Administrative zvekuvaka: kuti chidzoke uye kuzivikanwa

Musimboti hurumende yaro mumagariro zvisikwa hazvigoni kuzarurwa pasina kufunga iripo pfuma yaro. Kuti vakawanda iri pfungwa? Resources - koda zvose rinoshandiswa kuzadzisa chinangwa ichi. Vanobvumira kugutsa kwete chete zvaanoda dzavo asiwo zvinodiwa nyaya dziri zvakatipoteredza.

Administrative pfuma - ichi chinhu akafanana simba kuti anochinja mabasa akasiyana-siyana enyika, machinda, miviri mamiriro uye machinda

The tsananguro

Ndeipi administrative mokuwana? Kazhinji, paakanzi mutsara uyu anouya mupfungwa Zviripachena kunaka maonero chiitiko ichi. Uye kazhinji inobatanidzwa sarudzo. Chokwadi, akasiyana siyana Mafungiro uye nharo kuti kugadzirisa nyaya vasisanetswi administrative zvinhu muupenyu enyika munyika, kuitwa kakawanda pakati vakaronga kana kare musarudzo. Zvisinei, ichi zvinoumba chiri kwete zvakazara kuzivisa ayo chaizvo. The mutsara "administrative zvekuvaka" asingarambi atakure akaipa njere. Uyezve, hazvina hazvo chokuita kambani enyika musarudzo.

Shoko "chirango" - pashoko ane zvaanoreva - ". Kuzvidzora" "zvakananga" uye Somuenzaniso, tose zvinozivikanwa administrative migove, izvo zvinoshandiswa nedanho yarongedzwa makombiyuta. Ko izwi chomutsara uyu (zvinhu) yechipiri? Funga zvakare. Resources, kuwedzera kune "zvinyorwa, zvinhu uye mikana", zvinogona kunzwisiswa nenzira yakasiyana. Shoko iri chinomiririra hapana kupfuura "chishandiso inogona kushandiswa kana zvakakodzera" kana "goho chete". Mune mamwe manzwi, ndiye chinhu chinogona kushandiswa kuzadzisa imwe mugumisiro.

Pachishandiswa zvataurwa, shoko rokuti "administrative zvekuvaka" rinogona kunzwisiswa se "administrative upfumi". Ndicho chombo zvakagadzirirwa kugadzirisa managerial mabasa kuitira kuti awane yakatarwa chinangwa kutungamirira.

On hwaro ichi, zviri pachena kuti administrative zvekuvaka pakutanga kushandiswa nokudzora mugadziriro. Uye chete ipapo pfungwa iyi anowana kushanda kwayo dzimwe minda mabasa evanhu.

Administrative pfuma zvebhizimisi

Kazhinji, chokushandisa ichi rinoshandiswa mumabhizimisi. Panguva iyoyo sezvo anokonzera iyo inotungamirira rikaitika zvebhizimisi zvekuvaka anoshanda kambani pacharo. Nokuti mukuru maneja, iye zvinoratidzwa chiso nani maneja.

Dzimwe nguva muridzi wekambani. Chero zvazvingava, vanhu ava vari maneja rokutanga kana repiri pamwero kushanda uye amuraire kuita yakananga managerial basa. Panguva ino, uye pane awarding masimba, makatumidzwa administrative pfuma musangano. Izvi zvinogona kutsanangurwa zvishoma zvakasiyana. Vamwe munhu anoita kuti aite utariri mabasa.

hierarchization

Administrative zvekuvaka anomiririra kodzero kutarisira uye panguva imwecheteyo vaite maneja mutoro kuwana achida mugumisiro.

Administrative basa rinoitwa salaried munhu. kodzero kwakadaro ndiko kune zviri sezvinotevera:

1. mumwe maneja zvekuvaka, sezvo iri nzira nokudzora.
2. Personal mushandi zvekuvaka sezvo dzakapiwa kwaari panguva achiurayiwa mabasa pamutemo.

Administrative zvekuvaka Kutarisira ane hierarchical hunhu. Chii izvozvo kunosimbiswa? Chokwadi chokuti risiti yacho zvekuvaka kunoitika panguva chaiyo iyoyo kana musoro vanomutsirwa yakakwirira yakati sandara mamaneja maumbirwo kambani. nzira iyi inogona kunzi ine akanyatsorongwa. Izvi izwi zvinoshanda ezvinhu apo dzinoverengeka ezvinhu, izvo chaizvoizvo kutungamirira maneja kuwana kwavo administrative pfuma. Panguva iyoyo kubva mushandi chete rinoda mvumo kuti kupa mutoro wayo unongotaura.

