Acacia muti: mhuka, tsanangudzo, mifananidzo

Muti weAcacia unozivikanwa munyika yose, sezvo haisi kukura munyika dzakawanda, asiwo chiratidzo chemwe, uyewo chimwe chinhu chinyorwa uye mabasa eunyanzvi nemabhuku.

Makirasi machena kana machizha emuti uyu, anozivikanwa munguva dzemazuva ano, achikura muna May, chaizvoizvo ane nhoroondo yemakore ane chiuru. Iyo mheta yakanga yakashongedzwa neminda uye dzimba, yakashandiswa mukurapa uye tsika dzechitendero. Zvichida, hapana miti iri pasi pano iyo inoremekedzwa kwemazana emakore nevamiririri vemarudzi akasiyana-siyana uye tsika dzakasiyana neyamacacia. Mufananidzo wacho haugoni kuratidza kunaka kwose uye kunhuhwirira kwemiti iyi, iyo nhasi ine marudzi anopfuura 800.

Nhoroondo yeAacacia

Iyo yakasiyana nemuti uyu yakaonekwa neVaIjipita vekare vaitenda kuti iyo panguva imwechete inomiririra zvose upenyu nerufu, sezvo inodurudza nemaruva machena uye matsvuku. Yaiva kwavari chiratidzo chemwari wezuva, achivandudza upenyu. MuKrona yake aigara mwarikadzi wehondo nekuvhima Nate.

Mumitauro yakawanda, muti womuicacia wakaratidza kuchena nekuchena, uye vagari vekare veMediterranean vakatenda kuti mhinzwa yawo yakadzinga mweya yakaipa, uye yakashongedza dzimba dzavo nematavi akaputsika. Uye vatungamiri vaifamba mugwagwa weArabia vakaona kuti vatsvene uye vakatenda kuti uyo akaputsa bazi remuti uyu achafa mukati megore.

Acacia, tsanangudzo yaro inowanika muTorah, yaiva yevaJudha vekare chiratidzo chetsvene. Nokudaro kubva pamatanda ake akaitwa chikepe chaNowa, aritari yeTemberi yeJudhea uye Tabhenakeri, umo areka yesungano yakanga yakachengetedzwa pakutanga .

Kune vaKristu veMiddle Ages, muti uyu wakaratidza kuchena kwemafungiro uye kusava nemhosva, saka matavi awo akanga akapfekedzwa nedzimba. Acacia mafuta yakashandiswa mumitambo nemasangano akasiyana-siyana akavanzika, uye vapirisiti vakavepa mafuta neatari uye zvinonhuwira.

Nzvimbo dzekukura

Acacia muti ndewemhuri yemarume uye inokwanisa kusvika mamita 25-30 muhupamhi. Nyika yekuzvarwa yemiti yacho inofungidzirwa kuva North America, kunyange zvazvo dzakawanda zvezvipenyu zvayo zvinokura mumatondo anopisa uye masango eAfrica, Asia, Mexico neAustralia.

Zvichienderana nezvinzvimbo, muti uyu unogona kureva zvose miti nemiti-semasango. Kuzvikurira munyika dzeEurope zvakabva kubvira muzana remakore rechi18 nekuda kwemishonga, kunaka uye huni hwakasimba. Nhasi mumaguta akawanda eRussia neCIS imwe inokwanisa kuona zvipenyu zvayo zvakapararira-robinia, iyo inozivikanwa seye white acacia. Muti unokwanisa kumira kutonhora kusinganzwi pamwe chete nechimiro chechidimbu, chinonyatsozivikanwa se mimosa. Ichi chichena chinyuchi chinokura chete mumasango anopisa eAfrica.

