Bankruptcy (insolvency) ari repamutemo: pfungwa uye vatambi, features, mukuru maitiro, pamutemo mutemo. insolvency mutemo (kusauka) yokupira masangano

Pfungwa insolvency (kusauka) ari repamutemo haisi rwakaipa zvaizivikanwa vashandi vehurumende, Entrepreneurs, nyanzvi, uye vadzidzi zveupfumi uye dzepamutemo ounyanzvi hwokugadzira. Mumwe kubva colliding pamwe rokuti shtudiruet matikiti pamberi bvunzo, mumwe anonyora kosi kana tsvakurudzo mapepa. Negore akazotevera uye yakaoma yeupenyu Chiitiko yakawanikwa pavazhe, mitumbi hurumende, vachipinda Committees siyana kana - akaipisisa - sezvo muridzi sauka kambani. Zvakadzama zvicharatidza pachiratidzo insolvency (kusauka) yokupira masangano.

Bankruptcy: mukuru pfungwa

Kana tikafunga izwi iri senguva chimiro, ukoshi hwayo - insolvency. mamiriro ezvinhu akadaro simuka kana kambani kana munhu haagoni abhadhare mitoro yavo mabhanga, mutero zviremera, bhizimisi uye dzimwe mhando dzose chikwereti.

Zvisinei, dzimwe nguva colloquially kunzi kusauka havashande munhu apedza zvaivararamisa.

General zvechadenga insolvency (kusauka) ari repamutemo uye pfungwa insolvency vane zvakawanda zvakafanana. Beyond zvoupfumi uye dzepamutemo ukama, kana munhu asina mari kana kwete zvakakwana vavo kubuda muzvikwereti, sezvo yave akati, inonzi kusauka. Pamutemo nomutemo mabasa mamwe mashoko. Pairi - mberi.

Bankruptcy (insolvency) ari repamutemo tichitarisa mutemo

Zvakakosha kuziva kuti chiitiko ichi hazvigoni yakarondedzerwa pamutemo chiito chete. Mune Russian Federation, chikuru regulator pedyo mitemo maererano Federal Mutemo "On Insolvency (Bankruptcy)" pamutemo masangano N 127-FL 2002. Kuwedzera chiito pamusoro apa, muitiro uye pfungwa kusauka vari nokudzorwa Civil Code. Pashure 127-FL CC inokosha chinzvimbo uye nechepakati nechinzvimbo. Yokupedzisira zvakare anoita insolvency (kusauka) yokupira masangano uye vanhu.

Uyezve, zvakarongwa ingasanganisira dzimwe mitemo yeUnited:

• Federal Mutemo February 25, 1999 N 40-FL "On Insolvency (Bankruptcy)" (sezvo Akave nokuvandudza).
• Federal Mutemo June 24, 1999 N 122-FL "On peculiarities zviri insolvency (kusauka) nyaya inoitika nevhu rakawandisa mafuta uye simba yakaoma."
• RF Hurumende Resolution yaFebruary 3rd, 2005 N 52 "Pazuva pamutemo simba mutoro kutungamirira basa kuzvipira yokudzora masangano kuyananisa mamaneja".

Kunosanganisirawo zvimwe zvakawanda Federal Law musi Insolvency (Bankruptcy) pamusoro juridical vanhu, dzinoshandiswa In maererano imwe mamiriro ezvinhu.

The pamusoro Mabasa zvinosanganisira zvakadai zvinokosha pokuti:

• chikwereti;
• chikwereti;
• insolvency (kusauka) yokupira masangano;
• fanira kubhadhara.

Sezvo chikwereti angava dzinongoitika munhu, munhu entrepreneur kana repamutemo uyo asingakwanisi kubhadhara kubvisa Zvinotaurwa ayo chikwereti pamusoro mari sungiro uye fanira kubhadhara mukati nguva zvakatangwa mutemo pamusoro insolvency (kusauka) vanhu.

Akakweretesa - yemanyorero kusangano repamutemo pamusoro iyo nechikwereti ndiyo kubhadhara chikwereti zvemari.

Bankruptcy (insolvency) ane repamutemo kuzivikanwa arbitral pechigaro chokutonga. Kunzwisiswa se kushaya mano ngava kugutsa mukweretesi kwokuti mune rusarura zvemari mitoro.

Vanosungirwa kubhadhara - vari mitero, mabasa uye siyana mari uye mhosva, somuenzaniso, kuti mudyandigere Fund kana inishuwarenzi utano mushandi.

Kazhinji, zviri pamutemo mutemo insolvency (kusauka) ari repamutemo munhu zvakanaka kunzwisisa hurongwa. interweaving uyu remataurirwo mutemo yakasiyana siyana, uyewo zvokudya uye nyaya yacho Civil Code, nokududza Chiitiko pakati insolvency (kusauka) yokupira masangano. Muchidimbu zviri anenge zvisingaiti kutsanangura.

