Chii chakaitwa nezera rezera rekare? Kuverenga kwepenheni

Mari yekubhadhara inopiwa kune vagari vanobva pane zvakadai sekuremara, kukwegura uye kurasikirwa kwevabereki. Mari yepera yekare inobhadharwa maererano nekubudirira kweimwe nguva isiri kushanda. Kazhinji tiri kutaura nezvevakadzi vane makore 55 uye varume makumi matanhatu nemakore. Asi mapoka chaiwo evanhu vanogara vane kodzero yekuwana mubhadharo vasati vava kukwegura. Tichazonzwisisa zvinorehwa nemakore ekukwegura.

Kuwedzera muzera rekurega basa

Kune vagari vanoshanda muhurumende, kutanga kubva musi waJanuary 1, 2017, pane kuwedzera kwezera rekurega basa, izvo hazvina kufadza vazhinji vashumiri vehurumende vari kusvika pedestal kuti vapedze basa ravo. Mukuwedzera, gore roga roga, mazwi aya achawedzera nezvikamu zviviri, kusvika kune makumi matanhatu nemakumi matanhatu nemakumi matanhatu nemakore makumi manomwe nemakumi matanhatu nekuda kwevakadzi nevarume, maererano.

Maererano nenyaya dzemutemo, vanhu vane ruzivo rwemakore gumi nemashanu vane mukana wekugamuchira mari yekare .

Pension coefficient

Zvinotarisirwa panguva imwe chete ndeyekuvapo kwekoji yepenjeni inobva pachirongwa chekuyera, pamwe chete kwete pasi pemakumi matatu (kubva muna 2025). Kukosha kweiyoyiyo yakagadzirwa kubva kumativi maviri:

• Mupiro wePensheni Fund nemushandirwi, pamhizha iyo iyo mubhadhari akaita mabasa ake;
• Zvose urefu hwebasa.

Zvose zvikamu zvegore rino ndeye 8.26. Mune ramangwana, muhuwandu hwema2021, ichawedzera ne 1.74, ndiko kuti, ichasvika kusvika 10. Izvi ndizvo zvakaitwa nehombera yezera rekuRussia .

Zviratidzo zvekurasikirwa kwevakadzi

Vakadzi vane kodzero imwechete yekurega basa rekusununguka, sezvinoita vanhu. Chokutanga pane zvose, yakabatana nemamiriro ezvinhu asingabatsiri kushanda, uyewo nebasa munzvimbo dzine dambudziko rakaoma. Mukuwedzera, kune zvimwe zvikonzero zvekugarisana, nhengo dzevakadzi dzinotora mapurisa uye dzinogamuchira mabhonasi anokurudzira nenzira yeperesenti. Iko kune zvimwe zvakasiyana, pazera ripi uye nekuda kwezvikonzero zvipi mukadzi angasimuka kunze kwemakore makumi mashanu. Ngationei kuti mari yegore rekare yevakadzi inosanganiswa neiyi:

1. Pazera remakore makumi maviri nemashanu kubva kune makumi mashanu, maererano nemutemo, vanhukadzi vanogona kugamuchira penheji, vane ruzivo rwemakore manomwe nemashanu kubva pane basa rakaoma, pasi pevhu, nemabasa asina kunaka ekushanda.
2. Muzera remakore kusvika kumakore makumi mana, ane hurema, maererano nekukuvadzwa panguva yekuita basa rehondo kana nekunonoka kuona nezvimwe zvirwere zvakagamuchirwa kubasa.

Chinhu chinonakidza ndechekuti vakadzi vanoshanda muFar North, vane ruzivo rwemakore gumi nemashanu, vanopedza basa pamakore makumi mashanu. Uye vakadzi vane nzvimbo inogarwa kugara munzvimbo dzose zvinokuvadza kuhutano, avo vakashanda kwemakore anodarika makumi maviri uye vane hurumende yemuvhimi, mubati wehove, kusanganisira retener herding, anosimuka pazera remakore makumi maviri nemashanu.

