Volt stabilizer: circuit, device and principle of operation

Mune chero hutaneti, hutsvene hahuna hukama uye huri kuchinja nguva dzose. Izvi zvinowanzoshandisa magetsi kushandiswa. Nokudaro, kubatanidza zvigadziro kune imwe nzvimbo, unogona kuderedza zvakanyanya kuvhara mumutambo. Ivhareji kupotsa ndeye 10%. Zvishandiso zvakawanda zvinoshanda pamagetsi zvakagadzirirwa kuchinja zvishoma. Zvisinei, kuchinja kukuru kunokonzera kuwandisa kwevashanduri.

Izvozvo zvakagadziriswa sei?

Chinhu chinokosha chekusimudzira chinoratidzika sechishanduri. Kupfurikidza nedunhu rinoshandiswa, rinobatanidzwa kune diodes. Mune dzimwe hurumende, kune zviyero zvinopfuura zvishanu. Somugumisiro, vanoita bhulogi muzodzivirira. Pasi pe diod is transistor, shure kwayo inogadzirirwa mutongi. Uyezve, kune vane capacitors muzvigadziri. Izvo zvinogadziriswa zvinodzingwa kubva nenzira yekuvhara.

Kugadziriswa kwekupindira

Nheyo yezvigadziriswe inobva pane imwe nzira yekupindura. Pakutanga rekutanga, iyo magetsi inoshandiswa kune transformer. Kana ruzivo rwaro rwuri kupfuura huripo, ipapo diode inopinda mubasa. Iyo yakabatana zvakananga kune transistor mune rimwe dunhu. Kana tikatarisa imwe nzira yemazuva ano, iyo inotora yakawedzerwa. Muchiitiko ichi, iyo capacitor inoshandura sechishanduri.

Mushure mokunge ikozvino ichipfuura, iyo inodzokera zvakare ku transformer. Somugumisiro, iyo zita rekukosha kwemutoro rinochinja. Nokuti kugadzikana kwegadziriro iri mumutambo kune automation. Kutenda kwaro, iyo capacitors haifaniri kupisa mumutoro wevatori. Pakubuda, mainjini ikozvino anopfuurira kuburikidza nekufambisa kuburikidza neimwe firiti. Pakupedzisira, kukanganisa kunogadziriswa.

Zvichemo zvekuchengetedzwa kwemagetsi

Dunhu guru rekudzivirira magetsi yeiyo rudzi nderimwe shanduko, uye diodes. Uyewo, iyo nzira yekuvhara mairi haisipo. Vatongi ndivo vanofananidzira. Mune dzimwe mhando, zviratidzo zvekuratidzira zvinowanikwa zvakare.

Inokwanisa kuratidzira simba rekuputika mumutambo. Kunzwa kwemuenzaniso kwakasiyana chaizvo. Condensers, sekutonga, vari mudunhu rekubhadhara rudzi. Havana chekuchengetedza.

Models ne regulator

Nokuda kwefriji yezvigadzirwa, iyo yakarongeka yegasi regulator inoda . Chirongwa chayo chinoratidza kuti unogona kuisa chigadzirwa usati washandisa. Muchiitiko ichi, inobatsira pakubvisa kukanganisa kwepamusoro-nguva. Nekudaro, masimba emagetsi ezvinetso zvevashori haaimire.

Vanogadziridza vanobatanidzwawo muchinogadziriswa voltage regulator. Chirongwa chayo hachiiti kunze kwemashure mabhiriji, ayo anowirirana kune mumwe mutori wekotora. Pamwechete vatongi vanogona kuiswa mumagadziriro akasiyana-siyana. Zvakawanda munyaya iyi zvinoenderana nekupedzisira kunetseka. Uyezve, rudzi rweshanduri inowanikwa mumutsigiri inotorwa munyaya.

Stabilizers "Resanta"

I "Resant" voltage regulator circuit ndeyero yevatenderi vanobatanirana pamwe chete kune vose vanotakura. Iko kune fan yekunakisa system. Ne-high-frequency overloads, iyo inokonzera kubhadhara iyo inopinda muhurongwa.

Uyewo iyo voltage regulator circuit ye "Resanta" inosanganisira diodroji bridges. Vatongi vari mumitambo yakawanda vanowanzogadzirwa. Kukanganisa pamusoro pemutoro muzvigadziri "Resant" ndeye. Muzhinji, kupindira kunoonekwa nevose. Izvo zvisingabatsiri ndezvo rukuru ruzha rwevashanduri.

Chirongwa chemasikirwo ane voltage ye 220 V

Dunhu remhepo inosimudza magetsi 220 V rinoparadzaniswa nedzimwe majaira mukuti ine chikwata chekutonga. Ichi chinhu chakabatanidzwa zvakananga kune mutongi. Kungova kumashure kwekutsvaga mafiristiro ibhujiro rinoshandiswa. Kuti kugadziriswe kusagadziriswa, dunhu revatenderi rinowedzera. Pamutambo mushure mokunge mhepo yakagadzirirwa is capacitor.

