Ancient Greek lyric nyanduri Anacreon: Biography, okugadzira zvinhu

Lyrics Anacreon, pasinei nokuti nyanduri akararama BC, richiri rakachengetedzwa, uye kunyange nevanhu. Tisingatauri chokwadi kuti rekare munyori wechiGiriki kukanganiswa kukura munyika mabhuku muitiro. Pamusoro Biography uye basa murume anoshamisa uye tichataura munyaya.

Anacreon: Biography

About nomudetembi huru upenyu zvishoma zvinozivikanwa. Akazvarwa Anakreon (Anakreon) munenge 570 BC. e. muguta Teos, riri pamhenderekedzo Ionia. zvinyorwa zvakasiyana kupa mazita akasiyana nababa vake: Eumelus, Aristokrit, Skifian, Parfeny ... Oh mai Anacreon hapana chinyorwa hwaponeswa.

Muguta rino, mudetembi akararama kusvikira anenge 545 BC. e. uye kunyange aiva nguva kuva nomukurumbira kuti nziyo dzacho. Asi vaPezhiya, vachitungamirirwa naKoreshi, akasvika nguva Teos. guta pamberi ndokuwa, Anacreon, uye vamwe vapoteri akatizira muThrace. Kutonga nezvinooneka mashoko ari munyori pachake, akava nomukana kuitawo zvimwe kurwa, asi kubudirira zvishoma haana kuratidzwa unyanzvi hondo.

Uchisangana Polycrates

Anacreon, ane Biography chaiva chinangwa chedu rondedzero, akakokwa paruvanze mudzvinyiriri Polycrates wokuSamos. Yaiva mwanakomana yakapfuma aristocrat Samosi vaiuya simba, rokunyengedza kuparadza anokudzwa Varidzi. Anacreon Polycrates akava chipangamazano uye akararama panguva dare rake makore 522 BC. e.

Maererano Herodotus, mudzvinyiriri Anacreon vakavimba uye akateerera zano rake. Sezviri pachena maererano nzvimbo mudetembi akanyora yakawanda laudatory odes kuti mutongi wake. Anacreon upenyu mudare Polycrates yakaguma pashure porufu.

Athens

Atene yakava rakatevera guta apo Anacreon akararama. Biography Nyanduri rinoti zvino akakokwa kudare mumwe anodzvinyirira - Hipparchus. mutongi uyu nhaka mabhuku predilections ababa vake, iro zvikuru aikoshesa okugadzira zvinhu Anacreon. Ndokusaka mudzvinyiriri anotumira munyori ane rekupinda rose, zvinosanganisira mashanu oared ngarava.

Anacreon anouya kuAtene uye tichiziva zvakawanda kunoshamisa vadetembi vakaungana padare Hipparchus. Pakati pavo paiva akakurumbira Simonides ipapo.

MuAtene, mudetembi ndiyo kwakabudirira zvikuru uye kwakakurumbira chaizvo pamwe veruzhinji. Saka, Anacreon aiva chifananidzo pamusoro Acropolis, pedyo nechigadziko shamwari yake uye vamwe vanyori Xanthippe. Pakati nguva coinage mhiri avo kuti ichifananidzwa Anacreon (akagara kana akamira nemaoko nembira).

Mune Sabine makomo Italy muna 1835 rawanikwa chifananidzo yekare, iyo yava achichengetwa Galleria Borghese. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti chivezwa ichi Anacreon.

mudetembi afa

Unknown nzvimbo chaiyo uye nguva, apo akazorora Anacreon. Biography romunyori rakada kubviswa pashure kupondwa Hipparchus uye kuparara mabhuku boka kuti vaungana vakamukomba. Ungangove, Anacreon akadzokera chizvarwa kuguta rake Teos, apo akafa akavigwa, maererano neuchapupu Simonides. Maererano kumwewo, mudetembi asati adzokera kumusha kwake, akashanyira chivanze Thessalian mambo Ehekratida, achiperekedzwa iri rwendo Simonides.

Anacreon anotaurwa pakati Greek centenarians. Maererano nouchapupu Lucian, imwe nyanzvi uye sahwira, mudetembi vakafa mumakore 85.

Pane anecdotal shanduro Anacreon afa, yakarondedzerwa Pliny Mukuru. Maererano naye, mudetembi akafa, kudzipwa pamusoro mbeu mazambiringa. Zvisinei, shanduro iyi haisi zvinoguma pakati dzakaitika.

zvisikwa

Zvakawanda zvinozivikanwa pamusoro nyanduri nebasa, sezvo vari mijenya mabasa ane vanyori vari Anacreon. nhetembo ake akanga akanyorwa reIonia rwechiHebheru uye akanga achida ruchaimbwa kana kudzokororwa, achiperekedzwa zviridzwa.

