Aleksandr Mihaylovich Gerasimov, nyanzvi yokudhirowa mifananidzo, Biography

upenyu The wakadhirowewa haugoni akapeta hwakanaka, kunyange zvazvo nechokunze zvose zvakanaka. A tenzi kwechokwadi nguva dzose kundotsvaka uye zvinoreva romubati kutaura, uye nyaya kuti zvichachinja yevanhu, afunga mufananidzo wake.

Adolescence uye vechidiki

Alexander Gerasimov akaberekerwa mutaundi duku Kozlov muna Tambov norunyoro 1881. Maari, kumba kwake duku, achadzoka zvakare uye zvakare, kutora kuregawo kubva ndakabatikana upenyu guru uye kuwana simba idzva, ruzivo. Uye paaikura pakuridza vechidiki kudzidza kupenda muMoscow. Vadzidzisi vake vaiva K. Korovin, A. E. Arhipov, V. A. Serov, vanatenzi chaiye, uyo anoshanda vanodada Motherland yedu. Etyudnaya paupamhi brushwork, mupfumi ruvara vari kuri muna tenzi ruzivo. Saka kukura Gerasimov yokudhirowa, kugona chekare uye ano unyanzvi.

Hondo Yenyika Rokutanga, Gerasimova akaunganidza, uye makore maviri yaaipedza ari mberi. Aiziva brunt kuti mugero hondo, kana munhu, mumashoko Sholokhov, inda inopedza mafupa.

The kudzoka uye kuenda kuguta guru

Muna 1918, Gerasimov anodzoka ake chizvarwa Kozlov uye mabasa naro Decorator kwemakore akawanda. Muna 1925 iye kamwe zvakare kuuya guru. In AHRR Association somunhu rokupenda ariwana pachake Gerasimov. Zvino yokudhirowa rinobatanidza Soviet enyika misoro pamwe zvetsika werudzii tsamba yakaisvonaka. Nemimba uye zvakanyorwa basa rakawanda "Lenin pamusoro pakagadzirwa nematanda." Iye haagoni kuwana ungira mumwoyo yevanhu vakarasikirwa mutungamiri wavo zvino uno mana apfuura, ane shungu mupenyu. Asi ikozvino vakaona Vladimira Ilicha pamusoro yaitwa tsvuku mireza, ravakanga vakateura ropa ravo Civil War, nesimba vachidanidzira mberi ... The firimu izere echimurenga kushingaira uye simba zvakanyorwa inonzwisisika, yakananga mutauro kupenda.

portraitist

Panguva iyoyowo, iye purofesa School of Memory 1905. Gerasimov aiva nemano kunzwisisa mufananidzo mufananidzo. Saka iye akaona uye akaiswa zvikurukuru somunhu portraitist. Yakanga iri 30s kunyanya yokudhirowa inova mufananidzo kupenda. It ane nomumwe uye boka Portraits. Ari kushanda Portraits yakakurumbira kufarira vatambi, vatsvakurudzi. Group asian "vamabhiza Army" vakagamuchira Grand Prix panguva pashoo kuParis.