In mashoko vaitamba chinyorwa

Concept nezviratidzo insolvency (kusauka) ari repamutemo rinosanganisira muzvizhinji kuti zvinhu. Kana isu funga nzira nokuda kuziva insolvency pahwaro pedare redzimhosva, sokurondedzerwa kumusoro, chokwadi kuti kusauka ndiko kumisa kuyananisa. Pfungwa iyi kuti agadzirise sembura mamiriro pakati zvebhizimisi uye zvikwereti pamutemo. Chinangwa chikuru - kuti zvinobudirira kuparadzira yesangano iri boka uye mukana kugutsa zvido yavose vaviri kuti mukakavadzane - kureva zvavakanga vachida kuita uye zvikwereti.

insolvency mutemo (kusauka) yokupira masangano inoti sangano ichaongororwa sauka kana kubhadhara zvikwereti hazvisati zvazadzikiswa mukati mitatu kubva musi delinquency.

Mukuwedzera, mutemo kunopa mukana masangano kuvandudza mamiriro nyaya dzavo, asi chete pasi kutarisira arbitral chekutonga pemahombekombe pachavo, uyewo dzinokosha makomisheni uye kutarisirwa, izvo achanyorwa pamusoro.

Bankruptcy kubva upfumi nemaonero

Kazhinji, tsanangudzo zvakafanana pamutemo. Concept nezviratidzo insolvency kusauka of repamutemo: iyi, kukundikana zvaireva rine kuenda kuburikidza liquidation nzira kana ayo kupora. Izvi imhaka yokuti sangano-anokwereta asingakwanisi kusangana chikwereti zvinotaurwa.

Izvi kunoitika apo pane zvimwe zviratidzo kusauka, kureva. E. Zvikonzero nokuda iyo kambani havagoni kubhadhara zvikwereti zvayo. Izvi zvingasanganisira Somuenzaniso, zvakaipa utariri wekambani, apo, nokuda utariri zviito kana vanhu vanoita mamwe mabasa, kambani akatanga varege nokurasikirwa uye zvishoma nezvishoma dzikaparara. Chimwe chikonzero zvingava kwokunze kwezvakatipoteredza: unopinza kusiyana-siyana iri kudiwa zvinhu kana mabasa, yose kwoupfumi zvinhu, zvakadai akasvetuka mukutsinhana rates, uyewo panopindwa ine simba mukwikwidzi, kana wokurangana. Dzimwe nguva mamiriro ezvinhu enyika anogona kukanganisa, zvakadai zvirango. Uyewo pano zvinogona kunzi hwokugadzira zvinhu - zvinetso rwezvemabhengi kubhadhara kana Hardware kukundikana panyaya makambani yemari siyana anogona kutsoropodza.

Dzimwe mhosva kukundikana aigona nemaune mabasa tsotsi revashandi dzesangano, akadai kusabhadhara mitero kana mutsividzo muzvikwereti, uyewo achinyima kana kushaya kuti nekambani zvinhu. Zvisinei, zviito zvakadaro vakaraira Chirango pasi Criminal Code.

Zviratidzo insolvency (kusauka) ari repamutemo

With zvisingawanzoitiki Kunze, chero basa kunogona yakashatiswa pakarepo. sangano kupinda insolvency chinhanho, zvichava kuwana zvinoverengeka nzira, iyo vari pamwe kunzi vava kuda kubhuroka.

Wevakadzidza chiratidzo - nekusagona kwenguva refu kubhadhara vavo vaite zvakasiyana-siyana. Kazhinji, chitarisiko chavo zvakare kuti akatanga kumatare.

In imwe odhita zvinobudirira revatema nokuongorora kurongwa zviratidzo kusauka. Kakawanda richiona nezvezvabuda pamashoko akadaro, kambani unokubvumira kuponesa kwete insolvency, asiwo basa nzira chokuita kuvandudzika mari ezvinhu. Informal zviratidzo zvinogona huviri ndokunge subspecies:

• vhidhiyo - nenzira imwe kana mumwe nechokuita Mitsara zvemari, chizvidavirire uye utariri chizvidavirire;
• zvisina kunanga - kwakabatana ne basa kambani, utariri muenzaniso uye maitiro iwayo basa zvakananga.

Saka, vhidhiyo inoratidza - avo kuti vanenge zvinoratidzwa Mitsara zvemari okuita, uye mune mamwe magwaro kambani. Ivo kuonekwa zvakare muna kwenguva chikwereti chikwereti kune zvikwereti nesangano, uyewo kuchinja kamwe kamwe nechiyero pepa. Somuenzaniso, izvi zvingaenzana nechitarisiko vakawanda vakasununguka zvinhu zviri zvebhizimisi, rakapinza kuwedzera kana kudzikisa kuti mumatanda, kunonoka mubayiro, guru receivable. Kazhinji, ndizvo chero kusina kumukodzera kuchinja chokuita mari chezvinonhuwira musangano.