Tsanangudzo yemhando

Pasinei nokuti mbeu yacho inokura kupi, mutezo ine zvinhu zvinowanikwa kune mhuri yose:

• Ane midzi yakasimba, iyo inowedzera midzi yakakura kusvika pakudzika kwakakura uye ine davi riri pedo nevhu riri pamusoro. Izvi zvinobatsira muti wacho kubvisa kwete mvura chete, asiwo inobatsira microelements.
• Iyo tsvina inogona kusvika kusvika pakakwirira mamita 12 kusvika ku30 ne girth ye 1.2-2 m. Muvara webark unosiyana kubva kuchena ganda pazera duku uye kumvuri wakaoma sezvaunokura, uye chimiro chacho chine uso nerefu ndebvu.
• Mazhinji acacias anozivikanwa nemashizha ovoid, akaunganidzwa parefu petiole pamwe chete kubva pane zvinomwe kusvika kune makumi maviri. Chikamu chekunze kwemashizha chine ruvara rwemavara, asi chikamu chemukati chinogona kuva silvery kana chema-ruvara. Kuvapo kwemipesa kunobatanidzwawo kune vamiririri vakawanda vemarudzi aya, kunyange zvazvo zvionekwe zvinowanika mavari zvachose zvisiripo.
• Acacia (iyo mufananidzo inoratidzika) ine maruva makuru emuchena kana kuti mavara machena, akaunganidzwa mumasumbu, kunyange pane zvishoma zvinyorwa zvepanicles uye kunyange buds rimwe chete.

• Muchero wemuti iyi ipodhi yakaita ruvara rune tsvuku, ine 5-6 nyemba. Ivo vanonyatsozivikanwa pamishonga yavo uye vanowanzoshandiswa mumishonga inopinza.

Aya ndiwo maitiro anoonekwa nevamiririri vakawanda vemarudzi aya, kunyange zvazvo kune zvimwe.

Acacia corkscrew

Iyi ndiyo miti inowanikwa mumapaki uye mumigwagwa. Acacia, kunyange zvazvo inowedzera kukura zvakakwana, inokura kusvika pakuenzanirana nekukurumidza kwemakore makumi mana.

Pakureba kwemasendimita makumi maviri nemaviri uye upamhi hwemamiriyoni e2, ine korona isina kukwana uye maruva machena nekunhuhwirira kwakanaka, yakaturikirwa nemabhesi kusvika masendimita makumi maviri pakureba. Kakawanda kacacia corkscrew inogona kuva nemiti miviri, inotumbuka kubva kumagumo aMay kusvika kumavambo aJune, haisi kutsvaga kuenda, inorega kushivirira chirimwa chirimo. Mashizha eefolliptical fomu ane bluish-green hue muzhizha uye inopenya tsvuku muvhu. Inotarisa nguva, nguva imwe chete nemaruva.

Acacia golide

Muduku, chete kusvika mamita 12 muhupamhi, miti iyi inoonekwa nokukurumidza. Acacia goridhe (Robinia pseudoacacia Frisia) ine zvigunwe zvakasiyana uye mashizha akajeka mavara machena e-elliptical shape. Pamatavi akaputsika, akafanana nejiggg, mashizha anofanirwa kutononoka, anenge asati atumbuka pachake: pakupera kwaMay - kutanga kwaJune.

Kwekutanga nguva iyi muti wakawanikwa muHolland muna 1935. Inotumbuka nemuchena mutsvuku unopisa kusvika masendimita makumi maviri murefu, chibereko chacho chine ruvara uye chakanyarara. Inosiya zvisingadikanwi-pinnate uye nguva dzose kubva pa7 kusvika ku19 zvidimbu pa petiole.

Iyi mhete haisi kukumbira kuchengeta, kunyange iyo inosarudza humus ivhu rakaoma. Mune mvura yakaoma uye yakaoma inogona kutambura kubva kuchando uye kufa.

Acacia conical uye umbellate

Imwe yekare-nguva pakati pemiti yeiyo mhuka ndiyo mutezo wakagadzirwa nemakona (Pseudoacacia Bessoniana). Inorarama makore zana uye ichikura kusvika mamita makumi maviri pakukwirira, kuumba vana. Kazhinji kune zvigunwe zvakawanda.

