Zvinyorwa zvekuverenga muRussia. Vakuru veRussia vanyori nevanyori

Nzvimbo dzekuverenga muRussia - chinhu chinofambira kune vakawanda vanoyemura tarenda yemanyori akakurumbira nevanyori. Ikoko, sei kwete pano, iwe unopinda mumweya wemabasa avo, unotanga kunzwisisa nhamba yako yaunofarira mumabhuku here? Kunyanya kuremekedza ndiko kushanyira kunzvimbo dzinyorwa dzeRussia, uko vanyori nevanyori vakashandisa huduku hwavo nevechidiki. Mushure mezvose, ichi ndicho chibereko chekuumbwa kwetarenda ravo, maonero epasi uye maitiro, izvo zvinoratidzwa mubasa rinotevera. Zvakadaro, somuenzaniso, ndiyo nzvimbo dzinoberekwa dzeL. N. Tolstoy, I. S. Turgenev, N. A. Nekrasov.

The Tsarskoe Selo Lyceum

Tsarskoe Selo inogona kunzi yakakosha yekugadzira matarenda ezana remakore re XIX. Yakanga iri kubva pasi pepiko rechirongwa ichi apo AS Pushkin, VK Kukhelbeker, II Pushchin, ME Saltykov-Shchedrin nevamwe vazhinji vezvematongerwe enyika uye artists vakabuda.

Yakagadzwa muna 1811 nekuraira kwaAlexandro I, i lyceum yaive yekugadzirira vakuru vezveruzhinji rweRussia. Kwemakore matanhatu ekudzidziswa, vechidiki vakagamuchira dzidzo yakanaka kwazvo, yakaenzana nedzidzo yeyunivesiti.

Zvechokwadi, mudzidzi akakurumbira, uyo aiziva Tsarskoe Selo, aiva Pushkin. Iko pano apo anotanga kunyora nhetembo, achiri kutevedzera Zhukovsky, Batiushkov uye French romantic vanyori. Panguva imwecheteyo, mavambo ehuchenjeri hunouya hunoonekwa pano.

Nguva yekudzidza yakabatana nechimwe chiitiko chakakosha muhupenyu hwemunyori wenhetembo. Yaiva panguva ino iyo basa rake rekutanga duku "Kushamwari yechinyorwa" rakabudiswa. Makore okudzidza vakapedza nguva dzose vayeuka nekudziya, vaine hanya nemwoyo wose nezvekuguma kwechigaro chako chaunoda.

Panguva iyo Tsarskoe Selo Lyceum iri sangano rekushandira uko iwe unogona kuona muchengeti wekamuri (akazvitumidza kuti sero) pachedu, pamwe chete nenzvimbo yekudzidza uye yekuongorora kwekupedzisira, apo Pushkin akashamisira matarenda evanodzidzisa zvikuru.

A.S. Pushkin: Mikhailovskoye

Ndinoda kutaura pamusoro peimwe nzvimbo mbiri dzakabatana neunyanzvi hwePushkin. Yokutanga Mikhailovskoye. Iyi ndiyo mhuri inowanikwa amai varoyi, vakavakwa na sekuru vake Hannibal munyika yePaskov.

Vanyori vekushongedza kwePushkin, uye vese vaverengi vakashanyira pano, cherechedza kuti mifananidzo yemhando yemabasa akawanda inoita seyakanyorwa kubva kune ruzivo rwemhizha wemuiti kubva munzvimbo idzi. Kwenguva yokutanga mudetembi anoziva hupenyu hwemaruwa akaenzana mushure mokuguma kweRyceum, muna 1817. Pushkin yakashamiswa nekukwirira kwenyika yakapoteredza uye chimiro chinotonga pano.

Gare gare, muna 1824, achatumirwa pano akadzingwa, panguva iyo vazhinji vanoita basa vanosiya peni yeunyanzvi. "Boris Godunov", "Arap waPeter Mukuru", inenge yakazara nhoroondo yose "Eugene Onegin" yakanyatsonyorwa mumakore aya.

Kunyangwe mushure mekuvengwa kwekudzingwa, Pushkin kazhinji anodzoka mukufemerwa, nokuti iri muMikhailovskoye kuti anonyanya kunzwa manzwiro ake enhetembo. Kushanya kwekupedzisira kumunda kunosangana nechiitiko chinosuruvarisa - muvariro weamai, uye mwedzi mishomanana mushure mokunge mudetembi wacho pachake anoparara mu duel. Gomba rake riri pano, muMikhailovskoye.

