Chii Bologna Process. The Bologna Process: musimboti, iyo Implementation uye kukura muRussia

The Bologna kwacho dzidzo ino ari Russian Federation - nyaya iyo hanya zvinofanira zvikaedza nemaonero nhoroondo inotungamirwa, kugadzwa uye kukura dzidzo yepamusoro kunze hurumende. Kunyanya, kuguma remakore rechimakumi maviri yainyanya kusarudza kuti reRussia National dzidzo hurongwa, sezvo pane kuchinja dzimwe nhanho dzose inoumbwa nguva chikoro panguva iyi.

Contact pfungwa reEurope uye Russian dzidzo

Reformation muitiro chaizvo dzinongoitika uye kutarisirwa, sezvo kuvandudzika zvematongerwo, upfumi uye nzanga mabhora woupenyu ehurumende aifanira kutungamirira kuti kugadzirisa uye vamwe vari mudenderedzwa paruzhinji ukama. Matanho zvinokosha pakutanga vaifanira yakaitika muna kugutsikana uye yakarongeka chikamu, kwete chete pane pfungwa chechetere. Sezvingatarisirwa, kuchinja kuitika uye vakabatsira kuti mazuvaano vebasa ezvinhu kumayunivhesiti, uyewo kuchinja kuMudzidzisi mutemo.

Mumazana nezvokuvapo uye kukura Russia sezvo rakabatana simba ano European yedzidzo muenzaniso wakanaka. Nokuti kokutanga mashandiro kuti kushanda dzidzo zvekutepfenyura munyika the Old World zvinoratidzwa mudzimba muzvikoro dzidzo yepamusoro pakati pezana remakore rechi18. Izvi zvinogona kutsanangura kakawanda kuratidzwa tsika mu Africa Russian, yaingowanikwa zvikoro European. Kufanana kunoratidzwa muna marongerwo uye kukura yokurera, uye zviri basa.

Huge basa nekushandura dzidzo ezvinhu wakapata mutsva yokumwe mitemo rikurumidze. Bologna rokudzidzisa kosi kutora uye izvo Russia rave kwemakore akawanda, neHurumende hanya, ivo vakanzwisisa masimba akura European somunhu akakodzera akaenzana naye.

Yezwi kuvandudza uye kubuda ari Bologna maitiro

With pokuwa USSR uye yokuRussia hurumende yezwi pamusika upfumi utariri chiito kuitira kuti epamba uye yavatorwa kudiwa nomudonzvo nenyanzvi vakadzidziswa vava kushingaira uye kutamira kune pakagadzwa private kumayunivhesiti. Chete nenzira iyi national hurongwa dzidzo yepamusorosoro aizokwanisa kukwikwidzana nevamwe dzakawanda kumusika mabasa edzidzo chakarondedzera.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti Bologna kwacho Russia iri kushanda husisina kumira National dzidzo hurongwa. Asati achibudisa mumwe mashandiro rokudzidzisa kune European hurongwa akatarisa zvakasiyana zvachose. Kuti ave nechokwadi unhu yekosi dzidzo munyika mvumo neHurumende nemitemo rokudzidzisa pakutanga wokutanga uye ipapo chizvarwa yechipiri. Kuti asimbise Standardization ichi eutungamiri munyika inokurukura nokuumba nzvimbo nevakawanda dzidzo wakanyatsojeka uye yokuenzana magwaro ari dzidzo neavo vemamwe dzakabudirira.

Pamusoro harmonization pakati mavakirwo European dzidzo hurongwa

Bologna rokudzidzisa muitiro yakatanga chidzoke zvakawanda kubva May 1998. Ipapo Sorbonne zvakanzi akasaina multilateral chibvumirano "Pazuva harmonization pakati mavakirwo European dzidzo hurongwa." Declaration vakazochinja vakatanga kufunga accession kuna Bologna chibvumirano, akatora vashumiri French, muUK, Italy uye Germany. Her basa raiva rokusika uye kukudziridza rworudyi zvirongwa chinobudirira pakukura mugango-European muenzaniso dzidzo. Chinokosha zvinhu chibvumirano ichi chaiva cyclical hunhu wedzidzo, kushandisa chikwereti-modular hurongwa.