Mavara mashizha haashamisi-akaiswa, korona inogona kunge isina kukwana, uye yakasununguka, yakapoteredza. Inoputika zvikuru, nehupamhi tsvuku yakareba kusvika masendimita 20 murefu. Pamusoro petioles, 7 kusvika ku19 mashizha erliptical bluish-ruvara muvara. Fomu dzinobereka kusvika kusvika masendimita gumi nemaviri pakureba, muchimiro chemafuro machena machena. Iyi mheta inonyanya kuda zuva uye inonyatsotsungirira kusanaya kwemvura, haisi iyo inofungidzirwa kune ivhu. Kana iwe ukadyara muti mumunda, unofanirwa kudzivisa ivhu rakaoma uye rakaoma. Muchizaya muvhu rakadaro, midzi yemaaracia inogona kukuvadzwa zvikuru.

Acacia imburera inowanikwa muAfrica uye mumarenje eIsraeri. Panyika ino inopisa, inorarama mumasasa uye inodiwa nevagari vayo vose, nokuti inopa mumvuri, nekuda korona yayo, inoratidzika semusera. Ichokwadi, ichi chidziviriro chekufananidzira kupisa kwemheni inopisa yezuva, nokuti mashizha ayo anoshandurwa nemucheto kune chiedza.

Muti une miti yakakura yakaoma inodzivirira kubva kumarudzi akawanda ekugara ari muSauna. Inotumbuka maruva maduku maduku ane stamens refu, akaunganidzwa mune whisk. Kune mavara machena kana machena.

Maererano nenyaya, yakabva kumuraira acacia kuti vaJudha, avo vakanga vabva Egipita, vakaita Areka yaNoa.

Acacia street

Kazhinji kazhinji mune zvipfeko zvakasiyana-siyana kune mugwagwa acacia, mbeu dzazvo dzinotengeswa mumaruva emaruva.

Pseudoacacia Monophylla isingakwanisi kugadziriswa nekusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza, iyo inokurumidza kukura uye isingasviki yemiti yemiti, inosvika mamiriyoni 25 muhupamhi. Mashizha emuganda uyu haashamisi-pinnate uye akasiyana-siyana: pakutanga kweptiole kune zviduku zvishoma, asi pedyo kusvika pakuguma vanogona kusvika masendimita gumi nemashanu. Rudzi rwemavara ndiwo matte ruvara rwezhizha uye zhizha muvhu. Inofanira kurangarirwa kuti mashizha acho ane chepfu.

Matavi acho anogona kunge akafanana nejiggg kana akareba, zvishoma. Maruva makuru machena machena, akaunganidzwa mumasumbu akadzika kusvika masendimita makumi maviri pakureba nemafuta anonhuwira. Muti uyu unoda zuva uye hauna maturo pamusoro pekuumbwa kwevhu.

Acacia bristle

Zita iri rinoreva zvose kune muti-wakafanana ne shrub unosvika pakakwirira kwemamita maviri, uye kumuti, uyo, zvichienderana nenzvimbo yekukura, inogona kusvika kubva pa15 kusvika kumakumi 20. Midzi yakasimba midzi uye matavi akasimba e-zigzag anoita kuti simiti ipe mhepo. Ita maruva aya marudzi eAcacia akanaka maruva makuru epepuru kana piniki isina ruvara, inounganidzwa mu inflorescences ye 3-6 zvidimbu.

Zita remiti yacho inokonzerwa nekuti mafuro ayo akafukidzwa nemabvuri. Mashizha acho akavezwa muvara wakaita ruvara rwemavara mukati mechando uye zhizha, mumucheka wechitsvuku-mumutumbi. Kana mhete yakadaro inokura mumunda, inokwezva kutarisa nemashizha ayo makuru uye akajeka.