Boldino

Boldinskaya autumn ... Iyi nguva yehupenyu hwaPushkin inoratidzirwa nekusati kwamboitwa kugadzira upsurge, iyo yainzwa paaigara muimba yeBoldino estate. Rwendo rwake rwomumanikidzi muusiku wechato naNatalia Goncharova vakazvuzvurudzwa pamusana pekupararira kwechirwere chekurira muSt. Petersburg. Akafuridzirwa nehupenyu hwemhuri huchauya, munyori wenhetembo ari pamusoro pekufuridzirwa. Pano iye anopedzisa "Eugene Onegin", anonyora zvizhinji zve "Matambudziko Mashomanana", "Tale yePristi uye Mubasa Wake Balda", uye "The Belkin's Tale".

Iyi nzvimbo dzekunyora dzeRussia dzinofanirwa kushanyira vose vanonamata hunyanzvi hwePushkin guru.

M. Yu Lermontov: Pyatigorsk

Kune nzvimbo muRussia, zvisingabvumirwi kuwirirana nehupenyu nebasa reumwe mutetembi akakurumbira wezana remakore re XIX - M. Yu Lermontov.

Chokutanga, iyi ndiyo Caucasian city-resort Pyatigorsk. Iyi nzvimbo yakaita basa rinokosha muupenyu hwemunyori wenhetembo. Kutanga kuzivana naPyatigorsk kwakaitika muhutano hweLermontov - kwaiva pano apo mbuya vake vakauya naye kunatsiridza hutano hwake, nokuti mudetembi yeramangwana akakura kuva mwana anorwadza zvikuru. Chimiro cheCaucasus chakashamisa Lermontov zvikuru. Kubva pauduku hwake akanga ane zvipo mumunda wekutora. Kubva pasi pebhurobha yake kwakauya zvakawanda zvemasvosve anoyevedza, akatorwa nemakomo.

Kusvikira nhasi muPyatigorsk kushambidza kwakatsva kunoshanda uko mudetembi aibatwa. Kuonekwa kwake kwezvinonzi "sangano remvura" kwakaratidzwa munyaya "Mhandara Maria".

Izvo zvinoshandiswa mberi zvejaya iri jaya rinosangana neCaucasus. Pano Lermontov akawana rufu rwake. Netsaona, dambudziko rakaitika muPyatigorsk. Achisarudza kugumisa basa rake, akapedzisira akaenda kuCaucasus, achikwereta imba duku nababamunini vake. Pano ivo vakanonoka pakurapa pamvura. Musi waJuly 27, 1841, deri rakaurayiwa reLermontov pamwe chete neanozivikanwa kwenguva yakareba yeMartynov inoitika. Pano, pamusana weHudk, mudetembi akavigwa, asi mushure memwedzi mitatu madota ake akatakurwa kumhuri yakachema - M. Yu Lermontov achiripo. Russia yakarasikirwa neimwe nyanzvi nyanzvi.

Iko kunofanira kutaurwa kuti chiyeuchidzo chomudetembi chitsvene muPyatigorsk. Nzvimbo yekugara kwake kwekupedzisira, imba iyo kukakavadzana naMartynov kwakaitika, nzvimbo ye duel uye kuvigwa kwekutanga kweLermontov - nzvimbo iyo vaenzi veguta vanoshanyira pasina.

Tarkhany

Tarkhanya Museum-Reserve ndeimwe nzvimbo iyo isinganzwisisiki yakabatana naMu Yu Lermontov. Kubwinya kwake kwakapfuura napamusoro pevanhu ava. Pano, hupenyu hwemhuri yakanaka yezana remakore re XIX hunodzokororwa nehuwandu hwezvinyorwa. Mukuwedzera kune imba yevarume, imba yomuchengeti weimba uye imba yomurume inozarurirwa kune vashanyi. Uyewo vashanyi vanogona kukudza chirangaridzo chomudetembi mumhuri ye crypt, kwaanovigwa, uye mumutambo.

Iyi Museum-Reserve inotungamirira hupenyu hwemagariro ehupenyu: mitambo nemitambo yakatsaurirwa kune nyanzvi inogara ichiitwa. Nguva yezororo yaLermontov yakave tsika, iyo inoitika pano muvhiki yekupedzisira yeJuly.

Museum of NA Nekrasov muChudovo

Vanyori vazhinji nevanyori veRussia vanonzwisisika kana iwe ukawana hupenyu hwavo hwezuva nezuva, uye kunyange zviri nani, mamiriro ezvinhu apo huduku hwakapfuura. Panyaya iyi, NA Nekrasov hazvisi izvo. Kubva muchikoro chechikoro tinoziva kuti ndeyekucherechedza kwevana hwehupenyu hwakaoma hwevaSeferi avo vakanyanya kutsanangura kutungamirirwa kwebasa redhiriri.

