"B-52" - USA bhomba. History chokusika

"B-52" - bhomba, Boeing akasunungura vokuAmerica dzesangano iri 50-ies wekupedzisira remakore. It pakutanga akagadzirirwa hurukuro mbiri yenyukireya mabhomba pose Soviet Union. Nanhasi anoramba chikuru ndege iri zvombo kuti kumberi avhiyesheni of Air Force of America.

History chokusika

B-52 Stratofortress - uto brainchild rimwe remasangano ndege kugadzira makambani munyika - the American Boeing Company. The mutauro Russian, zita raro rizere rinoshandurwa se "mhepo Castle". budiriro Its kwakatanga 1950s apo kambani akatanga kugadzira chizvarwa chechipiri emauto ndege, dzinova Ndege. The ndege akaitirwa kutsiva vakura maviri mienzaniso: B-36 uye B-47. Munyori muenzaniso rokutanga aiva kambani Convair, wechipiri - Boeing.

US zviremera vakasarudza kutsiva pisitoni Ndege uye akazivisa makwikwi pakati akagadzira mahofisi rokusika inokosha kwendege. The mumakwikwi pakaziviswa panopera Hondo Yenyika II, muna 1946. In nemakwikwi akatora chikamu makambani matatu - kuti kare ainzi akabatanidzwa Douglas. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti apo hapana pamusoro vatungamiriri vemauto vasingatendi mikana rinorema kwendege, saka kunyange zvakawanda zvinopfuura 13 zviuru. Makiromita. Kunyange zvakadaro, masayendisiti, vagadziri uye vanamuzvinabhizimisi makatanga nechido kuramba rusaruro izvi. basa ravo rakanga kusika kwete bhomba uye inokosha chombo uye Outbound.

Kusvika dambudziko, vose vaiziva sei kuti vave "B-52" (bhomba). Sei ichi hachizi itsva ndege kuti nguva yaro, chii akatungamirira vavambi? Convair kambani, achitora sezvikonzero imwe pisitoni B-36, vakatenda kuti vabudirire pazvinangwa kuburikidza nekuisa ndege injini uye bapiro dziri miseve. Mutori wechikamu wechipiri, Douglas, akaita rakagadzirirwa imwe motokari zvachose itsva, iyo inoti vaifanira kuva turboprops. Boeing akasarudza kushanda navo kuisa svikiro bhomba B-47 uye kuvandudza mashandiro aro yakanakira hondo pamwero.

Kuvaka Boeing Company

The boka, iyo mubasa kukura chirongwa pasi nokushanda rokuti "Model 464", yaisanganisira vanachiremba nhanhatu kutungamirira, izvo anoita imwe chete chikamu kushanda B-47. The bhendi vakatanga rokutanga design ndege "B-52". Bhomba, hunhu zvakanga dzakakwirira zvikuru kupfuura avo vakanga vari mundege, akasikwa kubudikidza kambani ambotaurwa, aida nzira itsva uye mhinduro. Zvikurukuru, zvaiva pachena kuti vaida kutiza mileage uye kutarisirwa maoko uremu matani 4,5 kunotoreva kuwedzera kutora-kure kurema muchina matani 150. Izvi kaviri mwero yapfuura chizvarwa ndege. Uyewo, nokukurumidza, maererano unyanzvi zvinodiwa, zvinofanira kusvika 960 km / h.

Kugadzirisa matambudziko pakushandisa simbi turbojets J-57. Rod wavo aiva matani 3,4. Kwakasarudzwa kumisa sere injini akadaro. Combined muna nemhando mana, vakanga yakaiswa muna pamapapiro ndege achibatsirwa guru pylons, akazviratidza pamberi mapapiro. Panguva iyoyo yokuti kunonyanyisa longitudinal kugadzikana iri ndege keel iri kuvakwa kumusoro zvakakwana. Huni, bhuku iro vanofanira kunge kwakakwanira intercontinental kutiza, ikawanda nzvimbo mukati bapiro kune imwe nzvimbo 371,6 akaenzana. m.