Kodzero Vanotarisira chiri mokuwana maneja zvinokosha. kusiyana kwayo iri yokuti iyi nyaya kwepamutemo basa mushandi. Mune mamwe manzwi, zvinova zviri pamutemo. Uye zviripo tichifunga. Chepamutemo kodzero kudzora zvinogoneka chete kana chiri chepamutemo chionekeso. Zvisinei, mune tsika panewo mubvandiripo anokonzera upfumi. Muzviitiko zvakadaro, kodzero kutyaira anopiwa somugumisiro kubiridzirwa kana mhirizhonga.

Panogumira administrative zviwanikwa

Kuti anopa maneja kodzero kutyaira? Kushandisa administrative zvinhu kunoita mushandi kuti atarisire pasi. Uyezve, ane kodzero yokuti vatarisire zvivako zvose chekambani. Nemamwe mashoko, iye anowana maoko avo pamusoro administrative uye zvoupfumi mokuwana.

The yezvinoreva masimba, iyo yakapa mukuru mamaneja ane quantitative noruzhinji. Chokwadi, kana tikaongorora yakananga akanyatsorongwa, pano mumwe nomumwe misoro nhume ndiye mumwe mari kodzero. Zviri mabasa akatsunga nechimwe zvakasiyana. Panyaya iyi, chisarudzo chakaitwa, yakavakirwa operative kudiwa uye ane chokuita unhu mushandi pakutanga.

Dzimwe kukura kwebasa kodzero, iyo anowana mutungamiriri chaiye, uye mwero kodzero zvakafanana munzvimbo yaro arege kuenzana. Extension uye vakadaro zviripo Kakawanda kacho.

The basa kwakaitwa maneja, haisi panguva yake pachake zvaainazvo. Pashure pezvose, vose mari inoshandiswa somugumisiro zvavakanga vachida kuita, uyewo nekanzuru rakapedzwa zvigadzirwa - haasi chinhu asi chigadzirwa wekambani varidzi.
Saka, zviri administrative kuwana yebhizimisi zvinoreva chete kodzero kutyaira. Zvisinei, izvi ndizvo chaizvo, nokuti kodzero kutyaira anobvumira kuwana dzakasiyana-siyana nezvimwe zvinhu.

Yose zvayo, kuwedzera vakuru vakuru kunoita munhu kushandisa kwavo vezvinhu, kuita chinhu chaicho, uchishandisa mashoko mumaoko ake levers. Zvisinei, muchiitiko ichi, kazhinji akaratidza kukodzera pamutemo nzvimbo yake, iyo yaishandiswa azvipfumise.

Nzira administrative zviwanikwa

Dzimwe nguva pakati emakambani inopfuura oma makwikwi. Kuti aparadze nemuvengi wake, vanamuzvinabhizimisi vave kuita kushandisa yaiona hurongwa. Muchiitiko chino, vakashandisa zvinotevera nzira:

1. Hook uye chiteyeso. Nzira iyi iri nyore. Nokuti zvebhizimisi kuti pave ruzivo musungo. The kambani akasarudza anowana ikoko pamusoro pacharo anosika tsvina. Musimboti nzira iyi iri kukura zvimwe rutsigiro. Chinangwa Zviito izvi ndiko kunyengera achikwikwidzira mumamiriro ezvinhu ndipo pave tsvina pachayo. Muchiitiko chino, zvose akati "chisingadiwi" aikwikwidza mashoko kupfeka zvaanoreva kaviri. Pamiedzo ruzivo kuitika chiitiko kuti maneja akaudza chokwadi. The mubvunzo iri yakurukurwa zvokuti munhu wacho kana nedoskazhet, uye chichange zvinopesana.