Uyewo, zvepabonde rakanaka rine kodzero yekuzorora zvakakwana pamakore ekusvika makore makumi mashanu, ichipa hupenyu nekurera 5 kana kupfuura vana kusvika kune makore masere. Asi iwe unoverenga sei penheni yevakadzi? Pamberi pezera rezera remakore rekare rine:

• Fixed payments;
• The accumulative part;
• Inishuwarenzi yePension Fund.

Fixed payments

Fixed payments ndeye hurumende yakagadziriswa, isiri-kuchinja mari yakawanda yakagamuchirwa nevanhu vakasvika kune vakwegura. Rudzi urwu rwepenjeni rinogona kugadziriswa zvichienderana nezvimwe zviratidzo:

• Age category;
• Nhamba yevanhu vari muhomwe;
• Nzvimbo yekugara;
• Kuremara.

Semuenzaniso wekuenzanisira, tinogona kuenzanisa ukuru hwepenhenji nekuremekedza zvikwangwani zvataurwa pamusoro apa. Nokudaro, vazhinji vepenjeni vanowana mari yakatarwa muhuwandu hwe 4 558.93 rubles. Vagari vati vasvika makore makumi masere kana vane chiremera chekuremara - 9 117.86 rubles. Vanhu vanogoverwa nevanenge vanomiririra mumwe vanogamuchira 6 078.57 rubles.

Inishuwarenzi penheji

Imwe nzira yekuverenga pensions yevanhu vakwegura ndeyeupenshu yepensheni. Mumakore ose ekushanda weimwe vagari vanogara panzvimbo yebhizimisi yehurumende, mushandi wake anopa chikwereti kune Pension Fund.

Izvi zvikamu zvinotarirwa kubva kune chikamu chemubhadharo wepamutemo uye, zvakare, kutora maitiro ehumwe humwe huwandu hwemashoko, zvichienderana nehurefu hwebasa, nguva yekusarura uye ukuru hwemari. Pakati pevhesi, imwe yenhamba yakadaro ndeye 74.27 rubles. Ko mari yezera rekare ichave yakadini?

Muenzaniso kuverenga

Somuenzaniso, kana zvakakosha kuverenga mutengo wepenjeni weimwe vagari vane mubhadharo we 30,000 rubles pamwedzi:

1. Mubayiro wegore rimwe: 30 000 x 12 mwedzi = 360 000 rubles.
2. Pamutengo we 22% wehuwandu hwemaripo emishandiro yveshuwarenzi: 360 000 x 22% = 7 920 000 rubles, iyo 57 600 inotungamirirwa kune penishuwarensi penheyo yeanenge ye16%.
3. Somugumisiro, tinogamuchira: 57 600 rubles / 127 360 rubles (muyero wemipiro kubva pamutengo wegore rose muRussian Federation ye 2016) = 0.45 x 10 = 4.5 mapeji.
4. Iyi yakawanda yehukodha inodhindwa nemutengo we 30,000 rubles. Pfungwa dzinofanira kuendeswa kumari: 4.5 x 74.27 (yakawanda imwe pfungwa nhasi) = 334.215 rubles.

Zvinonyanya kukosha kuti huwandu hwenhu hwakadaro hushoma. Izvi zvinoreva, kana iye zvino mupenjeri aiva mamiriyoni munguva yakapfuura, izvi hazvirevi kuti nyika inofanira kuenda kubhadhara, ichipa iyo kuwedzera kwekuwedzera kwepensheni. Kuti uwane ruzivo, muna 2025 zvingave zvichikwanisa kugamuchira kusvika pamapfumbamwe, kunze kwe739 uye 7.83 mapeji muna 2015 ne2016, zvichienderana.

Kubatanidza penheji

Rudzi rwechitatu rwehumbera hwepfudzi ndeyebhadhiro yepensheni. Iyi nzira yekutsaurira mari kune vakwegura vakaremara vagari vomunyika yedu inowanzoita mwedzi woga woga kupa mari yehupfumi muupenyu hwose. Mipiro yemishuwarenzi inoumbwa nekuda kwekutsvaga kwevashandirwi muPensheni Fund uye kupiwa kwevashandi vanofarira kubva muchiyero ichi.

