Anatomy womunhu mandible. Topographical anatomi pakati pameno okumusoro shaya

Pakati inokosha zvomukati womunhu muviri chinosanganisira kwemeno. Mumwe nomumwe wavo ane chaicho marongerwo uye anoita yakananga basa. Ndezvipi zino chinhu repamusoro yakatarwa kwemeno? Chii anatomi of mandible? Mune izvi nezvimwewo nyaya chokuita nemamiriro mazino, tinofanira kunzwisisa.

General ruzivo pamusoro mazino

In akura dzevanhu nemumuromo anowanzoita zvingava 28 kusvika 32 mazino. Ivo dzidzo chaiyo, vane kunzwisisa maumbirwo. Chikamu chinooneka nerimwe zino anonzi korona. Imwe yacho akaturikidzana ndiyo dentin - rakaoma calcified zvinhu kuti haana midziyo ropa. Kubva pamusoro zviri Coated zino enamel. It anoita somunhu anodzivirira yokunze nevamwe.

Zvakavanzika Chikamu zino - mudzi. It anoiswa mukati rusesi pakati rushaya, rinonzi Formação de. Panguva mudzi, zvakare, vane dentin. It anofukidza samende rukoko kuburikidza iyo zino akasungwa rusesi pakati shaya. Bone inotungamirwa mukati pulp mukamuri rinoumbwa tsinga, midziyo uye munyoro connective tishu.

Types uye mabasa kwemeno

Anatomy of mandible uye maxilla subdivides mapfupa inotungamirwa, izvo dziri mune nemumuromo mhango anoverengeka mhando:

• guru mudzi (molars);
• mberi (incisors);
• conical (canines);
• premolars (premolars).

Mazino kuita rinokosha mabasa. Chekutanga, dzinopa zvokuimba kubudiswa chikafu. Nokuda mazino vanhu chinogona kudya zvokudya. Chechipiri, izvi pfupa zvivako zvinobatanidzwa paumbwe kutaura. Navo vari vakaumba ruzha siyana. Chechitatu, meno chikamu achinyemwerera. Vatambe anokosha aesthetic basa.

Munogona kusarudza mabasa kuri mumashoko mumwe nomumwe zino. Vavezi vematombo iri pamberi dzaiita zvokutaurwa mhango, zvokudya slicing. Izvi zvinobatsira kuti avo sandara mbezo wedzeredzei. Canines vane mashandiro kupwanya uye chokunyengera zvokudya, sezvo vakataura conical chimiro. Molars uye premolars zvinobatanidzwa vachikuya zvokudya, nekuti pemvura kwavo rakafara zvakakwana.

Location meno pamusoro shaya

The anatomi pakati okumusoro shaya dentition inoratidza kuti pfupa inotungamirwa vanosarudzirwa muchimiro arcs, rimwe nerimwe inogona rakakamurwa kumativi maviri (quadrant). Imwe quadrant of vakura munhu chinosanganisira 8 mazino:

• 3 matadza;
• 2 chipande;
• 1 Fang;
• 2 premolar.

Mune dzimwe vanhu, ivo molars, izvo riri azvino mazino namaberere uye inonzi "uchenjeri mazino" zvisipo. Mumwe quadrant inotengwa kwete 8, 7 uye mapfupa inotungamirwa. Kushaya "mazino uchenjeri" - zirokwazvo chakaipa. Mune dzimwe vanhu vari kuchekwa makore 24-26 uye zvinoda kubviswa kukura panguva isiri pakona yorusvingo, nepo vamwe haamo.

okumusoro molars

Sezvo anatomi pakati okumusoro shaya, zvikuru kunzwisisa morphological dzakabatana dziri dentition dzevanhu molars hurongwa. Ivo vari mazino chematenga seri premolars. Yokumusoro shaya 6 ane molars - 3 zino rimwe uye rimwe divi. Nyanzvi kusiyanisa wokutanga, wechipiri newechitatu molars makuru.

The pakukura pakati guru zino mudzi - wokutanga yokumusoro matadza. Ndiye trehkorennym. Pemvura matadza vakatarisana meno nevakomana musara wawo kungava mativi kana nedhaimani serin'i. It ane protuberance 4 (zvose zvinotevera kukwirira yakakamurwa grooves):

• distal-palatal;
• distal-buccal;
• medial-buccal;
• mesial-palatal.

Wechipiri yokumusoro matadza napakutanga dög pamusoro. Pairi pa 30-40% vanhu varipo 3 tubercle. Muna 5% nyaya yaitika dvuhbugorkovy yokumusoro matadza. At zino Kazhinji taped 3 mudzi. Dzimwe nguva vaviri zvikure pamwe.

