Back tsandanyama. Anatomy of musculature ari shure.

The biomechanics womunhu muviri chete nokuonga zvinogoneka kune rakasiyana anatomi sei muviri wose wose, uye munhu enyika kunyanya. Muscular maitiro panguva sangano rine kutungamirira basa. Somuenzaniso, ari shure tsandanyama. Anatomy kuti musana musculature zvikuru kunzwisisa uye kunoda kudzidza hwakadzama nokuda yemberi rwevanhu vanachiremba vanovhiya, neurosurgeons, kunotevera vanovhiya uye urologists. Zviri vanachiremba izvi kazhinji kugadzirisa nyaya dzakadai.

Saka, chii vari kunyanya shure tsandanyama? mutumbi musculature anatomi kunoratidzwa guru tsandanyama arrays. Muscle fibers ari shure vane hombe kukura, sezvo zvichienzaniswa musoro kana mutsipa, sezvo vanonzwa akasimba mutoro kana inofamba uye nenzvimbo imwe nzvimbo huru pamusoro womunhu. Mutsipa tsandanyama, anatomi inova yokunyanyisa kunzwisisa vakawandisa tsinga plexus uye zvinokosha vascular mwanda iri munzvimbo iyi zvakanaka munzvimbo tsandanyama ari shure uye chipfuva. Back tsandanyama vakakamurwa muzvikwata zviviri, izvo vakasiyana mumwe nokuda vatungamirire tsandanyama fibers - asingafungi uye rakadzika.

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti wekutanga musana tsandanyama, anatomi iyo phylogenetically zvikuru chokuita nemamiriro kumugumo tsandanyama vari tsandanyama kuti kufamba kukura kwacho pamwe yokumusoro muviri. Deep sezvo musana tsandanyama, sezvinofungwa nevakawanda vakatenda, yakatanga kubva fetus tsandanyama Bookmarks kana myotomes nharaunda iyi. Akachengetwa muchimiro zvishomanana segmental mamiriro. Nheyo kuparadzirwa zvakadzama tsandanyama - inotungamirwa ichi pezvivako izvi anoverengeka tsandanyama akaturikidzana. Panguva iyoyowo, vanotonyanya ndiye tsandanyama, saka zvichaita kutarira pfupi.

By zvachero musana tsandanyama zvinosanganisira zvinotevera marudzi tsandanyama:

- trapezius tsandanyama, kana musculus trapezius, iyo inotanga kubva marangwanda ari spinous dzinotsanagura ari thoracal vertebrae rose akatevedzana. Her chinhu - kufamba zvipande uye kuwedzera musoro.

- latissimus dorsi, izvo inoremekedzwa yose zvayo nharaunda ezasi. M. latissimus dorsi, kazhinji inotanga kubva pasi 5 thoracal vertebrae, uyewo vose lumbar uye sacral vertebral spinous dzinotsanagura dzapasi maviri mana mbabvu uye vose iliac penyika. Rinoshanda: The kusiya ari ruoko uye fudzi kutenderera mukati.

- rhomboid tsandanyama. It nhema chete nechepazasi trapezius. Mashandiro m. rhomboideus kunewo chokuita chipande sangano.

- levator scapulae tsandanyama. tsandanyama Izvi zvauya kubva pezvakaitwa kare remuromo vertebrae, ndokuguma pamusoro chipande, mu aro okumusoro zvakanaka mukona. M. levator scapulae, anopindura zita raro, anoita nokusimudza mashizha.

- musana uchingodzikira toothed tsandanyama. tsandanyama-mhandu ichi. Kana wokutanga wavo (kureva m. Serratus posterior mukuru) zvinomutsa mbabvu, wokupedzisira (m. Serratus Anterior akaderera), nekusiyana, vari pasi.

Achitaura yakadzika shure tsandanyama, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti ine vakaparadzana mapoka pfupi uye refu tsandanyama kuti dziri pedyo refu musana mbiru. Izvi zvinobva occipital bvupa musoro uye sacral nharaunda. By yakadzika musana tsandanyama dzinosanganisira:

- tsandanyama, kuswatura muviri. Riri munzvimbo yacho sacrum uye crests vose mapfupa iliac, kubva rwakatanga, anoenda akananga uye anouya kuguma panguva occipital pfupa. basa rayo riri chokuita vachikotama uye kugadzirisa zviri mutumbi, uyewo yaro lateral dzakatenuka. M. erector trunci ane zvikamu zvitatu, iyo rutapudzo uye achavaponesa yezvakaita kufamba.

- transversospinales, kana m. transversospinalis chinhu chisinganzwisisiki zvinosanganisira duku uye pfupi tsandanyama fibers. Izvi kumashure tsandanyama, anatomi izvo pakutanga kuaona ingaita runobva, kuenda mune oblique akananga kwemasayendisiti ari vertebrae uye kubatsira vari kuswatura musana uye mutumbi.

- Belt tsandanyama. It chinoitwa nekuvhura musoro uye kuwedzera remuromo nomuzongoza.

Lumbar tsandanyama, Chokwadi, hamuzi chaiko musana netsandanyama. Anatomically, ivo vanotaura musculature ari pelvic bhanhire.