Yekaterinburg: vokuparidzira

MuRussia, 15 chete maguta pamwe vanhu vanhu vanopfuura miriyoni, uye mumwe wavo - guta Yekaterinburg. Vangani vanhu nhasi vanogara mumusha uyu? Tichataura pamusoro sei kuchinja nhamba vagari, sei vanhu vakawanda vanogara imomo nhasi uye sei kuchinja nhamba mumakore anouya.

nenzvimbo nzvimbo

Anenge pakati Eurasia, pamuganhu Europe uye Asia, riri guta guru kupfuura ose ari Urals - Ekaterinburg. Kuwanda Vagari mairi kwemakore akawanda kukura, uye izvi imhaka mukana nzvimbo chete nemisha: zviri pamharadzano dzenzira dzakawanda chokufambisa uye dzaishandiswa pakutengeserana.

Guta riri kumabvazuva mujinga Makomo Ural, kukwirira kwayo pamusoro pegungwa iri 270 metres. The chivezwa guta rinoenderana nzvimbo, apo achifinyamisa zvikomo, makomo akaderera uye mapani, asi panhongonya dzawo ikoko. Ndima yacho yakakodzera kuvaka.

On muganhu Ekaterinburg zvinotora matatu nzizi Iset, Pyshma uye Patrushikha. Ural nharaunda nezvi- zvicherwa, ine kunobatsirawo kukura muguta. Location iri kure nechepakati nzvimbo munyika, kubva kuMoscow, anoparadzanisa 1660? Km. Asi iye zvakanaka akaisa pana panosangana migwagwa yakawanda, uye ichi chaiva chikonzero chikuru nokuda kwayo kukura.

nyaya

Muna 1723 nemijenya Emperor Peter Mukuru akatanga nhoroondo guta rainzi Yekaterinburg. Kuwanda rokutanga vaigara kwaiva diki: vanhu vanenge 4 zviuru. Vakanga kushanda pasi kuvakwa ironworks uye nemhuri dzavo. Mumakore maviri akanga avaka simba, nemamwe metallurgia chirimwa, ichazombova izvo dzakaratidzirwa Russia.

Kwemakore 30 guta rakura kuva guta chaiye migodhi nharaunda yacho. Muna 1807, chinzvimbo ichi hwakasimbiswa nezita "Mountain City" muzita namambo wacho simba. It pave pakuzadzisa kuwanikwa mupfumi deposits zvendarama muMakomo Ural.

Pakutanga kwezana 19-20 emakore Ekaterinburg anofukidza echimurenga kufamba. Muna October 1917, mune simba eSoviet yakatangwa. Pano yatorwa kubva mhuri Kesari Nicholas II kwakaita. Pano, mambo, mudzimai wake nevana vakapfurwa muna July 1918. Muna 1924, hurumende itsva asarudza rename guta, saka akava Sverdlovsk. Akatanga kutakura zita vanoshingaira muchinda chimurenga.

Munguva Soviet, Sverdlovsk inokura kuti ive simba maindasitiri uye muzinda. Mumakore 30 pano yakavakwa mashoma guru maindasitiri emakambani, Mwana Africa, guta riri zvishoma nezvishoma vakabatana mumisha iri pedyo, kutanga nezvifambiso zvinosvika. Panguva Second World War muna Sverdlovsk vaiva mauto maviri vari kuumbwa, kupesana akawanda muchiuto, akapa akafanira zvingakusembura muvengi pamusoro fronts zvose. Mumakore 50 Sverdlovsk anoramba kuva muindasitiri muzinda mudunhu.

Muna 1991, guta akadzokera zita rayo nhoroondo. Pashure kugadzirisa muna Ekaterinburg nokushingaira zvakunowedzera zvokutengeserana, izvo zvinoita kuti nzvimbo yakanaka uye kwazvo zvifambiso Accessibility. Rwunotanga kuumba tourist kwezvivako. Today Yekaterinburg - rimwe remaguta makurusa munyika. Ndiyo musimboti indasitiri, zvokutengeserana, mabhizimisi uye tsika.

Political kupesana

Nhasi muguta Yekaterinburg, vagari venyika iyo refu apfuura nokuda miriyoni pamutemo akakamurwa 7 maruwa: Leninsky, Oktyabrsky, Chkalovsky, Upper Iset, Ordzhenikidzevsky, Kirov, Train. Asi kare vagari veguta chikamu kugarwa akadana zvakasiyana, uye nzvimbo mazita aya anoshandiswa kuramba vari dzidziso nezuva.