Agreement muna Bologna

Process (Bologna akadanwa nokuda kusaina of runoenzanirana chibvumirano yaiva Bologna) kuti pave dzidzo idzva European akanga zvainanga kuita uye kubatanidzwa nomumwe vakaparadzana gadziriro dzidzo mumwe mamiriro rose nzvimbo dzidzo yepamusorosoro. Musi, randakapiwa Countdown kuti danho rinokosha ichi munhoroondo dzidzo, maererano June 19, 1999. Pazuva iroro, vamiririri bhora redzidzo uye vashumiri anopfuura 20 inoti European vakabvuma kusaina chibvumirano, mazita Bologna Declaration. 29 nhengo - nyika of Bologna Process - akasiya kuzarura chibvumirano, uye zvino "European yepamusoro Area" angabatana nemamwe anoti.

Musumo of Bologna kwacho kuRussia

Sezvambotaurwa, ezvinhu post-Soviet Russia rokudzidzisa akanga zvakaipisisa vanoda kugadziriswa. Panguva yezwi kuzvimirira mamiriro nedzidzo yepamusorosoro haasisina kusangana kuitika zvinodiwa, ayo kukura haisi kuonekwa kunyange zviduku mutauri. Hazvina zvakazara kushandisa zvingakwanisa mupfumi womukati chengetedza. Nekushandura bhora ichi kwakabatsira kubvisa nyika dzematongerwe enyika totalitarianism Soviet kuzozivisa kupinda vanhu kuri kuwedzera munyika hwoutongi.

Bologna chibvumirano chasainwa Russia muna 2003, aibvumirwa kupinda Russian mamiriro mugomba chete European yepamusoro dzidzo nzvimbo. Hazvishamisi kuti pakatanga zvinodiwa European mumunda nesayenzi uye nokudzidzisa tsvimbo nyika yakakamurwa kuva mapoka maviri. Paivawo vavengi uye vatsigiri itsva nzvimbo, asi, panzvimbo ino, kuchinja uye runoenzanirana transformations kuitika nhasi. The Bologna urongwa dzidzo iri kuramba kukura kupinda National yedzidzo.

Nguva ine zvimwe zvokudya rokuzivisa nemasaini Bologna, kubatsira kuenderera vavakezve Russian yedzidzo kuti:

• ugondivigira maererano European paruzhinji hurongwa dzidzo yepamusorosoro;
• kwakavandudzwa Accessibility, mukurumbira uye democratic mumayunivhesiti pakati vomunzvimbo;
• kuwedzera makwikwi pakati vakapedza kudzidza dzakakwirira masangano dzidzo Russia uye pamwero wavo kunodzidziswa.

Kuchinja rokutanga hurongwa dzidzo yepamusorosoro

Bologna mutoo muRussia makore mashoma kushanda yakabatsira kuzadzisa zvinokosha zvabuda. The chikuru chakanakira ino ndiko:

• Higher Education mapazi yakavakwa maererano nemitemo European, chikuru basa riri kutanga kufamba nevadzidzi netarisiro basa;
• It runovimbisa makwikwi nechimwe yepamusoro dzidzo sangano iri kutamburira kuti anyorese, mamiriro mari tichienzanisa nedzimwe gadziriro dzidzo;
• Africa rusununguko nezvebasa rinokosha nechepakati vanovengwa mutakuri kodzero voruzhinji kuziva mukufamba kusimudzira tsika dzavanhu Europe.

Mukuwedzera, mumakore achangopfuura hatina zvikuru akasimbisa magetsi akaenda kunze zvishoma nezvishoma kukunda rokumusoro nezvenzvimbo zvedzidzo, dzesayenzi, zviripo uye European socio-tsika upenyu, apo hurongwa of Bologna kwacho kunoita kuti mukurumbira yunivhesiti nerimwe.

