Zvirongwa: mutauro Assembly. Kunyatsogona mutauro gungano

Kuti muchina kuzozadzisa chikwata hwevanhu panguva Hardware pamwero, unofanira tsanangurai kutevedzana kwezviitiko zviito mumutauro "Kwemagandanga Achishandisa Kombiyuta". Assistant muchiitiko ichi kunova Assembler. Ichi utility kuti anoshanda shanduro kupinda muchina mutauro mirayiridzo. Zvisinei, achinyora purogiramu - kwazvo nguva-pakuzadza uye zvakaoma muitiro. mutauro uyu hachisi chokutsanangura kusika chiedza uye matanho nyore. Panguva iyoyo, zvose mutauro zvirongwa (assembler anoshanda wakanaka) kunoita kuti kunyora chaiyo chaitwa zvinangwa, izvo zvakasimba kukanganisa mashandiro ari Hardware. Chinangwa chikuru ndechokudzibatsira kusika Micro-Ops uye Codes diki. mutauro uyu inopa mikana kupfuura Somuenzaniso, Pascal kana C

tsananguro pfupi mutauro gungano

mitauro All zvirongwa vakakamurwa zvese: pasi uye yakakwirira. Chero syntactic "mhuri" Assembler maitiro kunoratidzwa pakuti integrates zvakananga vamwe rakajairika unhu uye mitauro ano. Kune vamwe vane pachinhu chokuti unogona kushandisa zvizere yekombiyuta.

A pachena chepfungwa compiler zviri nyore kushandisa. Izvi zvakasiyana avo kuti vashande chete vaine siyana. Kana isu kufungawo kumbovapo Assembler zvirongwa mutauro unoshanda kaviri sezvo nokukurumidza uye nani. Kunyora zviri nyore kuti chirongwa, hakufaniri nguva yakawandisa.

Dzokororai nemamiriro mutauro

Kana isu kutaura zvavo nemamiriro uye kushanda mutauro, tinogona kutaura kuti chokwadi kuti chikwata chake kutevedzera zvizere mirayiro processor. Kureva Assembler anoshandisa mashoko anobatsira, chinonyanya zvakakodzera munhu inyorwe.

Kusiyana nevamwe mitauro zvirongwa, Assembler rinoshandiswa pachinzvimbo pakero kunyora kuyeuka masero runotsanangurwa tags. Vanomhanya bumbiro remitemo rokushandura kwacho dzinonzi nhungamiro. Ichi hama kero, zvisingakwanisi kuchinja kushanda processor (kwete kushandurirwa muchina mutauro), uye zvakakodzera kuti vanoziva kupfuura zvirongwa kwezvakatipoteredza.

Rine yayo processor kuti mutsetse mumwe nomumwe murayiro hurongwa. In Muchiitiko ichi, kodzero chero muitiro, kusanganisira rakashandurwa chizvarwa remitemo.

mutauro Assembly ane syntaxes wandei, izvo ichakurukurwa munyaya.

mutauro zvayakanakira

Anokosha uye chinonyanya zvakakunakira mudziyo mutauro gungano zvichava kuti zvinokwanisika kunyora chero purogiramu processor, iyo ichava zviduku. Kana bumbiro iri zvikuru, kuti zvirongwa zvakatipoteredza vamwe pezvakaitwa redirects kupinda ndangariro. Zvisinei, ivo vose vanoita nekukurumidza zvikuru uye flawlessly, kana chokwadi, vari kutarisirwa anokwanisa programmer.

Vatyairi, anodawo hurongwa, Bios, compilers, vaturikiri, etc. - .. Zvose mumutauro purogiramu assembler.

Kana kushandisa disassembler, izvo zvinoita kududzirwa muchina iri mumutauro kombiyuta unogona nyore kunzwisisa sei izvi kana kuti hurongwa basa, kunyange kana hachisi hazvidi tsananguro. Zvisinei, izvi zvinoita chete kana chiedza purogiramu. Zvinosuruvarisa ichocho rakanyatsojeka zvakaoma non-duku romutemo.

nezvayakaipira mutauro

Zvinosuruvarisa ruzivo programmers (uye kazhinji nyanzvi) zvakaoma kuti kunze mutauro. The assembler kunoda rondedzero mirairo zvakafanira. Nokuti kuti aifanira kushandisa muchina instructions, kuwedzera mukana wokuti yakakanganiswa zviito uye kunzwisisa Implementation.

Kuti kunyora kunyange nyore purogiramu yacho programmer anofanira vanokodzera, uye ake pamwero ruzivo panzvimbo yakakwirira. Mumwe munhuwo unyanzvi, zvinosuwisa, kazhinji anonyora bumbiro zvakaipa.

