Zvinodhaka - chii ichi? kupatsanura avo nemapoka

Pharmacology - sayenzi kuti kudzidza migumisiro zvinodhaka pamusoro womunhu, nzira kubudisa zvinodhaka matsva. Kunyange muGirisi yekare uye kuIndia, muna achinaya mvura uye kumaodzanyemba kumucheto Africa, vanhu vakaedza kuwana nzira kurwisa chirwere. Yakanga iri pfungwa madiro, hope kuti mutengo achiedza.

pharmacological mazwi

Medicaments - vari zvinhu kana mubatanidzwa yayo anoshandiswa kurapa zvirwere kana sezvo matanho.

The mushonga - mushonga riri kare kugadzirira kushandiswa.

Pane zvakasiyana siyana mishonga. Izvi zvinoitwa nokuda nyore uye zvinoita munhu yokusvika kurapwa wevarwere. Uyezve, nemhaka siyana yokusunungurwa siyana anogona kununura zvinodhaka mumuviri munzira dzakawanda. Zviri nyore kushanda varwere nenzira chavanoziva ezvinhu, uyewo vanhu vakagamuchira kukuvara uye anopisira.

List A uye B

mishonga All vanokamurwa muzvikwata zvitatu:

- List A (chepfu);

- List B (simba nzira, kusanganisira analgesics);

- mishonga kuti anowanika pasina mushonga.

Zvinodhaka dzekirasi A uye B zvinoda zvikuru nezvayo, saka kuti navo chemishonga pomumbure kunoda chinokosha yokubika. Uyewo, unofanira kuziva kuti achengetere mishonga apo uye sei. Sezvo vanogona zvinoshatisa mu chezuva kana kutenga zvimwe chepfu ehupfumi. Vamwe nzira dzakadai morphine, vari pasi pakuomerera kuzvidavirira. Naizvozvo, chinu nerimwe muchayamwa pakuguma basa kuchinja pamwe runoenzanirana kupinda mune danda. Shongai rekodhi zvimwe mishonga: antipsychotics, zvinodhaka nokuda yokutindivadza, yokudzivirira.

Recipes

Recipe - yakwidzwa rakanyorwa kuti chiremba kana mishonga mishonga ine chikumbiro kutengesa zvinodhaka murwere, zvichiratidza chimiro, chipimo chemushonga uye nzira uye kakawanda kushanda. Blank basa Unozadzisa pakarepo zvokurapa, zvemitemo, uye gwaro, kana zvinodhaka vanopiwa murwere ane zvaunoda hwaro, kana pasina mubhadharo.

Pane mitemo kuti anoita mitemo varwere vanachiremba unyanzvi siyana, uye nzvimbo dzavo.

Drug - hazvina chete zvacho kuti anogona kubvisa zvirwere kana ayo zviratidzo, asi uturu, saka chiremba anofanira nemazvo anoratidza chipimo chemushonga ane mushonga pa buditsa.

mishonga

Muchimiro mushonga rakanyorwa Arabic sezviverengo uwandu zvinodhaka ari vakawanda kana vhoriyamu vezvikwata zviri grade hurongwa. Yose magiramu vakaparadzana neboka koma Somuenzaniso, 1.0. Kana Kuronga zvinodhaka zvinosanganisira madonhwe, nhamba yavo varehwa sezviverengo Roman. Vamwe mishonga vari dzaona mune dzakawanda (Iu) kana utachiona dzakabatana (Iu).

Medicaments - zvinhu kuti uve hwakasimba, mvura kana gaseous chimiro. Mvura uye magasi ari Quick zvinoratidzwa muna milliliters, panyaya inhalation, chiremba anogona cherechedza chete dose kurapwa rakaoma.

Panoperera chinoramba inofanira yakasainwa nachiremba uye pachako kudhinda. Uyewo, yakati pasipoti Data murwere, akadai zita, initials, zuva rokuzvarwa. Iva nechokwadi kuti kuisa pasi musi chinoramba yayo refu. Kune chaiyo siyana kunyora tsamba subsidized mishonga, narcotics, hypnotics, antipsychotics uye kurwadziwa. chiratidzo chavo hachisi chete chiremba asiwo mukuru chiremba muchipatara, anovimbisa chisimbiso chake, uye kumativi chisimbiso muchipatara kumusoro akakwirira.

Hazvitenderwi nyora Ester mu outpatient yokutindivadza, fentanyl, chloroethane, ketamine nezvimwe soporific mumiririri. Munyika dzakawanda Latin varayire Quick uye mazano paakapiwa chete yakanyorwa mumutauro zvinonzwisisika kuti murwere. For zvinodhaka Inobaya kururama kwemashoko nemvumo kutengeswa ndeyevanyori mazuva mashanu, zvokurapa doro - gumi, vamwe inogona kutengwa mukati memwedzi miviri kubva musi mushonga.