Zvisina kunanga zviratidzo insolvency pamusoro kusauka pamutemo munhu, sezvo mutemo, ndivo kare. Kukundikana masangano chinotanga zvachinja. Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, zviri kuchikonzerwa nokuchinja maitiro kurapa boka kana vamwe mutoro vanhu. Zvakakosha chaizvo kuti afunge kuti kunetsana mukati mamaneja, uyewo siyana kusina zvakagadzirwa (kuedza kufungidzira, rwakakwana Pricing uye zvichingodaro. D.). Kana mumwe varidzi kambani zvikuru anotengesa migove ayo achava isina kunanga chiratidzo rwakashata ezvinhu. Izvi zvinosanganisira unopinza shanduko refu urongwa, chekambani nzira, zvinogona kukonzera mutengi churn uye, sezvo migumisiro matambudziko emari, izvo zvichaita vaunze rose cheni, kusanganisira liquidation.

nokubatanidzwazve

Ichi chinhu chakakosha kwazvo nzira nokuda chikwereti - Chokwadi, mhepo wechipiri, izvo zvinogona kuponesa sangano. Inoitwa zviyero zviviri: zvokunze kuzvidzora uye utsanana.

External kuzvidzora kuti uchatamisa yesangano iri chikwereti zvikuru yakatarwa kusauka mumiririri. The nzira zvinoitwa nedare. Kana zvinetso kambani zvave nechokuita vasina (uye dzimwe nguva tsotsi) zviito mukuru utariri, ari kwokunze kuzvidzora kunogona kuunza sangano kubva dambudziko, kunyanya mumapoka makuru kuti vane vakawanda yesangano kana kugadzirwa chinzvimbo.

Remediation - chiyero kuti hwokuwedzera mari yacho nechikwereti. Zvinotisimbisa mari vabatsirwe kunogona State, pacharo muridzi zvebhizimisi, uye mune zvimwe zviitiko Lenders. matanho akadaro inowanzoshandiswa chokuita sokuronga chakakosha munyika mabhizimisi, zvakadai nemabhangi kana zvirimwa zvakasiyana-siyana.

kubviswa

Matanho aya kuti tikwanise chokutambudzika zviitwa imwe kusauka kambani. Conventionally, nezviyero izvi zvinogona rakakamurwa subspecies maviri:

• nokuzvidira liquidation (kudzorwa chikwereti);
• kumanikidzwa (nedare).

Muchiitiko chokutanga, sangano kwaanoda mabasa ayo achishandisa zvakanakanaka ugari. Kazhinji, munhu akakweretesa anopiwa pfuma yacho anokwereta kana zvimwe nzira kugadzirisa kusawirirana. chibvumirano yakadaro anogona wakasainwa chero nguva uye chero pavaipfuura kutongwa pamusoro kusauka.

Rokumanikidzirwa liquidation kunosanganisira kutongwa yakareba, iyo mutemo achasarudza gakava akakweretesa uye anokwereta. Panyaya iyi siyana yaitonga levers kuparadzirwa yesangano pakati pemahombekombe richashandiswa, uyezve, zvinobvira zvirango vaya mhosva.

kusauka Forms

Kazhinji, pfungwa dzakasiyana-siyana munzvimbo upfumi uye kodzero kuti nyore patsanura. Insolvency (Bankruptcy) pamusoro juridical vanhu rakakamurwa subtypes siyana. Next dziri inonyanyoshandiswa akasangana:

• Real kusauka. It kunoratidzwa nekusagona kubhadhara sangano nokuda kwayo kwemitoro pamusaka nazvo uye inofashukira nokururama uye chikwereti. Saka, maitiro bhizimisi dzakadaro zvebhizimisi zvisisakwanisiki. Uyezve, arbitral chekutonga pamutemo ndizvo wakasimba sauka.
• Zvokungoitawo kusauka. Kazhinji chokuita makuru nenhoroondo receivable, umo chinokosha chikamu chigadzirwa haina kubhadharwa, asi akaramba mvura. zvinoisa zvakadaro zvikwerete chikwereti, uyewo kupangidza matambudziko ari mashoko mari. Izvi ezvinhu - Kazhinji mu Pakadaro, arbitral chekutonga kana chikwereti angabvumira mamwe nguva mabasa mitoro. Rinogonawo basa iri kudzorwa kana kutarisira kambani. A guru chikamu makambani aya kupora basa ravo.
• Mazvokuda kusauka. It anotakura zvikuru mutsekwende nekambani utariri. Zvinonzi aiwanzoshandiswa nechinangwa chokuvanza yesangano, kusabhadhara mitero, kutengeswa kana weboka pfuma, kuba uye nemamwe mabasa asiri pamutemo. pezvakaitwa akadaro anowanzoratidza dzikava mhosva mhosva kambani Executives, uyewo mamiriyoni ari fines uye kurambidza kubatirira zvimwe zvinzvimbo kwenguva refu.
• Zvekunyepera kusauka (insolvency) ari repamutemo. The zano rakafanana yapfuura marudzi, asi chinangwa chacho - ndiko kuwana kupfuura akanaka okuti kubva Lenders, zvakadai yakaderera mubereko prices pamusoro zvikwereti kana chokunyora mubhadharo. Sezvo wambotaurwa chimiro insolvency, kazhinji kacho anosika mutsekwende nekambani Executives, kusvikira vasaenderera mberi uye chaiko mujeri.

