Atomic 420 mm dhaka 2B1 "Oka": Magadzirirwo

Nhoroondo inorema-basa atirari zvombo zvehondo izere kunyara uye curiosities. Muna Moscow Kremlin chinomiririrwa edu nhoroondo kukwezvana - the chamber Cannon, basa uri kuzvikudza smelters Russian. Munhu wose anoziva kuti, pasinei mifananidzo kukwana vaurayiwe, ndiko zano guru kumbobvira vanogumurwa. Pane mimwe mienzaniso zvombo, akashamiswa zvikuru ukuru asi aiva dubious zvinoshanda. Mumwe anogona kushumira somunhu mabhomba dhaka 2B1 "Oka". Kusiyana chevaux Cannon, raishandiswa chinangwa chahwo, asi chete panguva landfill.

Atirari uye megalomania

Huge atirari pfuti vave vachitevera tsika chave "madiro" chiGerman wokudzora. Muna March 1917, Wehrmacht wakabhombwa Paris, vachishandisa guru-caliber kumberi pfuti. Vagari Vokusingaperi City aisatarisira kurwisa zvakadaro, mutsetse pamberi yaiva kure. The French, akavapindurawo, akavaka pfuti dzavo hombe, uye mumakore 30 yokugadza navo kuzvidzivirira Maginot Line. VokuGermany akaatora pakutanga kweHondo Yenyika II uye nokuda (the kusakara) nguva refu akaedzwa mikombe. Ushande pokumuka zvishandiso anokwanisa kununura rinorema zvombo kuti makiromita 100 kana kupfuura, akaita muBritain uye USSR. The mugumisiro pokushandisa izvi zvikara yaiva tsika izvozvo zvaikosha. Huru mutariri kundoviga pasi matambudziko uye hombodo pasi Ukobvu pasina kukonzera kukuvara zvikuru. Zvinhu zvakachinja pashure chitarisiko zvombo zvenyukireya.

Nei tichida zvenyukireya mumaturi ari muchadenga zera?

Masayendisiti vaishanda pamusoro mabhomba bhambu, chikuru dambudziko iri kutanga kwekupwanyiwa tsvakurudzo. Mhosva aifanira kuridza kumusoro, kana kuti kuratidza kubudirira dzokurwa itsva? Asi pano muna Nevada murenje yokutanga "howa" wamuka panyika, uye vakasvika mubvunzo akasimuka sei achironga kuvhomora zvizere simba cheni maitiro kwenyukireya panguva anokumhan'arira musoro. The mimwe vokutanga vaiva chaizvo rinorema, uye zvakatora nguva yakawanda kuderedza yavo uremu kuti zvinogamuchirika tsika. "Fat" kana "mwana" aigona kutakura kambani "Boeing" inokosha bhomba B-29. Mumakore 50 Soviet Union akava Zvisinei ane simba chombo pakukurukura zvinoreva kuwanikwa,, rakakomba drawback. IDB kwakagonesa kuparadzwa nhovo huru iri kupfuura simba uye muvengi mukuru, United States, kunyanya kupiwa pasina kwakakwana munguva Anti-chombo zvinhu. Asi nechisimba atadza aigona kuva vakagadzirira Western Europe, asi inokosha ballistic zvombo, pane muganhu shoma nharaunda. Hondo theorists vakafunga nezvenyu kuti zvakawanda zvinoita chikare atirari.

American zvokuita uye Soviet norudaviro

The Soviet Union yakanga isiri initiator kuti atirari maoko rudzi, kwakatanga vokuAmerica. Muchirimo 1953, muna Nevada landfill French rwenze yokutanga T-131 pfuti pena akanga adzingwa basa, daro kuti vakatumira renyukireya chombo caliber kuti 280 mm. projectile ndege yakatora mumasekonzi 25. Works pamusoro chishamiso ichi ruzivo vaitova makore mashomanana, uye nokudaro, Soviet kufarira US danho anogona kunzi nonoka. Muna November 1955, USSR Council of Vashumiri kwakasimbiswa chisarudzo (zvakavanzika), maererano izvo Kirov Plant uye Kolomna Machine-Building SKB akarayira kusika ivhu maviri atirari zvombo: pfuti (izvo akapiwa coded zita "capacitor-2P") uye dhaka 2B1 "Oka". The backlog zvaifanira kukurirwa.

The mashoko panotaurwa aikosha kunzwisisa

Weight muripo renyukireya inoramba kumusoro. Pamberi akagadzira chikwata inotungamirwa CSC Bi Shavyrina aiva rakaoma: kusika muduri inokwanisa zashvyrnut nomuviri kurema 750 makirogiramu ari chinhambwe kusvikira 45 makiromita. Pane uye zvakarurama parameters, kunyange sezvo inoomesera kana vachiridzira projectiles nenyunje. Pfuti chaiva nhaka imwe kuvimbwa, kuvimbisa imwe nhamba kurira kwepfuti, kunyange mumamiriro ezvinhu ose hondo yenyukireya (kunyange zvishoma), zvirokwazvo kugona pfuura rimwe-digit nhamba. Mufambo - a fanira mamiriro, munhu mira pfuti muvengi pashure pehondo akatanga anenge anosimbiswa kuparadza. Chassis Kutarisira vakava vashandi fekitari, Kirov vashandi kubva Leningrad. Chokwadi chokuti dhaka 2B1 "Oka" vachava huru, zvaiva pachena pakarepo, kunyange pamberi pakatanga kugadzirwa kwayo.