General kupatsanura

Munguva kuitika, apo pane zvikuru kujairika chinodhaka, mumwe kupatsanura kunokosha kuti atungamirirwe kusiyana kwavakaita. Nokuti chinangwa ichi, vanoverengeka kwakajairika mutungamiriri:

1. Kuchirapa Kushandisa - kuumba boka nemishonga inoshandiswa kurapa chirwere chete.
2. Pharmacological chiito - zvingaita kuti chinodhaka unobereka mumuviri.
3. Chemical mamiriro.
4. Nosological musimboti. Ndizvo zvakafanana kuchirapa, asi musiyano chinotonyanya rakamanikana.

Kupatsanura mumapoka

Pakutanga kwezana zvokurapa, vanachiremba vakaedza kuronga pachavo zvinodhaka. Kupatsanura sezvo vakadaro akauya nokuedza mishonga uye druggists, rakanyorwa pachishandiswa achitandadza chikumbiro. Raisanganisira nezvipoka dzakadaro:

1. Psychotropic zvinodhaka uye kuita pamusoro nechepakati tsinga nevasori (anxiolytics, antipsychotics, sedatives, antidepressants, antiepileptics, Anti-anogumbura).

2. Zvinodhaka kuita pamusoro peripheral tsinga (ganglioplegic, anticholinergics)

3. dzomunharaunda rufimbi.

4. Formulations rinochinja vascular matauriro.

5. diuretic uye cholagogue.

6. Zvinodhaka kukanganisa nhengo yomunyika secretion uye muviri.

7. Mishonga inorwisa uye antiseptics.

8. Anticancer zvinodhaka.

9. Means nokuti Diagnostics (madhayi, kusiyana vamiririri, radionuclides).

Izvi uye kuparadzana zvakafanana inobatsira vanachiremba vaduku kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro huripo zvinodhaka. Kupatsanura mumapoka zvinobatsira intuitively kunzwisisa mashandiro chiito ane zvinodhaka chipimo chemushonga uye kurangarira.

Kupatsanura pakati makemikari mamiriro

Nyaya iyi chinonyanya akakodzera kupatsanura pakati akambozvishandisa kuuraya utachiona uye inorwisa utachiona nevamiririri. Kusiyanisa bactericidal uye zvinodhaka bacteriostatic. Kupatsanura kwemakemikari mamiriro chinofukidza mapoka aya maviri. The kwemakemikari nemamiriro fuma inoratidza mashandiro zvinodhaka chiito uye zita rayo.

1. Halides. At paro, vane makemikari chinhu pamusoro halogen boka: chloro, fluoro, Bromo, iodo. Somuenzaniso, antiformin, chloramine, pantotsid, iodoform uye nevamwe.
2. Oxidants. Hazvina kuoma kuti zvokufungidzira kuti mashandiro avo kuita nechinangwa paumbwe yakawanda vakasununguka okisijeni. Izvi zvinosanganisira hydrogen peroxide, gidroperit crystals kuti potassium permanganate.
3. Acid. Ivo anoshandiswa mukurapa akawanda. The kupfuura nomukurumbira vavo - salicylic asidhi uye boric.
4. Alkali: yavaibvisa borate, bikarmint, amoniya.
5. Aldehydes. Hwaro mashandiro chiito - kukwanisa kubvisa mvura kubva munyama, achivaita chandagwinyira. Representatives - formalin Formidron, Lizoform, methenamine, urosal ethyl doro.
6. Munyu inorema simbi: mercuric chloride, mekuri mafuta, calomel, matombo, colloid sirivha, mhangura sulfate, kutungamirira nama, zingi oxide namatidza Lassara, et unto.
7. Phenols. Vari muchishungurudza uye cauterizing kushanda. Vakawanda vavo - carbolic acid, Lysol.
8. Dhayi. Akashandiswa chirwere maitirwo ezvinhu uye somunhu yomunzvimbo irritant uye antibacterial mumiririri. Izvi zvinosanganisira methylene yebhuruu, kupenya mutema, fukortsin.
9. Tars uye Inogadzirwa nemasiridzi anobuda mumiti, semuenzaniso, Wisniewski nebharisami, mafuta Wilkinson, ichthyol, Paraffin, naphthalene, Soultz. Kuvandudza vemunzvimbo kweropa.