US zviremera akapa dzakabudirira dzesangano "Boeing", "B-52". American bhomba akabvumirwa muna 1947, uye boka vakagamuchira hurumende hurongwa, kusaina nechibvumirano prototypes maviri.

bvunzo

The kumumvuri wokutanga, iyo mauto akapiwa rokuti "XB-52", akanga akagadzirira pamugumo November 1951. Zvisinei, kusvikira muchina vagadzirira wokutanga bvunzo, izvozvo vakakwanisa kurwadzisa. Kuti varege kuparadza mukurumbira wekambani, takasarudza kuzodana zvikonzero wechokwadi kudzoka ndege kusvika chirimwa. Test kuturika tsanangura kudiwa kuisa mamwe Hardware. Somugumisiro, kodzero yokutanga ndege hwakatamisirwa muchina wechipiri, akasarudzwa nemauto se "yb-52". It kwakapera pakati paMarch 1952.

In pemwedzi April, akatanga kutiza miedzo "B-52". The bhomba rakanga yakanyatsoiswa pamwe chassis anonzi bhasikoro mhando, chinova nani kuziva chakagadzirwa. The chassis chinhu mavhiri Racks mana (kuiswa iri ndege fuselage yoga rusesi mumwe nomumwe wavo) kunge vakapakata hydraulic kuzvidzora uye Autobrake. Uyezve, vagadziri akabvisa muchina dependencies nezvirango ekunze panguva yasimuka uye kumhara kuitira kuti mavhiri ari chassis magadzirirwo unokubvumira woaisa necheparutivi kuti nechepakati akabatana ari airframe. Saka ndagamuchira mashoko pamusoro mhepo nokukurumidza uye kutungamirirwa, kuti vezvikepe kushandisa tafura kukarukureta anogona akaiswa vhiri kuitira kuti ndege raiita padivi panguva run yacho ubvise. Zvinonzi izvi hwokugadzira chepfungwa yave Akakwezva ruzhinji panguva mukuru ari kuita makore maviri gare gare.

Kana bvunzo yapera, muchina kwaitanga vakagamuchira zita "B-52 Stratofortress", zvichireva kuti "mhepo Castle". Zvisinei, zvakaitika yokuedzwa vezvikepe anokosha nechido haana kusiyana. A taisireva panguva ndege akakumikidza mafuta matangi ari pamapapiro in - vanongogara usabuda. Iskhitryatsya aifanira kumisa vhinza panguva kutiza.

mibvunzo yakawanda akakonzera vashandi ejection hurongwa: njodzi kusiya ndege kubudikidza catapult zvaiita chete kubva nekukwirira makubhiti mazana matatu. The shooter yaiva rwemberi chikamu chimbuzi uye elektropechka vakanga kuiswa mune kabhini yake. Panguva kutiza chemiseve yakanga rakapotsa voga kubva vashandi uye akaramba chete redhiyo kuonana naye. Saka, kana akaramba, nyanzvi haana pfungwa zvaiitika pamwe ndege. Kamwe kwaiva chikonzero chiitiko ne "B-52". Bhomba apo dzichibhururuka nemabhanan'ana waiva mumhepo murukova pasi. Shooter, vachifunga kuti Ndege anodonhedza, vabudiswa, saka akamanikidzwa kukanda kubvisa pfuti. Kusashivirira kwake vezvikepe akawana kare pasi.

Serial nadzurudzo

"B-52", Stratofortress bhomba, akasimuka pachigaro conveyor bhandi muna 1955. First yakabudisa nadzurudzo pane akatevedzana - "B-52A" - vakapinda inokosha mhepo simba muna June. Ndege kushandiswa kudzidzisa vashandi, uye kutyaira kwacho refueling ndege mudenga. Pashure pfupi akasiya "B-52B". Total akasunungura ndege mashanu nadzurudzo iyi. Michina dzino vakagadzirira zvizere hondo mishoni pamwe kwakajairika uye zvombo zvenyukireya mungarava. Kuti vaite izvi, vakati aigarira zvikuru yepamusoro injini ine chezano 4,62 ths. Matani uye sighting uye ngarava gadziriro. vakakomba nyika kutiza, akatevedzera panzira kuratidza simba B-52 (bhomba) ndokuenda non-kumisa akapfura Kurwisa yenyukireya.