Public upenyu

Artist "akazarura musuo" iri Studio yake, uye kwake yakafara rukova yakayerera upenyu hwezuva nezuva vanhu. No kunotandara kunokanganisa nyika, kuti painter hazvirevi kupfuura - nayo resonates zvose. Panguva iyoyowo akawedzera administrative basa: Gerasimov aiva mumwe wavatungamiri iri revanyori iri Union of Artists Soviet. Pasinei kushaya nguva yokuti Portraits ake vari kutanga kuoneka zvikuru uye kakawanda wokutanga vanhu ehurumende. Achiziva kana kwete, asi mabasa ake vanoonekwa muenzaniso sei kunyora. Gerasimov Artist rinova kufarira portraitist pamusoro Stalin. Uyu mufananidzo Stalin pamusoro rechi17 Congress of CPSU (b) muna 1934. Achiri azere nesimba I. V. Stalin anoverenga mashoko, achidana rutsigiro yose horo. rinoreva zvakasiyana dzebhurauni, yendarama zvichiratidza kutamba, regai batanidza, asi mupe kwokuomerwa uye kukomba iyoyo. Ndicho yepamutemo "achimisa" mufananidzo. More rakapfava, "musha" mufananidzo I. V. Stalina uye A. M. Gorkogo muna Gorky akavanyorera 1939. Unodziya chadenga vari pavharanda pamwe kwaedza mupise kuburikidza une mashizha emiti dzakapoteredza. Ake pearly zvichiratidza - pamusoro zvakavezwa fenzi, pamusoro tablecloth, pamusoro zvipfeko vanhu vaviri vachikurukura chinyararire. Zvose izere nyore uye norunyararo. Peace uye Peace anosimbisa chinyararire avete pasi rembwa. Nounyanzvi kurova ichi kugamuchira ezvinhu Gerasimov. The Artist haana kudemba mavara akajeka, iyo pave anoshamisa zvinopindirana nzvimbo.

A mututu rakafuridzirwa

The kupenda, rakanyorwa Gerasimov, "Pashure Rain", nyore, nyore uye enhetembo. Rinongova pakona pavharanda ane bindu shure kwayo; pabhenji ane bedrail, tafura akaumbwa chimiro mifananidzo yakavezwa makumbo. Volume bouquet regirazi chirongo, akapidigura magirazi - zvose ichivaima uye shimmers namavara nomufaro, zvichiratidza post-zuva yokugezera. Juicy uye zvakasiyana-siyana hanyanisi akavashambidza mubindu mvura. Used rinoreva zvose zvakasvibirira. Flickers mumwe shizha, yokubatidza ne nzira uye kuvhenekerwa kubva seri. Doro matavi hwakakungwa, pedyo chaizvo paberere, riri pamusoro payo vachatitaka aitarire. The puddles pasi airatidza rebhuruu pamusoro. Kwose kwose, nyaya ose, kwemvura parera madonhwe emvura adonhe. A rinokosha ezvinhu freshness, uye kuchena kubudirira yokudhirowa, kushandisa pfungwa, izvo vanosiya uye munyoro mashizha uye blue uye bouquet chena pamusoro yerima nyoro pechiso tafura. Chiedza uye nomumvuri zvakanyatsobatana, asi mumvuri unoitwa rinoreva zvakawanda, saka, zvakare, chinovhenekera uye shimmers, chinofadza ngaaone. Light kunobva Fafitera anoona. Chiedza dzakapfirirwa chezuva - kumwe mhiri miti uye pamakwenzi. Aiva munyoro, asi ushamwari yokuvira zhizha zuva akanzwa kwose kwose. Maererano zvakaona, mushure zhizha yokugezera Gerasimov ( "Pashure Rain" - mumwe ake mifananidzo yakakurumbira), wakafadzwa nezvaakaona, pakarepo akatora pendi uye palette uye nenzira imwe cheteyo, kwete akatarisa, inobudisa zvinoshamisa nakuyenda. Asi kuti kukwanisa kushanda saka nokukurumidza uye zvakanaka, zvinokosha kuva refu uye zvakaoma nzira paguva. Chikonzero chete nei womufananidzo akakwanisa kutaura nemwoyo manzwiro ake, iyo inosiya hapana hanya, kuratidza vateereri simba freshness. Gare gare, tenzi anoyeuka nechido chake, chinya ake paaishanda pamusoro girl. Naizvozvo basa rakanga chechokwadi uye poetical mune zvose. Rave hwakaratidza muParis, uye painter akave nokugamuchira Grand Prix (Grand Prix). Izvi hazvisi anongoitika rombo, uye mugumisiro iguru refu kushanda nokuda zvose zvoupenyu. Izvi adjoined mhuri asian, akasika gore adarika. In imba imwe yababa Kozlov zuva inopisa zhizha mhuri yose vakaungana Gerasimov. Zvakanga pano, kwete kutamira guru, zvachose kurarama pedyo the artist. Painter serenely kuzorora pashure basa rakaoma mumhuri. Ari kugadzirira kuuya nyore uye basa guru. The dandemutande uzere nechiedza, runyararo uye kuwirirana.