Solid medicaments

Formulations ava vamiririri zvinotevera: mapiritsi, mapiritsi, Nezvakakuyiwa, capsules uye granules uye zvimwe zvinodhaka. Kutsunga yesununguro chimiro haasi kuoma, sezvo zvichiita pamwe akashama ziso yokusarudza zviri pamberi penyu.

Mahwendefa vari kuwanikwa kuumba upfu zvinosanganisira basa chirungiso uye ebetsero. Kazhinji izvi zvinoitwa pasi kumanikidzwa.

Dragees - riri akaturikidzana vanoshingaira zvinhu uye Excipients, Iskarioti vakaoma vakakomberedza granules.

Nezvakakuyiwa hunoshandiswa akawanda. Vanogona kunwa, arisase navo maronda, sanganisa ne sesaline uye kubaya intramuscularly kana nomutsinga. Kusiyanisa undosed uye chipimo chemushonga Nezvakakuyiwa izvo, akavapindurawo, pane nyore uye zvakaoma kunzwisisa.

The capsules vari gelatin goko ine mvura, granular, powdery kana mushonga pasty.

Granules vanowanzobatwa kuwanikwa gadziriro Homeopathic vane chimiro nezvimedu diki (isingasviki pahafu millimeter).

mvura-mvura siyana

By nzira iyi kugadzirira gadziriro zvinosanganisira zvinogadzirisa, uye novogalenovyh galenic Formulations, salves, collodion, uye zvimwe zvokunwa uye Semi-zvakasimba embodiments.

The zvingaitwa dzakaumbwa pashure nokusanganisa zvinodhaka uye solvent, zvakadai semvura kana doro.

gadziriro Galenic acho chete chirimwa atakatora yaunganidzwa kudziyisa.

Infusions uye decoctions vakagadzirira kubva akaoma zvirimwa. Mumwe nomumwe zviratidzo izvi vari aiitwa, kusanganisira uwandu solvent kushandiswa mishonga.

Aizomupa uye mushoma - pamusoro zvinopesana, doro-rine mvura. Vanogona kuva akachena uye spirtovodnymi kana spirtoefirnymi. Novogalenovyh Formulations vakasiyana kwakajairika galenic, yakakwirira mwero wokunatswa yakatsvuka zvinhu rakapedzwa chigadzirwa.

Special mhando zvinodhaka

Conditioners vari jikichira mvura ane deodorising uye akambozvishandisa kuuraya utachiona zvivako. Collodion - mhinduro kubva cellulose nitrate ne doro uye Eteri zvabatanidzwa mumwe matanhatu. Chete externally. Mumakenduru nhaka semifluid kusachinja-chinja uye ane chirimwa atakatora, hwakakanyiwa chawo, akadai glycerol, namo, Paraffin, etc. Lemonades uye syrups vakasikwa kuti vave nechokwadi kuti vana vaiva nyore kutora mishonga. Zvinobatsira hapana zvakavabatsirei kuti kutifadza wechidiki murwere panguva kurapwa.

chena aqueous uye jikichira mhinduro dziri akakodzera jekiseni. Vanogona kuva nyore sezvo kwakaoma. Kana varwere nguva dzose anoratidza dose of fuma uye bhuku rimwe chinu, uyewo vanorumbidza, apo chinofanira kupiwa mushonga.

zvinyoronyoro zvitarisiko

Kana kushandiswa sepokutangira mafuta kana mafuta-kufanana fuma iri mishonga nyoro. Definition, kupatsanura, kugadzira muitiro wedzera - mibvunzo yose iyi zvakakwana zvaizivikanwa mishonga uye vemishonga, chiremba inoda kuziva chete dose uye zvairatidza.

Saka, namafuta anofanira kanenge maviri nezvishanu kubva muzana yakaoma nyaya. The akakodzera kusachinja-chinja zvinogona kuitwa kuburikidza nokusanganisa Nezvakakuyiwa mafuta emhuka, namo, miriwo mafuta, petrolatum kana polyethylene glycol. Chete nzira inoshanda kuti pastas, asi vanofanira kuva viscous. Liniments nekusiyana, zvinofanira kuva emura, uye vasati kushandiswa vanofanira kuzununguswa kuti aivapo upfu iri zvakaenzana richiparadzirwa munyika solvent. Makenduru kana suppositories vari zvikukutu, asi kana anwa nokukurumidza kunyunguduka kuva mvura. The makwapa akasvibirika uyewo hwakasimba mumupanda tembiricha, asi ivo kunyunguduka kuramba ganda, pova pedyo kuonana.

Medicaments - zvinhu zviri advantageously zvirimwa mavambo, zvakaizadza ndavhiyiwa namakemikari kana mumuviri kurapwa muviri murwere nani kupfuura ivo kugaya.