Butadiene acrylonitrile rabha: Properties, Preparation, kushanda

Nitrile-butadiene rabha (NBR), - dzinokosha mbishi mashoko kugadzirwa maonero chero mhando rabha pamwe Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri pakusimba. Chinhu chakaita zvokugadzirwa polymeric zvinhu yaunganidzwa copolymerization kuti butadiene pamwe acrylonitrile (Nak). It anganzi nitrile, nitrile-butadiene, styrene-butadiene rabha kana butakrilom. Pose, uku ane vaine zvinhu NBR (nitrile-butadienerubber), mudzimba - NBR (nitrile chakaita zvokugadzirwa rabha).

apo zvinoshanda

Izvi mhando rubbers inowanzoshandiswa nzvimbo indasitiri uko zvinokosha optimum kugadzikana inogadziriswa rabha zvigadzirwa kuti mishonga hasha vezvenhau. Zvikuru ndivo ehupfumi kwakadaro butadiene-nitrile rabha, zvakadai mukuru elasticity duku zvechigarire deformation. Zvinhu izvi zvinowanzoshandiswa kugadzirwa inogadziriswa rabha zvinhu vari zvakananga nevanhu mishonga kushingaira zvinhu - kungava ose chezvisimbiso, gaskets, rabha nokuwedzera majoini, mafuta mafuta hoses, nemotokari mabhandi, huni, motokari dzehondo, mhepo uye mafuta maindasitiri, kudhinda nemichina ndiro uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa.

Products kugadzirwa pahwaro rabha uku haasi kuzvimba mu jikichira zvinwiwa, antifreeze uye mvura. Dzimwe mhando imwe zvinhu zvakadaro rinoitwa zvemagetsi wiring mumuhara uye rabha Magorovhosi Chipfeko kuti ave kunyanya mukuru simba uye kupfeka nemishonga. kushandiswa kwaro kweShanduro adhesives siyana, sealants uye gungano furo. Rubber ndiyo hwaro pagadzirwe adhesives.

Kana akaita kupi rabha ichi?

Kuwana NBR rakanyorwa muna 1934 mu Germany. Panguva iyoyo, masayendisiti German ndakasika yakasiyana nedzimwe zvinhu pamwe zvivako uye patented pasi zita Bună-N. Panguva Second World War, mashoko itsva yava nevakawanda zvikuru mune mhando nevarwi indasitiri.

Nokuda kwokushayiwa zviwanikwa chemhando hurumende US wakatanga kurwisa purogiramu inokosha, zvinoratidza kushingaira kusimudzira kugadzirwa nitrile rabha uye nezvimwe chakaita zvokugadzirwa mbishi zvokuvakisa rabha. Kugadzirwa pasi chirongwa zvinhu ainzi GR-N. To musi, BOC yazova rimwe zvikuru nevanhu unokosha-chinangwa rubbers. It zvinogadzirwa munyika dzinopfuura 20 pasi pose.

Kugadzirwa BOC

Izvi mhando zvinhu zviri zvinoberekwa polymerization rinovaka aqueous emulsion. The kwacho rinoitwa vaviri panguva yakakwirira uye panguva yakaderera tembiricha. Huru monomers kuti zviitwe - ndiyo 1,3-butadiene uye acrylonitrile (NAC), kusanganiswa imwe maererano. Izvi zvinhu regai kuvimba tembiricha. Kufungisisa mitemo Statistical copolymerization, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti ichi tandem monomers varidzi ehupfumi ane azeotropic sezvamunoita dzine vanenge 40% acrylonitrile ari monomer musanganiswa.

In pagadzirwe kwakadai rabha zvinova zvakakodzera kana nani wokunatswa coagulation emulsifiers zvinoshandiswa polymerization. The rubbers yakabereka akabvumira shoma chicherwa dota kugadzikana netsvina (kunonyanyisa 1%). Vanogona tucked Stained kana zvisiri staining antioxidants.

Chii BNK

In nyika yedu, kugadzirwa rabha marudzi akadai NBR-18 (SKN-18), NBR-26 (SKN-26) uye butadiene-acrylonitrile rabha 40 (SKN-40). Nhamba chakarurama ari chidhindo inoratidza uwandu acrylonitrile vezvikwata zviri polymer. Vanogona ine azvaitwa 18, 26 kana 40% kuti acrylonitrile.