Imba-museum yeNa Nekrasov ndiyo nzvimbo apo mudetembi akazorora mweya kubva kuhupenyu hweguta, achivhimwa uye akagashira kufemerwa kwemabasa matsva. Inowanikwa muChudovo uye inowanikwa mune imwe nzvimbo yakawanda yezita rimwe chete. Iko pano iyo yakakurumbira "Chudov cycle" yakanyorwa, 11 nhetembo dzakanaka. Sezvo mutemo, Nekrasov anovhimwa munzvimbo idzi. Pano, kunyange mudetembi anonyanya kurwara anogumisa basa rake guru - nhetembo "Kune Uyo MuRussia Anorarama Zvakanaka".

Panguva iyo musimamende yeimba iri imba yekuvhima, mairi, kunze kwekamuri dzomunyori wechirangaridzo nemudzimai wake, kune imba yekudyira, hofisi, dzimba dzevaeni. Yokupedzisira, nenzira, yakanga iri pano-vazhinji vanyori vakauya pano kuzovhima pamwe neNekrasov: Saltykov-Shchedrin naPleshcheev, Mikhailovsky naUspensky. Uyewo, kutarisa kwevashanyi kunomiririrwa nekuvakwa kwechikoro chekurima.

Imyuziyamu yeimba inowanzoita zviratidzo nemapurogiramu evashanyi vemakore akasiyana-siyana.

Museum of FI Tyutchev muOvstuga

Imba yemhuri yaTimchechev yaive yemhuri yerunyararo nguva refu asati aberekwa: pakati pezana remakore rechi18, tateguru wenhetembo akatanga kugadzira imba kune dzimwe nyika yaakagamuchira se dowry mushure memuchato.

Baba vomudetembi, vagamuchira kodzero yenhaka, vanotanga kuwedzera imba. Nenguva isipi pano inokura chikwi chic mumweya wekuchikoro neimba ine imba, yakashongedzwa nemitambo, ine mapiro. Inowanikwa pamabhangi erwizi, ine dhiyo yayo ine gazebo. Iyi nzvimbo inova yeTyutchev haisi yemhepo chete, asiwo yakafuridzirwa. Munyori wenhetembo, achikudza zvisikwa mumarudzi ose akasiyana-siyana, anoratidza mifananidzo kubva munzvimbo idzi - ivo vanoyeukwa nemweya wake.

Zvinosuruvarisa, nzvimbo yacho haina kunyorerwa zvakakodzera, uye yakasvika pakuparadzwa, asi kuvakwa zvishoma nezvishoma kuri kuitika. Kana pakutanga kuenda kune nzvimbo idzi dzekunyora muRussia kwakagumira kuchikoro chekumaruwa, ikozvino vanofukidza mupiko wevaeni, pamwe nechechi. Uyewo, vashanyi vanogona kuona chigadziro chakagadzirwa zvakare, chikwata chiri pachitsuwa chacho uye chic lime nzira.

Peredelkino

Kunyora mabhuku eRussia, tinofanira kutaura avo vanobatanidzwa nemabasa evanyori vezana remakore rechi20. Izvi zvikurukuru Peredelkino. Iyi ndiyo nzvimbo iyo ndiyo inotarisa makamuri evanhu vose vanyori vekunyora zvemazana emakore makumi maviri.

Chirevo chekuvaka musha umo vanhu vachazorora, kurarama uye kugadzira vanyori veRussia, vaive vaMer Gorky. Ndiye uyo akatenga muna 1934 chikamu chevhu nekuda kwezvinangwa izvi. Munguva pfupi nguva pfupi, dzimba dzekutanga 50 dzakavakwa zvakare. Pakati pevashandi vavo vaiva A. Serafimovich, L. Kassil, B. Pasternak, I. Ilf, I. Babel.

Vagari vomunharaunda nevakawanda vanyora mushure mehondo vari kuvaka dzimba: V. Kataev, B. Okudzhava, E. Yevtushenko, B. Akhmadulina. Pano kune vana vomunzvimbo iyoyo anonyora nhau dzake dzakanaka naK. Chukovsky.

Pamunharaunda yemuguta kune Hora yeVanyori, uye kubva mumasimamende aripo anokwanisa kuona dzimba dzeBasternak, K. Chukovsky, B. Okudzhava, E. Yevtushenko. Vanyori vazhinji uye vanyori vakawana nzvimbo yavo yekupedzisira pano.