Kune maindasitiri nzvimbo: Uralmash, Elmash, Khimmash kamwe kuumbwa kumativi maindasitiri mabhizimisi. Sezvo chero yokugara, pane nzvimbo inonzi "Center", "Station". Pane zvikamu muguta, vakapiwa mazita ari kukudzwa kukuru nzvimbo iri mundima yavo, zvakadai Vtuzgorodok, ainzi mukukudza mudzidzi vanhu, yehuku Farm, Vtorchermet. Dzimwe nzvimbo vainzi kuremekedza nenzvimbo zvinhu: Shartash chokuita nezita pegungwa, Uktus - zita kumakomo. Areas dzisakarurama mundima yavo uye uwandu vanhu uyewo padanho kukura kwezvivako uye ichinyaradzwa upenyu.

The simba zvokuwedzera

Monitoring uwandu vagari vakatanga kubva pakuvambwa Yekaterinburg. Maererano wokutanga vaverengwe muna 1724 kwaiva vanhu vanenge 4 zviuru. wakadzikama kuwedzera kwenhamba vagari Kubva iyoyo kunotanga. Nokuti 50 makore okutanga, nhamba yakapetwa kaviri vagari. Pakazosvika mangwanani remakore rechi19 mepu yeRussian Empire aigona kuona guta duku uye zvakarurama yakakura Yekaterinburg.

Chii nhamba iyoyo yakanga achiita kuti maguta Russian? maguta akadai yekare sezvo Kazan, Rostov, panguva ino kuverengwa 10-12 zviuru, uyewo majaya Ekaterinburg. Kuwedzera kwenhamba vagari mari nemazana evanhu pagore. A chinokosha kusvetuka ari kwouwandu hwevanhu chakaitika muna 70-80-ies remakore rechi19, apo kuvakwa emakambani matsva uye vokumaruwa mutsika kwakaitika. Sezvo zana remakore rechi19, kukura guta riri kare akayera mune zviuru zvevanhu gore negore. Uye 20-ies remakore rechi20, kunyange makumi ezviuru.

Munguva kubva muna 1923 kusvika 1931 nhamba vagari 97 zviuru vanhu vakasimuka kuti 223 zviuru. Pakazosvika 1939, guta nekaviri nhamba vagari vemo kuburikidza kushingaira maindasitiri. By pakutanga 50s pamepu iri USSR, mutsva guta 500,000th pakati Yekaterinburg. Uwandu vagari pagore anotanga kuwedzera kune makumi ezviuru.

Muna 1970, ivo Sverdlovsk vakava maguta. Muna 1992, yokutanga rinomutsa akaipa zvokuwedzera hwakanyorwa muguta racho kare. Munguva perestroika makore kuwanda Yekaterinburg ungaderedza zvishoma, asi muna 2005 zvakare akatanga kuratidza kukura. Nhasi muguta vanhu mamiriyoni 1.44 pamusoro.

Demographics

Yekaterinburg, nhamba vagari kunoramba kukura, ane wembereko zvakanaka. Muna 2011, nhoroondo chakagadzwa: kubatidza mwana 13.2 paavhareji 1,000. Nokudaro vanofa ipfupi, uye zvakasikwa yevagari ikure 2,000 vanhu gore negore. Ichi chokukomborerwa yakanaka kwazvo nokuda Russia, uko mumaguta akawanda hunofa mberi nokuberekwa unodiwa. Ekaterinburg - guta duku, avhareji yezera vagari makore 37.

basa

Ekaterinburg, rune vanhu tiri kuferefeta, kuramba zvakanaka maindasitiri mujinga kubva yaitonga Soviet Union. Uyewo, post-kweSoviet akavhura emakambani matsva akawanda, uye kukura mberi. Pasinei zvoupfumi slowdown uye rekodhi kugadzirwa rakanyoreswa muna Yekaterinburg 0.89% kwemabasa zvose. Uyu ndomumwe chakanakisisa munyika. Kuva basa rinopa dzakawanda dzavakuru vaigara muguta. Mukomana haasiyi guta rake chizvarwa, sezvo anoona zvikuru zvinogona kukura uye zviri imomo.

guta kwezvivako uye kunaka kwoupenyu

Ekaterinburg Nhasi, nhamba vagari riri pedyo mamiriyoni 1,5, ari kushingaira kuvaka migwagwa, kudzidzira nezvifambiso Network. Huwandu basa dzimba itsva uye magariro zvivako muguta rimwe soro siyana munyika. Pasinei nezvinetso unhu migwagwa, ikoroji, Yekaterinburg ndezvaJehovha guta yepamusoro upenyu. Uye kuramba kuwedzera kwevanhu - rakaisvonaka simbiso iyi.