Bankruptcy vanhu

Muchiitiko chino, inopa yakasiyana sezvakarayirwa kufunga insolvency. Relations nezviremera, matare uye zvikwereti zviri yaidzorwa zvakasiyana. Zvino shandisa Federal Mutemo №476-FL (the kusauka dzinongoitika vanhu), uyo akatanga kushandisa muna 2015, musi 1 October. Kwakavakirwa chiito chepamutemo ichi, chero mugari wenyika Russian Federation ndizivise insolvency ayo pasi zvinotevera ezvinhu: chikwereti nonoka neinopfuura mitatu, pane zvinyorwa izvo kuzosimbisa kushaya mukana kubuda muzvikwereti (kopi basa, uchapupu kwemabasa uye zvichingodaro. .), uyewo chitsama chikwereti kuti runopfuura rubles namazana mashanu.

Pacharo kusauka kwacho kunosanganisira matanho matatu. Danho rokutanga - kukumbira munhu matare simba, uye kuzviisa pasi chikumbiro anogona kuona kwete chete munhu, asi yake chikwereti. Inotevera chikumbiro wacho, uye kana nokuguta, zvichava kutanga yechitatu chokutambudzika - zvakananga kuti rumhan'aro.

Saka, munhu akataura kusauka. Muchiitiko chino, nyora zvikwereti zvose, nokudzorwa mutemo, kana avo zvimwe chikamu. Zvisinei, izvozvo zvichaita kuti vamwe Migumisiro Somuenzaniso, chikwereti havazokwanisi kubata zvinzvimbo kwemakore mashanu, uye kuchava nezvinetso kuwana zvikwereti.

Zvinotarisirwa kuti pamutemo masangano

Kana Entrepreneurs kupfuura zvakanaka kuzvipedza kwaizova haana kupinda mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, apo ngozi kune dzemari sangano kukuru. Pano anogona kubatsira kupedza zviyero kudzivirira kusauka. Chokutanga ndechokuti zvaidiwa mitemo yose, pfungwa, kudzora vashandi vavo uye mashoko, uye, chokwadi, zviri odhita.

Pane chaizvo vazhinji chokuenda uye Auditing yemakambani, private nezvokurara, outsourcers maakaundendi, kushanda ari kure, kana kuuya panguva yakakodzera. vanachiremba izvi zvinogona kubatsira kwete chete kudzivirira kusauka (insolvency) ane sangano repamutemo, asiwo kuvandudza hunokwanisa kuita uye unhu basa rose.

Kana vanoshorwa ezvinhu kwakaitika, uye kambani vari mumamiriro kusauka, zviri nani kuti varege yokunonotsa kutsvaka vamwe detours, uye kuita nokuzvidira. Hazvina zvakafanira kutambisa nguva uye kunyengera chikwereti. Izvi zvichaita chete kutowedzera ezvinhu uye anogona kuwedzera mamwe matambudziko, akadai fines uye zvikuru zvirango, kusanganisira mhosva mirango.

Uyewo, kana kambani haisi mudonzvo gweta, zvakakodzera akwezve nomazvo nyanzvi, zvingava kukwanisa kuderedza mari litigation, nguva acho, uye zvichiri kuponesa chikamu boka kubva kutengeswa pfuma.

For vanhu

Pano zvasiyana: kuti mugari kuziva kusauka, achafanira zvakasimba kudzivirira chinzvimbo ichi mudare. Life mamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana, zvinokosha chaizvo kuramba akadzikama uye undere, chinhu mufananidzo wakadaro muchawana muitiro.

Mutemo pamusoro kusauka muviri vanhu achiri mutsva, saka zvinoita mamwe litigation uye matambudziko vanofanira kubvunza nyanzvi anokwanisa mumunda uyu.

Chikurukuru - usaedza kushandisa mutemo uyu, nekuti kana iwe vanoedza kuzarura unyengeri, zviri guru chaizvo mukana kurasikirwa pfuma, mukurumbira, uye kunyange dzavo rusununguko.