Aruminiyamu muchiso: mifananidzo, zvivako uye mafomu

Nhasi, aruminiyamu rinoshandiswa munenge zvose maindasitiri, kubvira kugadzirwa kwezvokudya madhishi uye anopera pakusikwa fuselages of musere musere. Nokuti izvi kana nemamwe maitiro kugadzira vari yakakodzera chete vamwe mamakisi ose aruminiyamu iyo vane zvakananga physicochemical ehupfumi. The chikuru ehupfumi the simbi - mukuru chafariz conductivity, ductility, uye plasticity, ngura nemishonga, chiedza uremu uye pasi ohmic nemishonga. Vari zvakananga zvinoenderana chikamu nouipi kwayo sezvamunoita, uyewo zvemichina kuti kugadzirwa kana vapfume. Nokudaro, yoga makuru muchiso aruminiyamu.

mhando aruminiyamu

pezvitsiga All nesimbi zvinorondedzerwa uye dzinyorwe chete hurongwa vakaziva nemitemo yenyika dzakawanda: European EN, American ASTM International uye ISO. In nyika yedu aruminiyamu hachizi kunorondedzerwa GOST 11069 uye 4784. Mune magwaro ose aruminiyamu uye ayo alloys vanoonekwa yoga. Kana simbi iyi pacharo rakakamurwa zvidzidzo uye alloys zvisingataurwi zvakananga runotsanangurwa zviratidzo.

Maererano nenyika uye dzakawanda zvinodiwa zvinofanira musiyano mhando mbiri microstructure unalloyed aruminiyamu:

• soro kuchena chete chikamu vanopfuura 99,95%;
• zvekushandisa mugwaro, rine anenge 1% marara uye yokuvirisa.

Sezvo netsvina simbi nesilicon yeimwe vaiona kakawanda. In yemarudzi ISO mutemo aruminiyamu ayo alloys dzinounzwa imwe yoga mujenya.

aruminiyamu muchiso

Technical zvinhu mhando rakakamurwa zvimwe mamakisi, izvo basa kune runoenzanirana mitemo, semuenzaniso AD0 maererano GOST 4784-97. Muna kupatsanura chinosanganisira simbi pamatunhu frequencies kuti varege kusika kuvhiringidzika. Specification Izvi zvinosanganisira zvinotevera pezvitsiga:

1. Primary (A5, A95, A7E).
2. Technical (AD1, AD000, DT).
3. The deformable (AMg2, D1).
4. Foundry (VAL10M, AK12pch).
5. Nokuti deoxidizing simbi (AV86, AV97F).

Uyezve voga uye ligatures Mapato - aruminiyamu yeimwe zvinoshandiswa kugadzira alloys zvendarama, sirivha, Platinum uye dzimwe simbi dzinokosha.

chikuru aruminiyamu

Primary aruminiyamu (A5 mark) - chaiwo muenzaniso boka iri. Zvinonzi zvinoberekwa huchiita alumina. Zvakasikwa, chicherwa zvayo yakachena chimiro hakuitiki nokuda kwayo yakakwirira reactivity. Unobatanidza vamwe zvinhu, anoumba bauxites, nepheline uye alunite. Zvadaro, ores aya alumina, uye kubva ipapo achibatsirwa zvakaoma makemikari omuviri pezvakaitwa - yakachena aruminiyamu.

GOST 11069 Inosimbisa zvinodiwa kuti zvidzidzo chinonyanya aruminiyamu, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti nokushandisa kutwasuka uye zvido zvevanhu micheka yakatsemurwa mavara akasiyana uye asingazodzimwi. Izvi zvinhu wakawana kushandiswa kwakapararira munzvimbo yepamusoro maindasitiri sectors, kunyanya apo yakatsvuka zvinhu zvinoda kumusoro rwokugadzira maitiro.

zvekushandisa aruminiyamu

Technical akadana aruminiyamu zvinhu ine chikamu dzimwe nyaya asingasviki 1%. Kakawanda izvozvo Anonziwo undoped. Technical alumina mugwaro GOST 4784-97 vane simba shoma chaizvo asi yakakwirira ngura nemishonga. Nokuda asipo ari Kuronga alloying simbi nezvimedu pamusoro pemvura nokukurumidza kuumbwa unodzivirira oxide firimu iri akatsiga. Stamps siyana hwokugadzira aruminiyamu uye yakanaka chafariz uye magetsi conductivity. In zvavo samolecular yekamuri hapana netsvina izvo chaizvo kuvaparadzira maerekitironi chokubuda. Nokuda ehupfumi izvi, mashoko zvinowanzoshandiswa zvishandiso, iri kugadzirwa kudziyisa uye kupisa Exchange midziyo, chiedza nyaya.

akasonerapo aruminiyamu

Zvinoreva akasonerapo aruminiyamu zvinhu, izvo pasi inopisa uye kutonhora kushanda: tikaisa, kurovererwa, nokupfura uye mamwe marudzi. Somugumisiro, epurasitiki deformation kwayo vakawana semifinished zvakasiyana longitudinal chikamu: aruminiyamu tsvimbo, jira, ubvise, ndiro, uye dzimwe profiles. Major muchiso deformable zvinhu zvaishandiswa zvipfuwo kugadzira, akarongwa mu mitemo: GOST 4784, OCT1 92014-90, OCT1 90048 uye OCT1 90026. A maitiro chepfungwa akaremara feedstock ndiyo yakasimba mhinduro maumbirwo rurefu zviri eutectic - nemvura danho iri zvakanyatsoenzana pamwe maviri kana kupfuura chakasimba mamiriro.

Makuriro deformable aruminiyamu sezvo rimwe apo vakashandisa aruminiyamu shamhu, ndizvo chaizvo rakakura. Rinoshandiswa munzvimbo yaida dzakakwirira hwokugadzira zvechadenga mashoko - iri boat- uye mhepo, uye pamusoro kuvaka nzvimbo sezvo chiwanikwa nomoto.

aruminiyamu foundry

Foundry mugwaro aruminiyamu inoshandiswa pagadzirwe shaped nyaya. Dzinonyanya chinhu kunosanganisira simba mukuru chaiwo uye pasi arambe achirema, izvo zvinoita kuti vakakanda zvinhu maumbirwo zvakaoma pasina cracking walnut.

Maererano zvavo vachikanda mavanga vari mapoka mapoka;

1. Rakanamatidzwa zvinhu (AL2, AL9, AL4M).
2. Zvinhu dzakakwirira simba uye kupisa nemishonga (AL 19, AL5, AL33).
3. Zvinhu dzakakwirira ngura nemishonga.

Kakawanda, chokupika zvigadzirwa zvakagadzirwa aruminiyamu Kudzingwa kuvandudza-siyana kupisa kurapwa.

Deoxidation aruminiyamu

Madzidziro kugadzirwa zvinhu uye simba rine ehupfumi kuti aruminiyamu chaiko. Uye kushandisa yakaderera-mugiredhi mhando emashoko haringorevi pakusika zvenguva zvigadzirwa. Kakawanda rinoshandiswa kuti deoxidation kuti simbi - achibvisa okisijeni kubva yakaumbwa simbi iyo unoparara mariri uye pakudaro runogonesa kuti zvemaziso ehupfumi ari simbi. Kuti aite muitiro uyu, kupfuura inowanzoshandiswa AV86 mugiredhi uye AV97F.