, uye kuti mabasa havasi nekurumbidza chombo, apo muAustria-Hungary haana kunakidzwa kubudirira.

German kuti Russian "Golem" rinoshandurwa inozivikanwa mushanduri Soviet David Vygodskii mu 20-30s.

Zvisinei budiriro wekutanga mukuru vaipa zvinobatsira Meyrink kwaizotevera enganonyorwa,, makopi guru kudaro, havachisiri akabudiswa. "Chiso Green" rakabudiswa nokuwanda 40 000 makopi.

Kubudirira mune mumafirimu

Mushure kusunungurwa yokufungidzira "The Golem" vava nevakawanda kwadzakabva pamusoro Meyrink mabhuku. Wokutanga nyaya vakatamira guru chidzitiro ane German firimu Director Paul Wegener muna 1915. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti pamwe yokufungidzira Meyrink rinobatanidza navo chete pakutanga nengano. Kunyange zvazvo isina rakatonga kuti bhuku rino rakafuridzirwa firimu. Basa raakaita Golem Wegener. Somugumisiro, iye akasika munhu trilogy pamusoro yevhu murume. Muna 1917, kupenda "The Golem uye Dancer," uye muna 1920 "The Golem: How Akauya munyika." Zvinosuruvarisa, firimu rokutanga chairo ichiri kunzi vakarasika. It akachengetedzwa chete anenge 4 maminitsi maawa chinovhara nguva. Asi nemhaka Wegener Golem akava kucherechedzwa cinematic nzira.

Meyrink firimu kwadzakabva mabhuku regai kugumira ipapo. Muna 1936 muCzechoslovakia, anouya firimu "The Golem." Meyrink akarumbidza basa aitungamirirwa Julien Duvivier. Muna 1967, vanenge chaizvoizvo munhu yokufungidzira filmed mukuru French Jean Kershborn. Muna 1979, kuti nyaya imwe chete rinopindura Polish cinematographer Piotr Szulkin.

"Green chiso" uye "Walpurgis Night"

In pekufa kubudirira kubva pane mabasa mashoma munyori, sezvo Gustav Meyrink, "Green chiso" uye "Walpurgis Night". In wechitatu itsva iri yeAustria impressionist chiito zvakare kutora nzvimbo muPrague, panguva World War First. "Walpurgis Night" rakanyorwa nenzira zvokufananidzira chimiro, zvakare yakawanda zvitendwa, esotericism. Author anoseka yeAustria burghers namachinda.

In nechepakati nyaya dziri mbiri mbiri pazvinhu. Imperial Life medic pamwe tenzikadzi wake, pfambi vakanga vapinda urombo, uye musikana muimbi Ottakar anoda muzukuru of Countess Záhradky, ane mwanakomana asiri wepamutemo iye.

Huru chiito anotora nzvimbo Walpurgis Night, apo, maererano nengano, asisiri kushandisa zvavaisiita mitemo, mukova ajar pakati yedu nyika uye inotevera. With dimikira iri Gustav Meyrink, ane Biography hunonyatsobatana kuti World War Chokutanga, unoedza kutsanangura kutyisa hondo uye hurumende kuuya.

Mugumo - hondo reropa sokunge vakaburuka mifananidzo chenguva yacho Hussite hondo. Vatsvakurudzi akazotevera vaiona "Walpurgis Night" sechinhu mhando yambiro. Chokwadi chokuti chaizvo rimwe gore gare gare muPrague kwakaitika kutaura rudzi, utsinye chaizvo hondo wavarindi.

MuRussia, "Walpurgis Night" akava akakurumbira kare 20s. Nyanzvi chaiko Vazhinji kunyange kudavira kuti Archibald Archibaldovich pakati Romana Bulgakova "Tenzi uye Margarita", mutungamiriri muresitorendi Griboyedov imba, vakakopa Mr. Bzdinke, muridzi tavern "Green Frog" kubva Meyrink.

enganonyorwa Meyrink

Muna 1921 Meyrink rinobudisa kuti yokufungidzira "White Dominican" haana kugamuchira kubudirira kwakapararira pakati kuruzhinji, uye muna 1927 akasunungura ekupedzisira chikuru basa rake - "The Angel the West Window". Pakutanga, vatsoropodzi vakamuitira coldly, shanduro Russian akaonekwa chete muna 1992, nemhaka Vladimir Kryukov.

The nganonyorwa kunoitika kakawanda akaturikidzana nezvahunonyatsoreva. Pamberi pedu Vienna 1920. The nechepakati rondedzero hunhu - muteveri uye wedzinza Dzhona Di, muupenyu Welsh musayendisiti uye alchemist yacho XVI remakore. Maoko ake kuwa nziyo tateguru. kuverenga kwavo inopedziswa nemashoko zviitiko zvinokosha muupenyu protagonist pachavo. Zvose izvi yokufananidzira uye akafanana Biography pamusoro Dzhona Di.

In nganonyorwa iyi vanotungamirirwa mabhuku Russian. Vamwe magamba shure kune vatambi vose Dostoevsky uye Andrew White.

Signs Meyrink Style

Features Meyrink Style zvakanaka kurondwa ne matsva yokufungidzira ake. At payo alchemical chiratidzo muchato chitsvene. Pane zvinhu zviviri - mukono nehadzi, vanoda zvakare kuva chete chairema iri huru hunhu. Zvose izvi ndizvo nowenyika dzidziso Carl Jung kwakaita psychoanalytical dudziro alchemical Chirevo. In chigadzirwa chipo mune vakawanda nezvemafuta alchemy, Kabbalah uye dzidziso tantric.

emunyori rufu

Gustav Meyrink, izvo mabhuku dzakakurumbira kure, vakashaya pazera makore 64. rufu rwake hunonyatsobatana dambudziko mwanakomana Fortunatus. Winter 1932 mukomana ane makore 24 okuberekwa akakuvara apo Skiing, uye vakawana upenyu muwiricheya. Jaya vasingagoni kutakura ichi uye akauraya pachake. Panguva iyoyo zera, apo aiedza kuita baba vake, asi Meyrink-vakura zvino kuponeswa inoshamisa kabhuku.

Writer akararama mwanakomana wake anenge 6 mwedzi. December 4, 1932, akafa pakarepo. Zvino duku Bavarian taundi Starnberg. Akavigwa pedyo mwanakomana wake. Paguva Meyrink kuisa chena dombo repamusoro ane chinyorwa chiLatin vivo, izvo zvinoreva kuti "kurarama".

In Russia Meyrink yagara wairambidza, kunyanya panguva yaitonga Soviet Union. Pashure pokuwa kweSoviet Union vazhinji mabasa ake kunge akashandurirwa Russian uye akabudiswa.