YaMakoronike taura mabhuku mashanu, wakagadzirirwa chikoro weArekizandiriya. Vatatu vokutanga vaisanganisira lyrical mabasa, wechina - kubva iambe, uye vokupedzisira - of elegiac. Zvinosuruvarisa, takanzwa zvimedu duku chete, anotaurwa mabhuku akazotevera vanyori.

Pakati Genres rakashandiswa Aristotle ari kunyora pamabasa ake aisanganisira:

• nziyo;
• Parfeny (choral nziyo kwakaitwa vakadzi);
• rudo nziyo;
• nhetembo-kugunun'una pamusoro kukurumidza kuuya kukwegura uye vechidiki, anopfuurawo;
• odes, zvikurukuru madzimambo sevasingafungi naye.

Themes uye motifs

The rekare nyanduri ari nhetembo yake yechiGiriki vanoomerera enyika, zvishoma achiseka inzwi. Pfungwa okugadzira zvinhu runoratidzwa muumwe Anacreon maonero enyika, ane chibhende maonero pachavo uye vamwe. Akanga mutorwa kune zvakadzama manzwiro uye chido. The chikuru vavariro nhetembo zvose - nokungwaririra kukudziridzwa The yakarongeka kufadzwa yepasi zvinhu: waini, rudo, freethinking.

Impact mabhuku nyika

Great simba pamusoro tsika nyika ine Anacreon. Verses Nyanduri chamuita kuti rose renyeredzi vateveri uye vatevedzeri, kunyanya munguva mukupera kare uye Renaissance uye Kujekerwa.

Saka, munguva dzekare Anacreotea muunganidzwa akasikwa, apo mabasa ose zvakanyorwa mukutevedzera Anacreon. chinyorwa ichi hwaponeswa uye rakashandurirwa kubva muchiLatin, uye gare gare yakabudiswa muna 1554. kusikwa kuunganidza Mikoko panguva chokuArekizandiria yaitonga. Hazvina sezvamunoita izvozvi Anacreon uye chikwereti chake mabhuku mukurumbira munyika yanhasi.

The kukurumbira Nyanduri muna 17-18 emakore. pakati vanyori nokuda psevdoanakreonticheskimi mabasa chete akadai European. In mabhuku Russian, vateveri Anacreon vanosanganisira G. R. Derzhavina, K. N. Batyushkova, M. V. Lomonosova, A. S. Pushkina.

Nokuti chii Anacreon vairemekedza vakachenjera

Zvechadenga Anacreon pasina kutonga kwake uyo aivapo mumarudzi mudetembi wacho, vaizova kukwana. Saka, vaGiriki Anacreon airemekedzwa kwete chete nokuda akanaka zvidavado, asiwo uchenjeri akaratidza zvine mwero. Pasinei rumbidzo nerudo mufaro waini yokunwa, mudetembi nguva dzose zvinoenderana nechiyero, uye chokwadi, uye mune imwe. Nokuda kwaizvozvi akakwanisa kuramba pfungwa yakajeka yainakidza, kunonakidza kutarira mano yakapoteredza chokwadi, pasina kupinda simba uye kunzwa kwakadzama. Ndokusaka nhetembo yake hapana zvikuru kudzika uye wakapfuma pfungwa, nokuti Anacreon upenyu - imhute chiedza uye isina basa inongoita chiito, azere kunonakidza uye mufaro. Nokudaro kudekara uye nyore ake achidetemba.

Gare gare vaGiriki vaiva Anacreon somunhu anofara murume mutana, uyo makore hakuiti kuvhiringidza kunakidzwa noupenyu. MuAtene, apo mudetembi akararama kwenguva refu, akaisa chifananidzo muchimiro vachiimba, kudziyirwa nomukuru waini.

anacreontics

Iri izwi rinoreva kuti mabhuku chimiro nhetembo achikudza zvose zvakadaro kwazvo Anacreon. Kureva, kunonakidza, kunakidzwa noupenyu, mufaro muupenyu, kudya, rudo. All kutevedzera vanyori vechiGiriki vekare inonzi anacreontics.

Zvisinei, nokuti kuti yepakutanga nhetembo Anacreon rakatiwira Chidimbu chimiro, mukuru simba pamusoro vateveri Greek mukuru akatotora ataurwa yedu muunganidzwa Anacreotea.

The mudetembi wechiGiriki chekare, saka, anooneka somunhu akashinga, akaramba achifara upenyu mukuru. saizvozvi kunoonekwa uye kudiwa vakararama panguva yake uye nezvizvarwa. Zvisinei, pasinei akadaro okurerutsa nemafungiro kuti chokwadi vakamupoteredza ari wokufananidzira nemabasa, Anacreon muupenyu, maererano neuchapupu vairarama, iye zvakasiyana pfungwa zvinoshamisa uye chakakomba mafungiro yokuva zvakadzama.