Inofanira kusimbiswa kuti mari inobhadharwa mari inobhadharwa kune vagari venyika kubva muna 1967 kuberekwa uye vose avo vari vaduku. Asi hazvisi zvose zviri nyore. Vagari vari munharaunda iyi, asi vasina kupedzisa zvose zvakanyorwa zvakasati zvapera kwegore ra2015, havana kukodzera kuwana rudzi urwu rwemari yepenjeni.

Kunyora nezvekare-penhe pensions

Kunyatsorondedzera inowedzera kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwehutano hwemagariro evanhu, zvichibva pamutengo wevatengi kune zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana uye mabasa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti pane kugadziriswa kwekupihwa kwemipiro yepensheni. Icho chinonyanya kukosha chaicho ndechokuti semugumisiro wekuwedzera kwezvinhu, mari yezvinhu zvakakosha zvakagadzirwa nemishandira (zvikurukuru masangano ehurumende) kwehupenyu-rubatsiro runowedzera zvakanyanya. Kutenda kunoratidziro, vanhu vakaremara venyika, iyo iri kuchengetedzwa kwehurumende, havanzwi sechinhu chisina kukwana, asiwo haisi kuwana upfumi. Izvi zvinogona kunzi zvakanaka, zvichida nekuda kwekuti zvinhu zvose zvinoramba zvakasimba. Uye rini penhembera yepera yakawedzera ?

Zuva rakagadziriswa, zuva rakananga rekutarisa pensions uye mamwe mararamiro emagariro evanhu haako. Munhu wese anofarira ane kodzero yekushandisa kune zvigaro zvehurumende ane masimba mumatambudziko aya uye kubvunza mibvunzo yese yekufarira, mushure mokusimudza mutengo wemakambani eboka guru rezvinhu zvakakosha zvikuru. Zvisinei, pane zviitiko apo hurumende inoziva kuti iyo inoratidzirwa yebhadharo yepenjeni.

Makore ekuverengwa kwepenheni

Paunenge uchiverenga huwandu hwepensheni, ruzivo rwebasa rinotorwa munyaya , kubva muna 2002. Zvose zveruzivo rwemutemo wezvino zakatorwa kubva pakuverengwa kwe 2016. Hapana ruzivo rutsva mukugadzira chero humwe hutsva muna 2017, saka hapana chakakosha.

Nokudaro, kutora senheyo nguva yakatarwa nguva, zvakakosha kuti iite maverengi nenzira iyi: mari inowanikwa inofanira kugoverwa nemutengo weimwe pfungwa, iyo inotarirwa kuti indexation ichaitika mugore idzva, zvichienderana nekuwedzera kwezveruzhinji yemitengo yevatengi vemakambani makuru emidziyo ye 2016.

Zvose izvi zvinowanikwa pasi pesimba rehurumende mushure mekunge ichi chinoratidzwa. Somugumisiro, mari yakawanda yemipiro yepensheni inopiwa. Tinotarisira, ikozvino iwe unonzwisisa zvinorehwa nezera rekare remakore.

Kupfupisa zvese pamusoro apa, zvakakosha kuwedzera kuti avo vanowana penheji vane kodzero yakazara yekuzvisarudzira pachavo pamwedzi 60 yebasa ravo kubva munaJanuary 1, 2002. Chip chikonzero ndechekuti hazvina basa, basa redu rakagamuchirwa munguva dzeSoviet Union kana yeRussia yemazuva ano. Zvose zviyero zvinoitwa nenzira yakafanana.

Nekufamba kwemazuva, mitemo mitsva pakuverengwa kwepensheni ichagadzirwa, uye kuchinja mumitemo yekuverenga inogoneka, iyo iyo yepera yezera rekare inosanganisira.