Preparation Russia vachatevedzera Bologna Process

Panguva iyoyo, nhamba States kuti vava Bologna Declaration, richikura. Nhasi, ari Implementation of Bologna muitiro - idambudziko kanenge 50 mazhinji kunyika dziri kuEurope. Zvisinei, zvinokosha anoteerera rokutanga pfungwa mazuvaano dzidzo Russian. Gwaro iri, wakagadzirwa reBazi Redzidzo, akanga aifarirwa wokuRussia Hurumende State Council. Ndakazviita gwaro iri kusvikira 2010.

Pfungwa chinhu chinokosha kutungamirirwa simba zvematongerwo enyika mune dzidzo, pasinei nokuti haana ane zvishoma runyerekupe pamusoro Bologna Declaration, kana mumwe chero gwaro kwacho. Zvichakadai, achienzanisa muMagwaro pfungwa uye zvokudya zviri Bologna muitiro, kuwana nouchapupu kusiyana haangavi nyore.

Sezvo akaonga dzidzo yepamusoro muna Bologna kwacho Concept pakati yakasimbisa kukosha vachiziva kuti dzidzo kunokosha chakaita kukura azvino chechetere hwenyika uye munzanga marongerwo. Kutaura zvazviri, mudziyo akadaro anogona chaizvo kukwikwidzana nevamwe hurongwa wokumwe rokudzidzisa.

Description of Concept

Kunyange zvazvo vachiziva kuti Russian dzidzo hurongwa Kukwanisa kukwikwidzana akura kunyika sechivako dzidzo, Concept rinotaura kudiwa iri broadest rutsigiro kubva muvanhu, uyewo socio-zvoupfumi mutemo, kudzoka zvakakodzera nenhanho basa wenyika, ayo basa rinokosha rokudzidzisa bhora.

Drafting Pfungwa mazuvaano Russian dzidzo yepamusoro kuti rava regadziriro Danho iri muitiro kubatana wokuRussia mamiriro muna Bologna ino. Pasinei chokwadi kuti kunyange zvazvo zvakanga zvisiri chinhu chikuru chinangwa gwaro, akanga vamwe mavambo accession munyika itsva nzira rokudzidzisa bhora. Pakati zvinokosha zvivako, vakatarisana misoro kuMudzidzisi madhipatimendi, zvinokosha kutaura kuva muenzaniso yeUnited ehurumende mitemo dzidzo uye zvinodiwa mumatunhu "Bachelor", "Tenzi", chokuita chakarondedzera hwokugadzira uye kwesayenzi unyanzvi.

In tichienzanisa nyika akasaina Bologna chibvumirano muna 1999, Russia aiva kupfuura zvakanaka nzvimbo pachavo. Achitaura zvinyorwa Bologna kwacho chete pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi21, Russia akava kare mukana kuongorora zvakaitika nyika dzokuEurope. Mukuwedzera, dzinokosha kudzidza, kubatsirana hurongwa uye kuongorora mashandiro ari Implementation acho akanga refu makasimbiswa uye kunyange muedzo nzendo.

Join panhengo yepamusoro nyika kuna Bologna dzidzo mamiriro Russia chakakurudzira zvinodiwa yakakodzera nomazviri nechivimbo makwikwi pamwe European, akarayira kuti "automatism" hurongwa edzidzo.

zvakanaka kuchinja

Nokuda kupinda Russia muNyika European nzvimbo rokudzidzisa, mudzimba kudzidza kugamuchira zvitupa kubva bachelors, unyanzvi uye vanatenzi. All nyika yose Bologna muitiro magwaro akadai vanonzi rimwe mharidzo, achisimbisa risiti dzidzo yepamusoro, kusanganisira Diploma kutsivira nevamwe reEurope uye UNESCO. Saka vakapedza kudzidza kumayunivhesiti Russian vane mukana wokuva nhengo dzizere zvedzidzo mufambo zvirongwa.