2. Public kushatirwa. In emakambani dzakawanda mune zvakawanda zvinhu zvinogona netsa vanhu. Zvingava hofisi hwomutambarakede kana motokari kudhura, iro inobudisa musoro, anokuvadza choutsi kupinda zvakatipoteredza, duku mudonzvo mari, kudzvinyirirwa munhu kodzero, uye zvichingodaro. D. Chinangwa Nzira iyi kuwana chinhu chinogona perturb voruzhinji pashure racho chokwadi.
3. Virtual tsvina. Nzira iyi inobva kushandisa dzisiri chaiyo chokwadi, uye pamusoro vanonzi chido kana pfungwa munhu. nzira iyi kubvisa makwikwi ari takunda zvisamumirira. Pashure pezvose, chero zvinhu chokwadi chinogona kana yasimbiswa kana akaramba. Asi kuwana uchapupu hwokuti munhu haana kufunga nzira imwe kana mumwe, zviri nyore kuzvinyepera.

simba upfumi

Administration haisi chete bhizimisi. Pfungwa iyi zvinosanganisira nzira dzakasiyana-siyana administrative pfuma, iyo inoshandiswa pachena yaitonga uye dzimwe mumatanho ose musarudzo.

To musi, panguva yesarudzo chisviniro anopa mashoko pamusoro bato akunda kutsigirwa Presidential Administration, uye vamwe zviri pachena haingatikwaniri kubudirira. Uye pangava mhando zvinotevera pamusoro administrative zviwanikwa nokuda pamwero hurumende:

1. Local (pano riri kufungwa mumataundi maduku, dzakadai musha).
2. Municipal ukoshi, iyo inopa musangano musarudzo pamwe nemapoka mabhizimisi yemo, anopa nhungamiro venhau kupa ruzivo zvakanaka pamusoro "kodzero" munhu, dzinounzwa nzvimbo zvikwangwani uye destabilized basa vakwikwidzi.
3. Regional kukosha. Izvi zvekuvaka unokubvumira uswedere voruzhinji vanachiremba, anokudzwa vadzidzisi uye zvichingodaro., Kuti kupa zvakafanira ruzivo pamusoro kubhabhatidzwa panguva misangano yose, misangano uye zviitiko, rongai nguva kutaura nemasangano budgetary uye yacho mudzivisi wacho kumuzinda.
4. Federal kukosha. pfuma yakadaro vakwanise kukwezva vatungamiriri vemapato uye masangano voruzhinji Pakuonekwa kwavo nhau, kuti nechokwadi nokuvimbika muCentral Election Commission uye kuita kuramba zvichiongororwa ari grassroots eDare zviri zvinodiwa kubhabhatidzwa "zvakanaka".

Kupatsanura hurumende mari nokuti legality kwavo

Mari zvose zvinoshandiswa sezvo chikamu administrative zvekuvaka, akakamurwa zvinotevera:

1. Pamutemo. Ndivo kushandisa miviri ehurumende uye vakuru simba yepamutemo, simba ravo mashoko. Chinangwa basa iri kuwana mamwe inopikira uye mikana kugadzirisa dambudziko kuzadziswa zvivanakire enyika. For pamutemo administrative zviwanikwa rinoshandawo vashandi kuchengeterwa pamusoro administrative mudonzvo. Ichi kudanda vanhu vakangwara vanokwanisa utungamiri hwakadaro, dzose simudza padanho ruzivo, uye kwete chete munzvimbo zvakakodzera kuti ruzhinji yaitonga.
2. Mubvandiripo. Pasi yakatarwa iyi administrative zvinhu kunzwisisa michina yakasiyana-siyana (kazhinji pamutemo), izvo rinobvumira usingashandi zvemari mubhizimisi kuti vabudirire kunonyanyisa kukanganisa vanhu Achavapa ine "yokuzvidira" kuzviisa pasi. Kwakadaro zvekuvaka ane rinoshandiswa zviitiko apo nzvimbo hurumende kuitika mune run-kusvikira kukasaitwa nesarudzo hakuna simba zvakakwana. Mubvandiripo mhando chourongwa kunogona kuonekwa mune zviitiko apo munhu aikwikwidza pane chakakomba kurwa uye mukwikwidzi chairo.

rinoreva kushandiswa

Ndezvipi zvimwe zvinodiwa Classified ari administrative pfuma simba? Rakakamurwa mhando zvichienderana nzira yaishandiswa. Saka, kusunungurwa:

1. Zvechechi pfuma. Izvi mhando chourongwa chokuita nokushandiswa kugona siyana paruzhinji masangano uye masangano.
2. Budgetary pfuma. Hachizi akafanana administrative kuwana musarudzo, izvo chokuita nokushandiswa paruzhinji mari zvakananga.
3. Media upfumi. Nokufamba kushandisirwa kushandisa pehurumende, iyo kupa vanoiona uye vaverengi vavo mashoko kuti anoshumira zvido imwe mumiriri kana bato. Ndiwo uyu mokuwana, maererano zvidzidzo, chinopfuura munguva musarudzo.

