System pakati National Okubhengi - zvoupfumi "Mufananidzo" ari mamiriro

Mabasa zvoupfumi sangano chero pamwero - kana munhu private kambani kana imwe nyika yose - zvinofanira kufungwa uye rairatidzwa nhau kuti unobatsira kuongorora mamiriro ano uye kuti Zvaifungidzirwa ramangwana. Zvisinei, kana vari zvakaita kambani kushuma mufanidzo chinhu mwero muitiro kuti haatarisiri makuru havashandisi mari okushanda, panyaya ehurumende ari zvikuru zvakaoma - upenyu hwose zvoupfumi munyika nokuti gore hazvibviri formalize mureza mushumo zvabuda zvemari. National Nhoroondo maitiro kwave akanyorerwa nechokwadi kuti marudzi ose enyika akanga mukana kuti kwezvipimo uye nyore kunzwisisa mishumo, iyo yakazoshandiswa senzira muno uye externally. About kuti, zviri SNA uye chii vari zvachiri, isu tsanangura munyaya ino.

System kuti National Nhoroondo iri guru kunzwisisa kuti dyidzana zviratidzo, izvo dzaona pachishandiswa Statistical mashoko. SNA akanga kufurirwa kwokuunganidza uye kuronga mashoko pamusoro zvoupfumi mabasa States. Yokutanga Kuedza pave kumumvuri wegadziriro munhoroondo yenyika chaiko kune thirties remakore rechimakumi maviri - Keynes uye vateveri vake vainzwisisa kuti hazvibviri kuita macroeconomic murau, apo isina azere mufananidzo National zvoupfumi. Zvisinei, simba kupfuura zvakasimbisa chitange SNS akagamuchira mukupera forties, pashure pokugadzwa zvakadai Masangano dzakawanda sezvo UN, World Bank Group uye IMF. Sezvo ichangobva kutaurwa masangano aidaro, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, uye achiposa nyika, zvakanga zvakakodzera nokuda zvimwe zviratidzo kuongorora creditworthiness uye solvency zvavo ngava, saka tinoonga ravo SNA yakatanga dzinokosha basa uye National nhoroondo hurongwa. SNA yokutanga yepamutemo mwero rakagamuchirwa muna 1953, rechipiri - muna 1968, wechitatu - muna 1993, uye pakupedzisira, ano uye nhasi - muna 2008. The chidzoke zvinodiwa matsva chokuita kugadzirisa upfumi hwenyika: inonzi yakapedza dzakabudirira kushanda mubasa indasitiri, kuti kwaita maindasitiri matsva, basa transnational makambani , uye zvichingodaro.

National Nhoroondo maitiro anoshanda pamwe anotevera parameters:

1) GDP uye GNP - maviri zviratidzi umboo ndivo Verengai zvinokosheswa zvinhu zvose uye mabasa anobudiswa munyika. Kusiyana kukuru National mudzimba chigadzirwa, ndiyo pfungwa "womukati" chinosanganisira kukosha zvinhu zvinoberekwa vasiri vagari pamusoro munharaunda ehurumende, uye shoko rokuti "nyika" non-mugari kugadzirwa vari kufungwa nezvazvo, asi kunosanganisira zvinhu zvinoitwa vagari ehurumende kunze.

2) Gross zvinodyiwa - chinomiririra Verengai tsika dzose yakatorwa nechinangwa kudyiwa zvinhu uye mabasa. Cherechedza kuti kusiyanisa kugadzirwa (kutenga semifinished mamwe kubudiswa), uye chokupedzisira rakawanda.

3) Gross - chakarurama Izvi zvinopa pfungwa yaipedzerwa guta kuwanda mumuviri uye dzepamutemo masangano. Zvinosanganisira deposits pamwe mabhanga, mari iri kuitika nhoroondo, uyewo mabasa ari kuunganidza uye kuvandudzika kubva pazvinhu zvinhu.

4) Gross upfumi - anopa pfungwa yaipedzerwa mari inenge yashandiswa nokuda vagari. Pachishandiswa zviratidzo №№2, 3 uye 4 vari akaverenga mwero zvinodyiwa uye mari, izvo zviratidzi inokosha pamusoro kuchangamuka (nhamba GDP kukura hwakakwana mutengo kana inivhesitimendi)

5) The wokumwe wezvokutengeserana pachiyero - kunoratidza sei zvakanaka akaiswa nyika anotora pamusoro musika nyika, kana iri mambure ekisipota kana imupota yacho chigadzirwa.

National Accounts nhasi ndiro mudziyo pasina pazviri pasingabviri kuti kufungidzira ano sayenzi zvoupfumi. Ruzivo uye kunzwisisa nhungamiro uye dzemaitirwe anokosha zviratidzi of SNA inokosha kuti kunzwisisa zvose makro uye megaekonomicheskih kwendangariro.