Maitiro zviri Bologna wemuTesitamende Russia

Of dzinokosha zvinhu uye zvokudya, izvo vakauya Russian yedzidzo of Bologna muitiro, pane dzakawanda:

• Kuparadzana dzidzo yepamusorosoro huviri nhanho: tsvimborume uye tenzi (nokuti tsvimborume kuti dhigirii zvakakodzera kuenda kuburikidza makore 4-5 okudzidziswa, kudzidza Masters 1-2 Makore);
• kuwanikwa muzvinyorwa rokudzidzisa nemamiriro basa urongwa nguva Tera, zvinova chine hurukuro, seminarnyh uye yakazvimirira basa mudzidzi (chete vakapfuura purogiramu pachidzidzo chimwe nechimwe, akaverenga kuti imwe nhamba maawa, unogona kuenda kune chinotevera nzira yokudzidza);
• Qualitative zvinoriumba Kukoshesa yaunganidzwa nenyika ruzivo kwezvipimo mazano;
• kungoramba vatevere chokurovedza zvinenge sangano European kuna Somuenzaniso, kutamira kubva Russia;
• kufunga nyaya pani-European pamwero uye kugarwa kudzidza kwavo.

Benefits vadzidzi

Zvinoreva kuti vakapedza mumayunivhesiti Russian vachawana zvitupa pamusoro dzidzo, kwete chete kusimbisa kodzero dzavo dziri kumusha, asi achaparadzwa vataurwa pakati vashandirwi Europe yose. Ukuwo, vadzidzi vokune dzimwe nyika vane mukana mukuru kuwana basa pano. Uyezve, vadzidzi akabudirira zvikuru vachapiwa mukana kumbotambudzika kurovedza nokuda kwetemu kana gore pa mumayunivhesiti kunze nokuda hunhu mapurogiramu mufambo. Zvakakwanisika uye agoshandura vakasarudzwa dzakagadzirirwa panguva yezwi Somuenzaniso, pamwe tsvimborume dhigirii muchikoro akapedza kudzidza.

Pakati zvakanakira yakananga yedzidzo muitiro vanofanira kunzi kuunganidza mamiriro Tera anoranga, kureva izvozvo kuchaita kuti kushandisa nokuti nokukurumidza kuwana yechipiri yepamusoro dzidzo kana zvakadzama kudzidza Kuisa mutauro wokumwe, zvose masvingo kuyunivhesiti, uyewo mune dzimwe nyika.

mhedziso

Kukura Bologna muitiro dzinongoita zvakafanorongwa kubudikidza tichitarisa mukuru kunoparirwa kukanganisa zvinenge mabhora ose woupenyu Russian wehurumende. Paumbwe hwakagadzwa muenzaniso yedzidzo zvinoomesa zvikuru kusiyana zviviri zvakasiyana siyana kubva dzidzo yepamusorosoro chikoro national uye European. Mismatches kuonekwa kwose kwose: iri nguva yokudzidziswa, zvinodiwa zvinoriumba, nzvimbo kurovedza chaiyo. Kusiyana hunogona kungoparara kuonekwa kunyange sei kudzidza rakarongwa.

Bologna chibvumirano, uyo akachinja zvikuru yokuRussia yedzidzo, zvaireva yezwi maviri weDanho yepamusoro dzidzo ezvinhu kubva chete-pamwero. chibvumirano mumakoreji Asati nokusaina akadzidzisa vadzidzi pasina dzongonyedzo, anopfuura 5 years. Vaipupurirwa uye zvikuru vanokwanisa nyanzvi yagadzirwa achishandisa mapurogiramu dzakabudirira zvedzidzo. Her nechirango kusvika kunosanganisira kusarudza imwe chairema basa rinoitwa vadzidzi nevadzidzisi, ndiro imwe zvedzidzo awa. Pakuverenga uwandu mutoro kurovedza ndiyo hwaro zvirongwa dzidzo yepamusorosoro.