Kazhinji kushandisa administrative zvekuvaka kunosanganisira zvechechi uye nevezvenhau mhando.

Zviri nyika yedu

Maererano kudzidza, yaiona uye pamutemo zvinhu mu Russia kusvika 2/3 ndima yayo rinoshandiswa zvikuru pemurairo. Pano sarudzo dziri zvemakwikwi, uye musarudzo chete duku mukaha kwenhamba mavhoti.

Zvisinei, kana tiri kutora kumatunhu akadai Tatarstan uye North Caucasus, Kalmykia, Bashkortostan, uye vamwe., Pano munhu aikwikwidza nokuda mhedziso vakawanda mavhoti vemo. The chete kukwikwidza, Chokwadi, zvinogamuchirika zviremera zvemo uye elites. Ndima kwakadaro anonzi "nyoreka nevanovhota." Ava munzvimbo nhengo musarudzo basa zviri zvikuru pakufambira zviremera zvomunzvimbo mukubata mari uye dzimba matambudziko. Uyezve, kazhinji vezvenhau kuti anopa mashoko pamusoro musarudzo, hamuzi hurumende, uye zvokutengeserana zvivako, izvo hunonyatsobatana enyika uye hurumende muboka revatungamiriri.

Ndezvipi dzeparamende?

Mune zvematongerwo bhora zvinowanzooneka inoitwa dzeparamende intraparty hunhu. Ndicho chikuru (kusimbisa shoko iri weveta "mumwe"). Held yesarudzo zvakadaro nomination kupfuura mukurumbira uye simba musarudzo.

Munyika idzodzo pane zvakanaka kusimbiswa democratic hurongwa, asi dzeparamende Nokuti zvinoitirwa nhangemutange kupfuura kwakajeka uye kunokosha. Izvi zvinogona kuonekwa Somuenzaniso, muUnited States. Zvisinei, pane kuwedzera dzeparamende uye caucuses vachiri kuita, izvo zviri kukurukurwa pamisangano, nhengo chete bato.

Dzeparamende munyika yedu

Chokwadi, hapana chakavanzika hweruzhinji muRussia kwakafanana asi risingazivikanwi ndima. Vamwe masangano uye zvokuridzira kuti pave rusununguko rwekutaura nezvevanakomana zvishoma nezvishoma, kusvikira pakuguma achiri asina pachena, kwete chete vanhuwo vavhoti, asiwo nenguva enyika. Ko simba venyika yedu administrative Resource dzeparamende?

The chikuru basa musarudzo ndeyokubatsira kuwana vanhu vatsva vanogona kushanda senyanzvi mitemo uye kuti kukurukura zvakananga voruzhinji. Pashure paizvozvo, vachava nenzira mberi, kare enyika. Ndakataura izvi uye V. V. Putin mu bvunzurudzo nenhengo dzeparamende. The musoro wehurumende vataura chikumbiro chake webato "United Russia". Akakumbira nhengo kuratidza muenzaniso mumwe musarudzo vakatendeka musarudzo. Uye izvi hazvisi mashoko asina maturo. Kutaura zvazviri, maererano nenyanzvi dzakawanda, idzva democratic kupfungwa administrative zvinhu kunodzivisa toreva zhinji. Sei kuverenga pamusoro ndechokuti mutemo achauya itsva vanhu, kana zvigaro zvose zviri "zvakakodzera" nezviremera?

Zvisinei, maererano mishumo kubva nharaunda, achine kukanganisa zvikuru administrative mokuwana. Hazvina kunyanya kutyisa ndiwo mamiriro ezvinhu ari Moscow mudunhu. Zvose izvi zvinopesana chaizvo musimboti dzeparamende. Handiti, pfungwa imwe sarudzo chikuru uye kuti vavhoti vaigona kuona kupfuura penya enyika.