Kana papuratifomu iro papurogiramu akasikwa, akagadziridzwa, zvikwata zvose zvinofanira rewritten noruoko - kwaidiwa mutauro pachayo. The assembler Haritsigiri kwangoitwa kudzora muitiro kuita uye yaitsiva chero zvinoriumba.

mutauro chikwata

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, mumwe processor ane mirayiridzo pachavo yakatarwa kwayo. Simple zvinhu kuti anozivikanwa marudzi ose anotevera Codes:

• Data kuchinjirwa rinoitwa kushandisa mov uye t. D.
• Mirayiro kwakabatana svomhu: dzesub, imul, et unto.
• Bitwise uye musoro mabasa anogona akaziva nokushandisa kana, uye zvichingodaro. N. Ndivo zvinokosha mutauro gungano kubvumira kuti rakafanana nemamwe.
• Kuitira kuti kuchinja kubva chikwata mumwe, iwe muvanyore dzaishandisa dzakadaro: djnz, cfsneq, cjne. Mano programmers zvingaita kuti uyu boka tsamba chete, asi ichi hachisi chokwadi.
• Nokubuda anechekuita panyaya, kana unofanira kupinda chengarava (kana goho kwazviri).
• Kudzora mirayiro zvinosanganisira Int. Pamusana kwaari, unogona kugumisa chero kwacho nyasha huru chiito.

Uchishandisa nhungamiro

Microcontroller Programming (Assembler anosiya uye kuzvigona pokuvhiyiwa), yakadereresa pamwero kakawanda rinoguma zvinobudirira. Zvakanakisisa kushandisa processors dzine upfumi. 32-ikakuruma michina kuti mutauro zvinonyatsoenderana zvakakwana. Kazhinji, Codes kuonekwa nhungamiro. Chii ichi? Uye nokuti chii anoshandisa?

Tinofanira kutanga kuisa pfungwa yokuti murayiro haana kushandurirwa muchina mutauro. Ivo waidzora kuita basa nokuda compiler. Kusiyana murayiro, kuti parameters, kuva akasiyana mashandiro, zvakasiyana kwete nekuda processors siyana, asi tichiregeredza mumwe mushanduri. Pakati huru nhungamiro ndedzinotevera:

• Terrific macro.
• Panewo Murayiro chine mutauro soro. Assembler zvakakwana "verenga" navo uye achiita.
• Mashandiro anoita richiona uye kudzora compiler modes.
• Kuziva constants uye variables.
• Regulation pamusoro zvirongwa zviri mundangariro.

Origin of zita

Nemhaka chii anonzi mutauro - "Assembler"? Tiri kutaura muturikiri uye compiler, unobereka mashoko crypting. From Chirungu Assembler zvinoreva chinhu, sezvo nemuteresi. Chirongwa asina aunganidzwa manually, otomatiki mamiriro yaishandiswa. Uyezve, panguva iyoyo kare vane vanoshandisa uye nyanzvi kudzimwa musiyano okuti. Assembler anowanzodanwa zvirongwa mitauro, kunyange rinongova chombo.

Nokuda kazhinji kugamuchirwa seboka zita vamwe pane chisarudzo yakakanganiswa kuti pane imwe mutauro yakaderera-pamwero (kana mwero wokuyera kwaari). Kuna programmer ndaiziva worudzii mamiriro mune mubvunzo, zvakakodzera tsanangurai, nokuti ani papuratifomu uchishandisa imwe kana mumwe mutauro gungano.

macromedia

mutauro Assembly, iyo akasika panongova yapfuura, vane macromedia. Ivo aivabatsira vose kunyora uye kuurayiwa chirongwa. Nemhaka zvavo pamberi, ivo compiler anoita wakanyorwa zvikuru nokukurumidza. Kana ukaronga zvimiso selection, unogona kunyora guru block mirayiro, uye nyore kushandisa macromedia. Vanobvumira kuti nokukurumidza ufambe pakati zviito, panyaya mamiriro kana kukundikana.

Kana tichishandisa makro Nemirayiro mutauro programmer anogamuchira assembler macro. Dzimwe nguva zvinogona kushandiswa nevakawanda, uye dzimwe nguva yaro dzichipfekeka zvinhu zviri kuderedzwa kuti murayiro chete. Kuvapo kwavo bumbiro nyore kushanda navo, zvichiita zvikuru nzwisisa uye yakajeka. Zvisinei, achiri zvinofanira kungwarira - dzimwe nguva, macro nekusiyana, achiipa zvinhu.