Muenzaniso yakanga wakapindwa nhanhatu ndege kunopamba, vakatora kumatenga kubva Banga uto nechigadziko Castle (California) muawa zuva January 16, 1957. Panguva kutiza ane zvachose kureba 39.2 zviuru. Km "B-52" bhomba vaifanira refueling zvichiitwa (mu August), uye mana nguva. Zvisinei, kwete ndege zvose akakwanisa kuti nzira yavo. Mumaawa, mumwe chombo akaita zvashata kumhara mu England. Zvisingatarisirwi injini kutadza kwakanga mhaka kukundikana imwe ndege kuti mutsaona yacho muna Labrador. The yasara motokari nhatu pashure kukwana mazuva maviri tikamira ane Airbase pedyo Los Angeles. Nokuda mamiriro okunze akaipa kuenda vakasvika yeawa hafu Kwapera.

Route, yaisanganisira nendege pamusoro Newfoundland, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, kuCeylon, Malaysia (dzichengeterwe pano kwakajairika muchiuto chinangwa), Philippines, Guam uye mujinga Castle, maawa 45 maminitsi 19. Ndege zvaiitika shanduka yakakwirira 10,7-15,2 zviuru. Mamita ari kumhanya 865 km / h. Kana kusvika kubaya zvimiso muhondo nokukurumidza yakanga yawedzera kusvika 965 km / h. Wedzera nendege panguva kutiza pamusoro kuAtlantic Ocean, Gungwa reMediterranean, Saudi Arabia uye kuPhilippines. Yokuwedzera kubata refueling kwakaitika masikati nousiku uye chero ekunze. Asati atanga kwacho akaderedza chombo kukwira, kumhanya muchiitiko ichi chaiva 400-480 km / h.

Zvinokosha kutaura kuti kunhivi nyika ndege yokutanga yakaitwa nendege "B-50" muna 1949 uye maawa 94.

Mugore rechitatu munhevedzano ndege - "B-52C" - akaisa mukuru traction injini - matani 5.4. motokari 35 chete zvakabudiswa muna 1956. Nokutsiva pneumatic Mutange pamusoro upfu akatadza kashanu kuderedza nguva chirimwa injini zvose - hafu kune maminitsi matanhatu. Uyezve, zvave yakapiwa mukana kushandisa zvombo. On the "B-52" (bhomba, chombo) kuisa itsva rwendo zvombo, inokosha bumbiro-anonzi "Hound Dog" (hound imbwa). Vaenda kuhondo aramu kuderedza urefu runway vezvikepe zvaigona kushandiswa akisarareta turbojets zvombo. Zvino zvombo kubva Matangi refueled ari kutiza.

kurasikirwa

Mukutanga Kuma1960, atanga kushandisa ndege achida. "B-52" - bhomba sverhalny chombo - akagadzirirwa kununura zvombo zvenyukireya chero chikamu Soviet Union. Takapinda kudzidzira kufamba ushori Flights pamwe mamiriro kumuganhu USSR. Zvinofanira kunzwisiswa kuti kwokuputsika imwe ndege kwakadaro pamu zvenyukireya warheads, zviri nyore kuronga imwe Hiroshima. Zvichakadai, pakaita dambudziko "B-52" kwakaitika zvinoshamisa kakawanda. Accident zvinobatanidza zvombo zvenyukireya ndivo bumbiro zita "Broken Arrow." Vazhinji tsaona yakaitika pamwe izvi ndege pamusoro United States, uyewo noushamwari nyika denga.