Chechitatu yokumusoro matadza pfupi korona. Kutsenga pamusoro kungava trehbugorkovoy. Mune dzimwe vanhu, zino iyi 4 chikomo. Dvuhbugorkovaya fomu iri apo neapo. Matadza vangava 2, 3, uye midzi. Dzimwe nguva pane Fusion wavo.

Rezasi molars

Kusiyana rezasi molars rokumusoro ndiye anonyanya muchimiro korona. Zvinogona rectangular kana pentagonal. Chimwe pachena chinoratidza dzapasi molars rokumusoro - nhamba pamidzi. In mhou idzodzo dziri nechepasi pane 2 mudzi.

Anatomy pamusoro mandibular molars riri sezvinotevera:

1. Musi wokutanga matadza ane distal, distal-lingual, buccal, distal, medial-lingual uye mesial-buccal tubercles.
2. Panguva inotevera guru matadza hapana distal tuberosity. Korona yokusafa chetyrehbugorkovy chitarisiko.
3. Third matadza, rinova ruduku molars repasi shaya, 50% yevanhu ine 4 hillocks, 40% - 5. Zvizhinji ishoma kana mashanu shestibugorkovaya märehtiä pemvura.

Okumusoro incisors

Bone inotungamirwa yaiva pamberi rokumusoro rushaya uye kuva mudzi, rinonzi okumusoro incisors. Kazhinji, kuti zino 4 kuti - 2 2 uye nechepakati divi. Zvisinei, vanachiremba vari kuramba watarisana chikuru edentulous (chinoshayikwa) rokumusoro lateral incisors. Munguva dzekare, vanhu vakanga zvokudya zvokudya zvikukutu. Zvokudya dzichiruma akatora chikamu uye nechepakati uye lateral incisors. Mazuva ano, vanhu vadye zvokudya manyoro. Zvino kuruma zvokudya zvakakwana simba nechepakati incisors. Lateral mazino vane mashoma mutoro. Panyaya iyi, pane rutapudzo yavo.

Korona panguva nechepakati incisors paupamhi. Mugore Medio-distal nhungamiro, yakafara anenge 8-9 mm. Panyaya vestibular pamusoro zvinokosha kuziva kuti rokumusoro incisors nayo dzinosiyana. Anatomy repasi rushaya uye yokumusoro mazino kunoratidza kuti:

• nechepakati mazino yokumusoro uve muchimiro rectangle, netriangle;
• vamwe vanhu vorudzii yokumusoro incisors ndiyo dhiramu;
• yokumusoro lateral mazino kazhinji yokusafa mativi kana dhiramu chimiro.

Palatal penyika okumusoro incisors kungava sandara, noruvara concave nefoshoro (noctuoidea). Chitarisiko Its kunobva pakuti ari medial uye distal shoma anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri pakukoka kubva mujinga korona kumakona rokutema micheto mazino. Nokuveza kumucheto nokuveza pamucheto yava nestershihsya Bends - kinks uye anorovera. ripple ichi haazombotaurwi sezvo mazino kushanda nemumuromo mhango.

dzikisa incisors

Duku meno ari nemumuromo mhango, sezvo topographical anatomi ari mandible vari ezasi incisors. Dzakaderera incisors kwaro kukura, riri mu yokumusoro dentition. Izvi imhaka yokuti pane nedanho raskusyvaniya zvokudya pasi mazino kuita upiyona mabasa.

On rezasi rushaya 4 vari akaronga aricheke - 2 2 uye nechepakati divi. The nechepakati mazino angava rectangular kana ovoid vestibular penyika. Munguva lateral incisors ine chakafanana isosceles netriangle ane hwaro munzvimbo nokuveza pamucheto uye pamusoro apo pamitsipa zino iri.

The lingual penyika rezasi incisors riri mvere, concave. The fomu rine mativi. Pamwe micheto ari lingual hukawanika repasi meno distal uye mesial shoma anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri. Ndivo zvishoma dzakabudirira kupfuura okumusoro incisors. We achangobva dzakatanga mazino kutema mucheto iri sinuous. The anorovera anonyatsooneka kuoneka. Zvishoma nezvishoma zvingamera makumbo. Nokuveza mucheto inova pachaenzaniswa.

Okumusoro canines

Topographical anatomi pakati pameno okumusoro shaya kunosanganisira kuongorora canines chivako. Ichi chikuru pfupa inotungamirwa mazino ezvinhu ane simba uye refu mudzi uye korona odnobugorkovuyu. chivakwa kwakadaro okumusoro meno yakafanira kune mabasa yavanobata.

Okumusoro canines iri munzvimbo vaikunga rokumusoro mazino chematenga kubva mberi zvichidzokera shure. Vestibular korona pamusoro yokusafa nedhaimani chimiro. Uye riri pakati chinotenderera, anonziwo musimboti mamelon. Mune dzimwe vanhu zvakanaka zvinoonekwa, apo vamwe - nepaburi kududzwa. Painoguma ane evaMedhia chinotenderera kubvisa gomo, unova kuzivikanwa pakati canines. Pamwe kumicheto korona ndeyakewo divi mamelons - mesial uye distal. Vanoumba divi zviso tuberosity.