Hazvitsvaki kutarisirwa kwakawedzerwa, inosarudza nzvimbo yakanyarara uye yezuva, inononoka kushivirira chirima yakaoma. Kunyange ivhu rakashata rinokwikwidza.

Acacia pinki

Robinia viscoa Vent., Sezvaanodanwawo, pink acacia nharaunda kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweNorth America, inosimwawo muUkraine. Muti unogona kusvika kubva pa7 kusvika ku12 mamita pakukwirira, asi kutarisira upenyu hudiki.

Mhuzha emumvuri webhuruu unotapira, pamatavi ipapo pane zvingave zviduku. Muchero wemuti wacho wakafukidzwa nehutu hwakawanda, hwakamupa zita iroro. Acacia pinki inokura huru, kusvika 2-3 cm murefu, mavara asina kunhuhwirira. Iyo inounganidzwa mumapurasitiki akazara 6-12 zvidimbu uye yakafukidzwawo nevhudzi rakaoma rinokwezva nyuchi. Muti unhu hwakanaka kwazvo hweuchi uye muti wemuti.

Inokodzera avo varimi vanofarira kukura zvirimwa mubindu zvine ruvara rurefu, sezvo kune 4-5 mazaya emaruva anogara kusvikira pakati pemusi waSeptember, rudzi urwu rwemanga. Mashizha emuti uyu mukuru, kusvika masendimita makumi maviri pakureba. Pamusoro pebhuruu rakasvibirira, kubva pasi pejeri, inounganidzwa pa petiole muchiyero kubva pa13 kusvika ku25 zvidimbu.

Danda risinganzwisisiki, kusanaya kwechando (kunomira kusvika kune -28 degrees), kunogona kukura pane imwe ivhu.

Acacia silvery

Inonyatsozivikanwa kune vose vanonzi post-Soviet women mimosa, iyi ndiyo acacia, iyo inogara kuAustralia uye pachitsuwa cheTasmania.

Uyu muti unogara uri muchero unogona kusvika mamiriyoni makumi mana nemaviri munyika yawo, asi mune dzimwe nyika haupfuuri mamita gumi nemaviri. Gwaro raro rine gwezi rakajeka kana kuti shazha rakasviba rine kupenya kwepamusoro, uko gum inopukunyuka.

Mashizha aya ane ruvara-ruvara, akaparadzaniswa kaviri, anoshandiswa pane petiole uye anosvika kubva pane masendimita 10 kusvika ku20 cm. Maruva acho maduku zvikuru, nenzira yehutambo marumisi, anounganidzwa mu racemose inflorescences, kubva pane panicles yakaumbwa. Vane simba rakanyanya uye rinofadza.

Mbeu yeAacacia isirivha yakasviba uye yakasimba, inogona kuva matte kana zvishoma kupenya.

Acacia white

Robinia, kana kuti nhema nhema (Robinia pseudacacia L.) yakanyatsogadziriswa kunyika yeEurope uye inozivikanwa kune vakawanda vayo. Maruva ayo machena anotumira kunhuhwirira kwakasimba uye kunakidza, kuswededza kwete vanhu chete, asiwo nyuchi.

Muti uyu unorarama pamwero kubva pamakore makumi matatu kusvika makumi mana, une bark brownish, korona yakasvibirira nemashizha emagetsi asingasviki. Zvibereko zvemuganda mutsvuku zvinoputika munaSeptember-

Acacia murapi

Mikemikari yeAcacia bark uye iyo inoshanda pamuviri haisati yanyatsodzidza, asi kunyange nhasi kushandiswa kubva kune iyo hakurudziro chete nevanoita vanhu, asiwo nemishonga yepamutemo. Sezvo maruva, maruva nemichero yemiti iyi inowanzova nechepfu, inogona kushandiswa chete mushure mekutaurirana nachiremba uye mune zvinyorwa zvinorayirwa.