Saka, muna 1958 pakanga tsaona yokutanga munharaunda yacho State of North Carolina, uko mutyairi chikanganiso akakanda bhomba pamusoro pedenga reimba. Somugumisiro, zvimedu vanhu vatanhatu vakakuvadzwa. Muna 1961, munyika iyoyo mamiriro kunge kwakadonha ndege pacharo, nokurohwa bhomba yakadhirika. Kwapera gore, muna chete mamiriro akawira bhomba nezvirwere maviri "Hound Dog" zvombo muna Goldsboro.

Dambudziko rokutanga yakaitika kunze United States muna 1966, apo chikwata yepasi pemvura yakabonderana "KC-135" mudenga pamusoro Spain. Mumwe chitundumuseremusere yakawira muGungwa reMediterranean, nhatu mamwe akawira musha Palomares. Nokuda akaparirwa detonator guta rose noutachiona plutonium. Last pamutemo hauitirwi mutsaona yakaitika panguva mhenderekedzo Groenland muna 1968, apo yokupisa ndege haina kusvika Banga uye yakadonha kusvikira pasi bay. Somugumisiro, mashoko utachiona yaiva nzvimbo nhanhatu mativi makiromita.

Recent okunatsiridza

Kubva muna 1956 kusvika 1983, isu akasika okunatsiridza shanu. Series "B-52D" wakapiwa uwandu 101 ndege. In dzino, isu Wakafupisa keel uye nani sighting gadziriro. Munyaya inotevera update - E - akasunungura ndege chete zana. It akasimbiswa bapiro. Uyezve, vagadziri ndakagadza midziyo unokubvumira kubhururuka yakaderera altitudes. More mafuta-vakarongeka injini ave kuiswa pane akatevedzana F, raisanganisira 89 ndege. Mumwe wavo akava tsaona mugumo. Muna 1961, panguva yechiitwa vaishandiswa zvimiso kurwisa murwi ndege dzinoti "B-52F". The murwi mutyairi chikanganiso airamba ari chombo ndokupfura pasi rimwe bhomba. All nhengo nhatu rakarira akafa. Pashure pechiitiko ichi, ndege akabvisa vane muviri kwakadaro.

Nhamba huru chombo vakauya chinotevera munhevedzano "B-52". Ndege nadzurudzo G wakabudiswa uwandu 193 zvimedu kwemakore mana kubva 1958. Traction Injini akanga yakawedzera matani 6.34, zvakawanda capacious ndege chinotsva Matangi akawedzerwa. The wokupedzisira dzakatevedzana - N - yakabereka kusvikira 1962, 102 chete vakabuda ndege. Traction Motors kare Kunoumbwa matani 7,71. mafuta kunyatsoshanda yakawedzera ndege rwendo 2.7 zviuru makiromita -. kusvika 16.7 zviuru makiromita .. ndege ino akaisa nyika zvinyorwa nhamba ndege maawa pasina refueling :. 20.17 zviuru makiromita akanga kukunda maawa 22 uye 9 maminitsi. Uye muna 2006, izvi nadzurudzo chombo nendege nomwe o'clock pamusoro chakaita zvokugadzirwa mafuta.

Kubva muna 1965 kusvika 1984 ndege dzinotevedzana B / C / D / F "B-52" vakanga pamudyandigere US Army. With pakupera kweHondo Yemashoko zvaizoita kuti kuparara Soviet Union, vakanga kubviswa yetsiva basa. Saka 1992 hondo akasiya 159 chombo okunatsiridza G uye H. The urongwa mumunda maoko kubva Russia kwakaguma zvachose rutapudzo pamusoro Ndege izvi. Muna 2008, vasara H-Series michina akatangawo kuderedza. Panguva ino mune hondo dzaiva 68 chombo, izvo zvichava mubasa kusvikira 2040. Kungava kuti ndege iyi ichava Champions kwenguva ya kushandiswa. Ndege vaiitawo zvinenge zvose US musazonetsanazve zvechiuto.