The pashoo - chiitiko chikuru muupenyu the artist

Panguva imwe chete iyoyo, kutaura zvazviri, muna 1936, nyanzvi yokudhirowa muchidimbu mabasa ake, izvo anyanya chikamu zana aiva anoratidza muMoscow, apo anenge zana mabasa akaratidzwa. Ava vaiva mifananidzo uye kwakajeka mabasa.

Another asian

Papera chinguva, izvozvo achanyorwa "Portrait of a Ballerina O. V. Lepeshinskaya" muna 1939. The Artist anowana kutungamirira mutambi pashure inodziya-kumusoro, haichawaniki panguva pabhenji. In chinyakare Tutu imire pamusoro Pointe, zviri akagadzirira nendege uye mberi kutamba. Proud nechivimbo vanoshandura mapfudzi, zvishomanana kunyemwerera - zvose akati effervescent chitsamwatsamwa hunhu mutambi, ayo simba uye dynamism, izvo vaakaberekera yacho. Inspiration uye kuda basa iri kusangana Prima Ballerina, sezvo anofananidzirwa yokudhirowa mu yomufananidzo uyu. Olga aiva mumwe zvikuru nevanhu vachitamba I. V. Stalina, akamudana "mukonikoni."

hondo

Mumakore akaoma ehondo, tenzi anoramba ishande nekufambisa pachedu mari yavo Defence Fund. Historical Genre ikozvino inoremekedzwa womufananidzo kuwedzera. Anosika Portraits ari magamba Huru Patriotic War. Panguva imwe chete iyoyo akanyora "Group Portrait of mukuru vemifananidzo Soviet Pavlova N., Baksheeva VN, Byalyanitskogo Birulya-VK, Meshkova V. N.," iro akagamuchira Stalin Prize muna 1946. Kufunga kuti hombe simba pamusoro pokumuka zvakanaka hwemashiripiti ane AM Gerasimov, akanga paakavapa musoro vanhu Artist of USSR. Uyewo kushanda paakaita mifananidzo vakazvipira kuti musangano misoro nemasimba makuru matatu Tehran. Saka kamwe zvakare akaratidza nhoroondo Genre iri mifananidzo. Canvas chinopinda uye chimiro, uye vevatambi pakati vanhu vaivepo mairi.

academician

Pashure pehondo, muna 1947, iye akasarudzwa purezidhendi USSR Academy of Arts rokutanga. A wandei basa musarudzo iyi akaridza shamwari yake yepedyo Voroshilov. Mumakore gumi, mukuzadzikisa chinzvimbo ichi, Gerasimov nesimba akarwa vemifananidzo vakanga kuonekwa utsanzi, kana kunyange chete Impressionism. Vakaderera art kuMadokero, akanzwa nomutorwa kumunhu yeSoviet. Mumakore aya anosika zvakakwana mutambo kwokushamisira kanivhasi vanoda "Pane pevhu!" Pakati pamusoro pakagadzirwa nematanda - I. V. Stalin. Asi vamwe chikonzero, pfungwa kukwezvwa kwete mutungamiriri, kwete vapindi paruvanze, uye shanu chandeliers makuru. Zvose zvinoita kuti kuva diki uye vasingakoshi.