chassis

Kirov Plant aiva akapfuma chiitiko kuvaka rakasiyana Crawler chassis, asi nokukosha kugadzwa zvokusarudza, yakanga kumisa nguva ino, akaenda chisingakwanisi kutsanangurwa zvose zvinobvira kusvikira. Kunyange zvakadaro, mashoko vagadziri basa, zvarwo, dzakakunda. The kupfuura simba panguva IP-tangi 5 (ainziwo IP-10 uye T-10) somutariri "anyatsoronga", kupa "vanoramba 273" powerplant, mwoyo yaiva turbocharged Diesel B 12-6B inokwana 750 litres. a. Aine mutoro yakadaro kunyange ichi rinorema basa injini aihuitira upenyu basa, ichipa kuchengeterwa vana? Km 200 chete (mugwagwa). Kunyange zvakadaro, unyanzvi simba yakanga yakawanda, mumwe savi muchina zvakatanga "mabhiza" anenge 12 unokubvumira kuramba chinogamuchirwa zvakakwana mberi, kunyange zvishomanana. Nokuti 2B1 "Oka" uye "Capacitor-2P" bogies akagadzira yunifomu, kwete chete nokuda zvinobatsira Standardization, asiwo chokwadi kuti hapana ane simba kusika panguva iyoyo zvakanga hazvitomboiti. Road mavhiri akashongedzerwa nomumwe torsion danda dampers.

420 mm dhaka 2B1 "Oka" uye nehunde yawo

The hunde ane anoyevedza saizi. The vachizvitakudza akanga rinoitwa breech, pa makumi maviri metres urefu yakasiyana nzira kwakanga kusingadiwi. mano All kudzikinurwa hazviiti simba yamboshandiswa kunyange superheavy pfuti iyi yakanga shoma chaizvo richibatsira. Atomic 420 mm dhaka 2B1 "Oka" haana hunde slicing, ayo mwero yakasvika vaitenderera 12 paawa, izvo nokuti ichi caliber pfuti chinhu chakarurama yakanaka chaizvo. Huru damper rollback vakashumira muviri chaiwo muchina, sloths nezvimwe chassis zvinoriumba.

kuratidzira

On kufora mhiri guru muchina aiva mumwe chete munhu - mutyairi. Mumwe nhanhatu, kusanganisira mutungamiri kukarukureta, vakatevera dhaka 2B1 "Oka" muimba warrior motokari kana zvimwe motokari. On paredhi mukukudza musi unoenderana October Revolution muna 1957, motokari yakasvika pashure pokunge vakapfuura zvose miedzo. Nokufamba kwavo kwakaratidza dzakawanda kugadzira zvaunokanganisa, akanga ari kupfuura hurongwa. Pamberi vashamisika correspondents mapepanhau vavatorwa nemagazini majestically grated kuzvidzora propelled dhaka 2B1 "Oka", uye mushamarari nomufaro akazivisa pachena pamusoro revarwi basa cyclopean chikara. Havasi nyanzvi zvose muchiuto vakatenda chokwadi inomirirwa Somuenzaniso, kunyange zvinofungwa vakaridza kuti chinhu unyengeri. Nevamwe vaongorori vakatenda anotyisa chimiro chiridzwa ichi uye nyore vakanonga rwiyo kujairana pamusoro Soviet uto kutyisidzira. Uye vose vari vaviri vakanga vari pachavo kodzero dzavo. 420-mm kuzvidzora propelled dhaka 2B1 "Oka" pane zvikuru chaiyo, uye kunyange akaita zvakawanda yomuedzo kwepfuti. Mumwe mubvunzo chokuita ayo mukurumari uye chaidzo kuda.

mugumisiro

55-tani muchina chavaigona kwete zambuko ose, chete makore matatu pashure muenzaniso musi Red Square rakabviswa basa. Kuedza kupedza prototypes mana dhaka 2B1 "Oka" vakanga kwakaregwa 1960 zvikonzero zvikuru zviviri. Chokutanga, chassis hurongwa havasi kuchengeta monstrous mitoro vasangana panguva hazviiti achisunda yose muchini mamita mashanu shure, nezviyero zvose kuti avasimbise havana kupa mhinduro. Pamuganhu nemagadzirirwo chiwanikwa simba uchiripo. Chechipiri, panguva paiva tactical chombo vatakuri vane kuita nani zvikuru uye zvakaisvonaka maneuverability. Sezvaunoziva, kuti chitundumuseremusere anotora kure pasina kudzoka, naizvozvo, kuti zvinoda ayo launcher zvikuru mwero. Paiva neimwe chinhu kukanganiswa mugumo uyu akasiyana chokushandisa. Atomic 420-mm dhaka 2B1 "Oka" kukudyira kuti bhajeti inodhura kwazvo, uye apedza rakanga kujeka chaizvo tarisiro. izvi zvose vakabatsira ndechokuti motokari kubva muchikwata che yepamusoro zvombo zvehondo vakawira mumitauro Museum Exhibits, achiwedzera kuti ndandanda curiosities zvechiuto.