Kuwandisa mumutambo kunoshandiswa ne transformer. Ikozvino yakashandurwa nayo. Nenzira yakawanda, hukuru hwemagetsi aya hwakareba chaizvo. Shandisa izvi zvakagadzirisa zvinokwanisa uye pa-kutsi-zero kutonhora. Nemheremhere haasi yakasiyana nedzimwe mhando dzemhando. Ikunzwisiswa kwepiramu inonyanya kuvimba nemuti. Inotaridzirwawo nemhando yemutongi akaiswa.

Maitiro ekushanda kwekusimudzira mafungiro

Dunhu rekugadzirisa magetsi gadziriro yemhando iyi yakafanana nemuenzaniso weanalogue relay. Zvisinei, kune kusiyana kune muitiro. Icho chinhu chinokosha munharaunda inofungidzirwa kuva modulator. Iyi shanduro inobatanidzwa pakuti inoverenga mavheti emitengo. Ipapo chiratidzo chacho chinoshandiswa kune imwe yevashanduri. Pane kushandiswa kwakazara kwemashoko.

Kuti uchinje hurumende, pane mabheji maviri. Zvisinei, mune dzimwe mhando yakaiswa imwe. Kuti urarame nemunda wemagetsi, muparadzi wokugadzirisa zvinoshandiswa. Apo simba racho rinomuka, rinoderedza kuwandisa kwemaitiro. Kuti urongwa hunobudirire kusvika kumhepo, ma diod anotumira chiratidzo kune vatinha. Pakubuda, simba rakadzikama rinopfuurira kuburikidza nekumhanya kwechipiri.

High-frequency models ye stabilizers

Inofananidzwa nekudzorera mitero, iyo-frequency voltage regulator (dunhu rinoratidzwa pasi apa) yakanyanya kuoma, uye inopfuura mairi diod anoshandiswa mairi. Chimwe chikamu chemhando iyi yezviridzwa chinoonekwa sechiremera chikuru.

Kuchinja mumutunhu kwakagadzirirwa kupindira kukuru. Somugumisiro, mazvigoni aya anokwanisa kudzivirira chero mishonga yemumba mumba. Iyo inoshandiswa mafirimu mukati mavo inotarirwa kumakumbo akasiyana-siyana. Nokuda kwekutsvaga kwemhepo, ikozvino kukosha kunogona kusiyana. Chiratidzo chekugadzirisa zvinowanzoita zvichawedzera pazvikamu, uye kuderera pane zvakabuda. Iko kushandurwa kweiyo ikozvino munharaunda ino inoitwa mumatanho maviri.

Pakutanga, mutenderi ane firimu pane zvaunowanikwa unobviswa. Pachiitiko chechipiri, bhiriji ye diode yakashandurwa. Kuti urongwa hwekushandura huripo huzadziswe, urongwa hunodikanwa nekugadzirisa. Iyo yakaiswa, sekutonga, pakati pevashori. Nokudaro, kutonhora mumutambo kunochengetedzwa pane zvakakodzera. Mukuwedzera, iyo sarudzo inocherechedza simba rine simba. Kushandiswa kwechikwata chekuchengetedza kunoenderana nekushanda kwayo.

Zvigadzirisiti zve 15 V

Nezvigadzirwa zvine voltage yeVV 15, network network power regulator inoshandiswa, iyo dunhu rayo iri nyore nyore muurongwa hwayo. Inzwi rekubatsira kwezviridzwa iri pazasi. Maenzaniso ane chiratidzo chinoratidzika zvakaoma kuonana. Mukushambadzira havakwanisi, sezvo kusvibiswa kweruwa kusakosha.

Resistors mune dzakawanda mienzaniso inongowanikwa chete. Nokuda kweizvi, kutendeuka kunoitika kunoitika nokukurumidza. Kuisa zvikwata zvakagadziridzwa zvakanyanya. Zvakawanda munyaya iyi zvinoenderana nemuti. A voltage regulator inoshandiswa (chirongwa ichi chinoratidzwa pasi) chechimiro ichi kakawanda muongororo yekuongorora.

Zvikamu zve 5 V mienzaniso

Nokuti zvishandiso zvine voltage yeV 5 V zvinoshandisa imwe network network voltage regulator. Dunhu ravo rinosanganisira vashori, semitemo, kwete kupfuura maviri. Zvigadziridzo zvakadaro chete zvinoshandiswa pakugadzirisa kushanda kwezviyero zvekuyera. Kazhinji, ivo vakanyatsogadzikana, uye vanoshanda zvakanyarara.

Mifananidzo yeSVK series

Mienzaniso yezvikamu izvi inotumidzwa kune zvigadziriswa zvechimiro chekupedzisira. Kazhinji kazhinji inoshandiswa mukugadzira kuderedza kuwedzera kubva mumutambo. