April 15 - Day kwezvinhu zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza ruzivo. zororo History

Ngozi zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza njodzi - mumwe yose matambudziko evanhu. Nhema pamusoro hariperi zviwanikwa, pragmatic atinoitwa zvose zvipenyu zvose makaisa kuvapo vanhu, mhuka uye zvinomera mungozi. Achiziva ngozi yacho ezvinhu, nenhengo UN muna 1992 akasimbisa vaitamba mutambo musi: April 15 - Day kwezvinhu zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza ruzivo.

Chii ikoroji?

Ecology (kubva muchiGiriki "sayenzi nzvimbo.") - kudzidza nekuita dzevanhu nevamwe vanhu, zvakatipoteredza. Uyewo secrete ikoroji kwevanhu, izvo inodzidza yevagari matambudziko, utano nemafungiro homo sapiens, dzevanhu nezvaanogona.

kwezvakatipoteredza ruzivo

Inonzi zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza kuziva zvivako, marudzi akasiyana-siyana zvinhu uye mananara zvakasikwa. Izvi zvinoreva hapana pfungwa sei kuvaka mhenyu, zvinenge muwande, uye kutsvaka Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri nzira kuchengetedza nokuvapo akanaka ezvinhu ose vagere panyika.

ruzivo Basic kwezvakatipoteredza anodiwa nomumwe wedu kudzidza kudzivirira zvakatipoteredza. Ndokusaka musi 15 April, zuva zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza ruzivo - musi kuti kuhupenyu vanhu vose panyika.

Kukura ikoroji sechinhu sainzi

Chinyakare nomunhu akarangarira achizviti chikamu nyika zvachose novimba okunze, saka akamanikidzwa kutarisa kuitika, kuita zvokutanga kunanga. ruzivo yokutanga pamusoro mapatani kuitika zvakasikwa vasina chesayenzi, asi pave kupona kwevanhu. Vakapararira zvinhu zvishoma nezvishoma rakavapo kupinda hurongwa.

Zvinechinangwa kuongorora venyama zvakatanga munyika yekare. Wokutanga tsime, inotaura upenyu hove, mhuka, shiri, vakava mabasa Aristotle, "History of Animals". Munyori anoteerera kuti ukama upenyu hama dzedu muduku zvakavapoteredza. nyaya idzi dziri nechokuita nemabasa Theophrastus uye Pliny Mukuru.

Zvikuru adzidze kwezvakatipoteredza yakatanga muna Renaissance. Masayendisiti uchipinda vakaongorora nemiti uye Fauna of yechizvarigo, dzimwe nyika, akazaruka vafambi zvikuru. Yokutanga zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza kuedza kufanorongwa Robert Boyl. Chinangwa kudzidza kwaiva kuziva mugumisiro mumhepo kumanikidzwa munzira youpenyu emhuka.

Gare gare, vasisanetswi kwezvakatipoteredza zvikonzero pamusoro zvinenge vakadzidza kubudikidza Carl Linnaeus, Buffon, JB Lamarck, masayendisiti ari Russian Academy of Sciences. Shoko rokuti "ikoroji" yakatanga wakatangwa na Ernst Haeckel. Sezvo zivo yakazvimirira esayenzi ikoroji rakaumbwa pakutanga XX remakore. Pakuzadzisa dzidziso muviri nekuita kwezvakatipoteredza chokuita mazita KA Timiryazeva VV Dokuchaeva F. Clemens, VN Sukachev.

Sayenzi kuva nzira itsva VI Vernadsky. The musayendisiti akasuma pfungwa "noosphere", iro rinoreva mamiriro biosphere, yakaumbwa pasi pokudzora mupfungwa basa vanhu. The kukonzera pakuzadzisa upenyu Panyika anova pfungwa, iro ushandiswe kugadzirisa "vapenyu hamvuropu" pamusoro nyika nokuda kwevanhu.

zvinetso zvemhoteredzo vakatanga kufungisisa mukati sixties remakore rechimakumi maviri. Makumi emakore gare gare, zvakatanga kupemberera Zuva ruzivo zvakatipoteredza. Muenzaniso 15 April (vakatozodzokera mazita) masangano kuva pachavo.

zviyero

Kubvira muna 1996, basa racho "Mazuva kudzivirira zvakatikomberedza kubva kwezvakatipoteredza ngozi" anotanga ose gore muRussia. Vanosarudzwa ngavasununguke kunotanga April 15. Day kwezvakatipoteredza Kuziva panguva mabasa sezvo zuva kekutanga.

Inenge mwedzi miviri nevadzidzi vakaperekedza hurukuro uye makirasi dzinobatsira kwezvakatipoteredza kukoshesa. Students vanodzivirira yepanyama nhoroondo mapurojekiti, kuronga kuratidzira, kufamba zvipenyu nzira, kushanyira dzinochengetwa mhuka, Nhepfenyuro kuti vaduku zvakasikwa, mhuka tsvene. Vanhu vakuru vachitaura panguva Misangano uye misangano, mushumo pamusoro Implementation wehurumende mapurogiramu zvakatipoteredza. Saka, April 15 (Ecological Knowledge Day) muna Smolensk Zoo kunotanga zvidzidzo pamusoro unoti "Murume Nature". Agency mudonzvo vanowanzotevedzera aumbe ari chizvarwa chevechiduku kunzwisisa kuti vanhu - chete kuva vanokwanisa kudzivisa dambudziko. The zvaitika chomusangano vari kuenda vadzidzisi uye mudonzvo tsika.

No zvishoma kunakidza zuva rinopfuura zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza ruzivo (15 April) pachikoro. Teachers iyi kuunganidza vadzidzi pamusoro maawa kirasi, anoiswa zvipenyu zvidzidzo, kuronga zviitiko, ronga tenzi makirasi pakuita birdhouses, muti pakudyara, zvakachena-kumusoro, kupa kuedza mwero kufarira kuponesa nyika.

Pazuva kwezvakatipoteredza ruzivo (15 April) mabasa yaitwa kuti kuumba vanhu ecocentric mhando chavanoziva. In XIX-XX Art. kufunga masayendisiti uye vagari vanhuwo vakanga anthropocentric. Ukama zvakatipoteredza apo kupindirana zvinotaura hunhu IS Turgenev pamusoro pezvakaita, vatori, uye munhu-mushandi. In zvakaita zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza ruzivo rwoupenyu hwomunhu anonzi haana mumaonero "chii kunondipa kwezvakatipoteredza", uye maererano matambiro anowirirana nevamwe zvisikwa, kuti zvose zvakanga zvakanaka.

zvipenyu Zvaifungidzirwa

Achiziva ngozi ane zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza dambudziko, nhamba sainzi pave nezvezviitiko zvakasiyana okukura upenyu Panyika. Munhu anofunga kuti remangwana yebudiriro achava nevanhu zvachose. Mumwe pedyo pfungwa dzisiri tsvina kugadzirwa, vakaomerwa kudyiwa mari, ubanguranyika vamwe muchadenga. Pasinei siyana, vanamazvikokota vakawanda vanobvumirana pane chimwe chinhu: hazvibviri kugadzirisa zvinhu pasina greening ruzivo, minda webasa uye mararamiro ari munhu.

The biosphere achava pasina vanhu, kuvapo homo sapiens pasina biosphere hazviiti. Izvi zvinofanira kuyeukwa April 15 (Ecological Knowledge Day), uyewo mamwe mazuva ose egore.

Global zvirongwa

Kokutanga iri yemarudzi kwezvakatipoteredza zvirongwa taitaura muna 1972 pagungano musangano pasi UN auspices mu Stockholm. Rakava wokutanga pose Monitoring Project. Monitoring of yakachena mvura, masango, neeSultan gomo, magwenga uye zvichingodaro. D. rinoitwa pazviteshi pose.

Kubvira muna 1986, zvakanga anoshanda International Geosphere-Biosphere Program, zvirongwa kusanganisira tsanangudzo nemamiriro okunze, mitemo kwemakemikari uye nokukanganisika urongwa, kuongorora mararamiro mukukurukurirana. Kunyatsomuteerera anopiwa kuti zviri biocenoses vekare uye kufungidzira. Zvibereko mushandirapamwe pakati nyanzvi dzokununura kubva munyika dzakasiyana kunotungamirira yakanaka.