Palatal hukawanika nokuti canines iri zvishoma convex uye Mabhuku eBraille. Munzvimbo remuromo nzvimbo akaona diki chitsama. Kubva kurutivi rwake huru chikomo anomhanya midline akatevedzana. Panhivi unogona kuona distal uye mesial shoma anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri. Vanoedza kubva korona pakona yorusvingo kusvikira palatal tubercles.

dumbu zino

More yakamanikana uye elongated nekorona, zvishoma hombe - unhu chokusiyanisa repamusoro kubva ezasi canines. Zvisinei, mamiriro vane meno akafanana. Kana tikaenzanisa mazino rezasi uye okumusoro shaya, tinogona kuona kuti korona ane nedhaimani chimiro. pano chete kwenzira rezasi meno munharaunda yacho rhombus achibvambura tubercle zvinonzi zvakawanda flattened, truncated.

Vanhu Vazhinji tarisa convex canine mandible. Anatomy ari kutsanangurwa nenzira yokuti pakati chinotenderera yaidzika achitevedza vestibular pamusoro kunoratidzirwa zvakanaka zvakakwana. The divi chinosimbisa kazhinji zvishoma kuoneka. Zvisinei, mune dzimwe vanhu vestibular pose mazino ane flattened chimiro. The pakati chinotenderera Muzviitiko zvakadaro zvishoma raidudzwa.

The chivezwa pamusoro lingual pose rezasi canines zvikuru shoma. On panzvimbo remuromo munzvimbo ine lingual cusp. It merges zvakanaka pamwe huru muhomba ndokuguma pakati rechitatu lingual pamusoro. Pamwe kumicheto korona anooneka shoma anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri.

okumusoro premolars

Munguva maxilla munhu ane premolar 4 - 2 molars duku kurutivi rumwe norumwe. Ivo dziri pakati chikamu mazino chematenga, vachitora 4th uye 5th nzvimbo. Premolars, sezvinoratidzwa anatomi pakati pameno okumusoro shaya, kuita webetsero mashandiro panguva machine chikafu. Vanopwanyirwa uye pulverized basa zvokudya.

Kusiyanisa rokutanga uye rechipiri yokumusoro premolars. Wokutanga premolar ane korona prismatic chimiro kungava zviviri kana mudzi chete. On the occlusal pamusoro aripo tubercle 2 - buccal uye palatal. Wokutanga ndiye, ari kutonga, makuru uye rakakwirira. Pakati pavo intertubercular muforo. Pamwe kumicheto korona vari shoma anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri.

Wechipiri yokumusoro premolar ane substantially chete mamiriro. chete shoma nevamwe maitiro vangazivikanwa:

• zino yemanyorero ane mudzi Canal uye mudzi;
• ikakuruma unotedza mamiriro enzvimbo;
• kutsenga nemavhinga vane rinenge chete nokukwirira;
• lateral anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri vari underdeveloped.

dzikisa premolars

Rezasi duku molars, kusiyana musara iduku, refu vasina midzi uye korona vakagumisa chimiro mu chinjikira chikamu. Vanhu vanoziva anatomi repasi mazino shaya, kusiyanisa rokutanga uye rechipiri dzakaderera premolars, siyanei mu mamiriro.

Wokutanga rakafanana canine. meno aya akafanana korona. Zvisinei, bicuspid kusiyana canines, pane 2 hillocks pamusoro dög pamusoro. Chokutanga izvi inonzi buccal, uye wechipiri - lingual. Yakakamurwa anorovera intertubercular muforo. Nokuti vanhu vazhinji, zviri kuvhiringidzwa munhu evaMedhia Muzinga transverse.

premolar Chechipiri, sezvinoratidzwa munhu anatomi repasi rushaya iri zvishoma kupfuura repakutanga. Kutsenga pemvura iri dvuhbugorkovoy. Dzimwe nguva kuzivikanwa 3 uye kunyange 4 tubercle. On pemvura bicuspid ane zvakadzama transverse muforo pamwe magumo ramifications. Mudzi premolar wechipiri kunopfuura kutanga.

Saka, meno iyo okumusoro shaya, mamiriro, anatomi kwezvinhu zvine maatomu akafanana izvi - munhu akaoma asi dzinonakidza musoro. Mumwe pfupa inotungamirwa zvakavakwa chinokosha zvinyama ane nhumbi yayo ropa uye huta midziyo. mazino mamiriro rakanyatsojeka zvakaoma, nokuti zvinoenderana mashandiro yavanobata.