On nzvimbo yechizvarirwo

Great rokusika kwaniso uye yakakwirira kukwanisa basa womufananidzo Rinotarisira, kana achisvika yekwake. Pano akanyora achiri lifes, nharaunda, uchiratidza mamiriro ake pfungwa. Kuyeukwa makore basa uye yokudzidza Konstantin Korovin was mu pamatende izvi. "Rwiyo Starling" - basa yakachena pasina pathos, lyrically unoratidza kunaka hunhu nehope. Vachiri Life "Zvemasikati. Warm mvura "anoratidza sei kupanga ishe bepa iri. Mairi, anogona kushandisa zvose dzikaedzwa unyanzvi kutsiva kufinhikana shava-yakatsvuka uri mutete purplish zvitema, ratidza kuti madonhwe emvura adonhe ichiyerera magirazi, kufema mhepo yakachena, azere nounyoro. Ichi - upenyu zvayo kuratidzwa nomumwe. It - Gerasimov, emhizha vane mifananidzo vari kure officialdom, asi azere nehope uye nhetembo, kuyemurwa uye rinofadza.

unhu

Pano Anovandira mumwe divi unhu hwake. Pashure pezvose, muupenyu hwezuva nezuva Gerasimov aiva murume munyoro, ushamwari. Young Artists vanokurudzira kwete kutevera kuti musoro, mari uye mukurumbira. Munhu, Ivo vakakodzerwa nazvo, vachauya pachako pashure basa refu pamusoro akagadzira uye ruvara. Aidavira kuti the artist haagoni kurasikirwa chivimbo.

manyadzo

Pashure I. V. Stalina rufu simba Gerasimov akatanga kuderera. Uye iye pachake pachena achinja. It yakava kukura duku, mutete. meso zvakangwara zvakasuwa. Asi akanga atova manonwe ake. Yanyadziswa Artist panguva yacho Khrushchev "nyungudika" chaionekwa sezvo chinhu usingachashandi.

upenyu anoenderera mberi

Zvisinei, mashoko reactionary Gerasimov haana kuzviona. Aiziva kuti akanga emhizha vachinzwisisa tarenda guru naMwari. Uye zvechokwadi kuti zvakaitika. Chete zvaanenge watambisa tarenda renyu? Aifanira, kuti vararame, kusiya uye kushumira avo vakanga vari simba. Pano - mutsetse yakanaka pakati kushumira matarenda uye vatongi. kwete sei Vaiisa kure nayo? kwete sei kuenda mutsetse asingaoneki? Ndivo mibvunzo nokusingaperi nerimwe yokudhirowa, mune chero munda hazvina kushanda. Orpheus Pamberi muimbi waiva mubvunzo wamuchashumira - rakajeka, akajeka, rinobvumirana Phoebe uye kwasviba, dutu nekuchinja Dionysus. Saka kubva kare mubvunzo uyu afunga vega nomumwe. Gerasimov Aleksandr Mihaylovich (Artist) akazvipa mhinduro, kusvikira pakuguma uye akazeza.

The unoreva zvakawanda womufananidzo

Future unyanzvi kare, kuenzanisa mifananidzo miviri Gerasimov, vari muna State Tretyakov Gallery, unogona kuonekwa isingachinji tarenda izvi uye haangazvidembi kupomera yokudhirowa kuti pamutemo Portraits nevatungamiriri veSoviet. Apo tinotarisa yanhasi nokungwarira kunyorwa ari zvose zviri dzokuzvinatsa basa Franz Ksavera Vinterhaltera kana D. G. Levitskogo uye V. L. Borovikovskogo uye kuvabata zvakanaka - sezvinoita mabasa ounyanzvi.

Chii yokudhirowa Kumusha

Munorumbidzirweiko nokuti Yababa, kubva 1941, AM Gerasimov aiitirwa nomutsa nezviremera. Awards uye mibayiro chete akanaisa pasi pamusoro pake. Iye - Vanhu Artist of USSR, ane vana Stalin mibayiro, ari Lenin Order, sezvakarayirwa Red Banner of Labor.

Naizvozvo, muna nesimba basa musiki upenyu akaenda zita iri nyore Gerasimov. The yokudhirowa, ane Biography iri havana chokwadi uye zvakawanda uye, chokwadi, aionekwa tarenda, akafa ava nemakore 82 okuberekwa.