zvinoitwa

"B-52" - jeti inokosha bhomba, vakapakata injini masere. Iye piloted nhengo nhanhatu rakarira. Pakati dzinokosha unhu aigona kunzi ari mapapiro chiri 56,39 metres, mumwe Hull - 49,05 metres Height - 12.4 mamita. tora-kure uremu matani 221,5 akanga kubudirira pamwe rokupedzisira nadzurudzo. Kubatanidza neimwe injini ndiyo matani 7,71. Distance dispersal of ndege akaenzana 2,9 thous. M. The kunonyanyisa nokukurumidza kuti anovandudza bhomba iri 1013 km / h. It ane nharaunda rehondo muna 7730 makiromita.

On bhodhi chombo chinoita zvokukandwa akatasva matanhatu-barreled 20-mm kanoni, riri shure ndege. "Mhepo Castle" akagadzirirwa kurwisa mutoro matani anosvika 31.5 pakati mabhomba. Mukuwedzera, chombo chinoita zvokukandwa iri vakagadzirira pamwe zvikuru ano midziyo kuti vabudirire mufambiro zvigadzirwa muhondo. Kunyanya, midziyo akatasva payo tisare ruzha uye kukanganiswa, hundi uye midziyo michini misungo.

Kwekutanga gore rino, US machinda vakaparadzira mashoko pamusoro mushanduro itsva "B-52". Bhomba, iyo dzinoratidzwa hurongwa Reset pfungwa nokukanda chete pamusoro zvokunze chipfuramabwe anoshongwa, vava kukwanisa aine "akangwara" hurongwa. Sezvinogona kuoneka kubva pamutemo nembiru, munitions zvakarurama-kutungamirirwa zvino kuiswa bhomba bay. Kuisa itsva kuchawedzera inogona ndege dzinenge 50%. Uyezve, huchabvisa nemabhomba "akangwara" kubva zvokunze kuturika, izvo zvinoderedza huni kudyiwa ne 15%, uyewo rubatsiro kuti tirambe zvakavanzika mashoko pamusoro muvengi, izvo zvombo achava bhomba.

A chibvumirano aikosha mamiriyoni 24.6 emadhora, Boeing akagamuchira pakutanga gore rapera. Zvinonzi aronga kuti itsva vachaparadzwa mubasa kare 2016. Uyewo mune zvirongwa nemauto kuchinja "B-52" pasi drones.

Aviation "Vanasekuru"

American "Bed uye-52" - the bhomba, uyo kubva pazuva kuvapo rokutanga kuramba yakaenzaniswa neSoviet inokosha ndege mukirasi iwoyu Tu-95. Nyanzvi vemauto avhiyesheni, vose ndege chakazonzi "sekuru ndege kure." Both michina vakaitwa Air Force zvose munyika kwemakore anopfuura 60, kuwana kugara mazuvaano. Russian aikwikwidza US mauto anonzi, sezvazvakafanira banal, nebere. Gakava pamusoro ane motokari iri nani, uye vamwe zviratidzo, kusvikira nhasi. Nyanzvi Military dzinoti kuti ndege zvose zvave-shanduka nzira kubva nyore kusvika inokosha chombo bhomba. Michina akafanana uye nezvimwe zvinhu, somuenzaniso, zvose ndege siyana kwazvo zviuru gumi makiromita. Uyezve, ndima yomuvengi kunoitwa nevanhu michina chero chimiro, kwete kunyange achirurama mutsetse sangano. Panguva iyoyowo, ichimhanya zvikuru anovandudza American "B-52". Bhomba zvichienzaniswa Tu-95 Inowedzera chiuru. Km / h, kufadza nokukurumidza "chitunha" rinosvika 850 km / h.