By kusiyanisa uwandu constituent zvinoriumba, unogona kubudirira ehupfumi siyana Pamusana zvinhu. Zvichienderana chikamu acrylonitrile rubbers zvivako kungachinja muna zvakaoma, ari viscosity ramafuta - uye peturu nemishonga. The chikamu NAC kunokanganisa intermolecular migumisiro dzakabatana. chikonzero ichi chinobata kushandiswa butadiene nitrile rabha mu minda National upfumi siyana. Kunyange zvakadaro, rinoshandiswa sechiratidzo mbishi mashoko kugadzirwa munhu dzakawanda dzakasiyana-siyana inogadziriswa rabha zvigadzirwa kuti maindasitiri kushandiswa.

payakaipira zvinhu

Pasinei nokuti rabha nyaya yaakaita kuwedzera BOC, nhaka kunzwisisa kuti zvakaisvonaka kuita (matunhu simba uye tensile ductility, elongation, misodzi nemishonga uye abrasion nemishonga, mafuta wakanakisisa uye peturu nemishonga), zviri chipo iyi zvinhu uye vamwe nekuipira.

Tighter anodawo mamiriro chokuita nokuwedzera velocity iri kutonhora zvigadziriswe uye kushaya mafuta kunotungamirira kuti inogadziriswa rabha zvinhu zvinogona chete anoshanda kutonhora kusvika madhigirii 150. By kuwedzera uchishandisa tembiricha pamusoro kukosha ichi, kuti yokuronga patsva, uye ipapo rabha kuparadzwa anosikwa yakavakirwa BNK. Nemamwe mashoko, nenharo rabha anova nesimba uye haungatani kuputsika.

Low tembiricha kuva nemigumisiro rinokanganisa rabha chigadzirwa, iyo yaishandiswa kugadzirwa nitrile rabha. Best kwavari ndiko tembiricha iri pazasi -35˚S.

Modern neshanduro rubbers

Rokusika rabha zvigadzirwa, pamwe yakasiyana akagadzirwa zvivako kuti kushandisa yepamusoro dikidiki rubbers. Imwe ndiyo zviitiko zviri vaiona dikidiki hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubbers. Vane kwazvo kubudiswa ehupfumi munyika-siyana rabha kugadzirwa.

Tires chakaita kwakavakirwa dzakachinjwa rubbers, polyvinyl chloride, anopa yakatsiga zvikuru zviratidzi okunze mukurumari (-50 madhigirii) uye hwakanyanya anodawo kutonhora anosvika 160 inegumi. Zviri zvikuru kupfuura zvigadzirwa kugadzirwa pahwaro butadiene-nitrile rubbers, nokuti misodzi kuzvidzivirira uye abrasion nemishonga. Rine kwazvo kurwisa kuti kushingaira mishonga hasha runyararo. Zvisinei, rabha ichi hachisi sezvo simba uye akashinga. Naizvozvo, kuvandudza kwesayenzi ehupfumi kwemashoko, izvozvo kakawanda ikashandiswa pamwe kwakajairika mhando nitrile-butadiene rubbers.

vulcanization

Pfungwa vulcanization kuti nitrile butadiene rabha achishandisa sarufa thiuram, makemikari peroxides, Inogadzirwa nemasiridzi anobuda mumiti alkilfenolformaldegidnyh uye organochlorines. Temperature anogona dzinosiyana 140˚ kusvika 190˚ Celsius. Paaiita izvi, pane pakuonekwa guru Kurapwa rwenze. Yakakwirira kwevari NAC kunowedzera okurapa nokukurumidza. The chatingatevedzera rabha yakanga dzinoongororwa nokuda yokusafa zvechadenga curatives.

ehupfumi

Properties NBR acrylonitrile kugutsikana kwakatemwa. Izvi mhando rabha zvikuru soluble mune ketones, vamwe yeHydrocarbon mhinduro uye esters. Aliphatic Mahydrocarbon uye doro rinenge hapana zvainoita pokufa NBR. Kuwedzera murwiyo kunoita intermolecular acrylonitrile zvinhu pachena pakati polymer ngetani: kunokonzera NAC iri Kuronga zvinhu, dzakanga dziri arambe achirema uye anowedzera magirazi kuchinja tembiricha muoti. Yakakwirira kwevari NAC kunoderedza dielectric zvivako uye akazoita mwero solubility inonhuwirira zvokufembedzwa uye inowedzera kuramba kuzvimba mu aliphatic Mahydrocarbon.

Zvichienderana nzira polymerization pamusoro rabha, unogona kubereka siyana plastoelasticheskimi zviratidzo. Vanogona kuva:

• Zvakaoma (neukukutu Defoe 21.5 - 27.5 N). tsamba "T" iri akawedzera apo ndezve rabha zvakadaro zita rayo.
• Solid (kuomarara Defoe 17.5 - 21.5 N).
• Soft (kuomarara Defoe 7.5 - 11.5 N). tsamba "M" iri akawedzera apo ndezve rabha zvakadaro zita rayo.

For NBR, ikabereka pamwe kutora chikamu sulfonates sezvo emulsifiers, Kunyora akawedzera tsamba "C". Somuenzaniso, SKN-26MS - zvinyoronyoro rabha umo 26% kubva akasungwa chipo NAC uye kugadzirira rakashandiswa biodegradable alkylsulfonate emulsifier.