Zvisinei, pane vakawanda unhu uhwo mumhuri motokari iri nani zvikuru pane ayo mhiri kwemakungwa vorongerwa. parameters izvi, zvikurukuru, anorondedzera Higher kushanda michini - kanenge kaviri. Maererano nenyanzvi, pamwe kutiza-siyana 10-12 zviuru. Km of US bhomba "B-52" inopedzera matani 160-170 pakati avhiyesheni huni, ukuwo Russian ndege panguva iyoyo kure achatora matani 80 chete.

Domestic nyanzvi zvehondo uye unflattering nezvevakuru injini. Maererano navo, mukana Tu-95 nhema chokwadi kuti zvose zvina injini vakapakata pakaunda-kutenderera screws. Saka, rakavimbika dzinopa mumhuri chombo vatakuri ukuru pamusoro "B-52". US bhomba vakapakata michini vasere, asi vauye yakawanda matambudziko uye vane panzvimbo simba unongotaura. Maererano nenyanzvi, runoratidzwa kurasikirwa mhiri kwemakungwa nemauto mhepo dzakabatana. Saka, tinoziva kuti kubva 740 rakapa akamukumikidza kuti kuhondo motokari, vakakwanisa kurasikirwa 120 ndege. Uyezve, kwaiva vokuAmerica bhomba "B-52" aita kurasikirwa anoverengeka yenyukireya mabhomba, hazvina nanhasi. Vamwe vanoti mabhomba zvakanga zvarasika munharaunda Groenland uye kumhenderekedzo Portugal.

Subtleties kuti chombo michina

Muchiuto kunyika dzose, uye kunyanya zvikuru masimba akadai Russia uye US, ndiyo vaburitsi kupfuura zvombo, basa dzisina, uye dzimwe nguva mune akazaruka makwikwi. Aviation - iyi ndiyo imwe nzvimbo tinyanye makwikwi. Mambo kudenga - chii chaigona kuva nomukurumbira kuti uto basa? Russian uye American Ndege vanogara tichienzanisa. Somuenzaniso, vokuAmerica vanogara aripo umboo kutsigira akakwirira michina yavo pamusoro mumhuri chombo uye bhomba mutoro anenge kanoverengeka.

Nyanzvi Russian vari kurerekera kubata dzinofunga dzakadaro kusava nechokwadi. Nyanzvi Military kuona chikonzero mirawo kuvimba nevamwe mubato, sezvo mashoko aya anoshandiswa ive midziyo evanhu. Kana tinotaura kururamisira, asi vashandi wavarwi ane zvizere nepfungwa kuwanda kwepfuti mungarava ake. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti nyika guru yenyukireya warhead kwaiva kukanda chinhu Russian ndege. Power kwakadonha mabhomba equaled 50 mln. Matani TNT, Nokufema panguva kuedza katatu rakatenderedzwa Nyika. Zvaipomerwa vakakandwa kure pamusoro munharaunda New Earth.

Amuka madota

"B-52" - bhomba (. Photos, ona) vachadzoka kuhondo pakati Air Force of America. Mashoko ichi kuparadzira pakutanga March 2015. Mukurwa shure misara "B-52H", nezita "Ghost Rider" (Ghost Rider), zvakanyorwa kure makore manomwe apfuura. Akasunungurwa muna 1962 uye rakapedzwa ake ruchibhururuka basa muna 2008. Kubvira ipapo, ndakava muTucson (Arizona) pamusoro anonzi ndege pamakuva. Mwari akaronga kuti kutsiva ukama muchina zvakafanana. Repair ndege akatora inoverengeka. Iye zvinobudirira apfuura ndege nemiedzo, umo aifamba vanopfuura zviuru 1,6. Km. Pashure paizvozvo, akanga akamira panzvimbo pabhesi muLouisiana. Pano kugadzira rakapera uye wokupedzisira.

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti muUnited States nhoroondo uto ndiyo nguva yokutanga kuti decommissioned "B-52" anodzokera chiito kurwisana hurongwa. Sematsananguriro vamiririri Air Force, ichatsiva chete ndege, izvo Akapisa pahwaro kugadziriswa kwayo kwaizoda mari zvikuru anodhura.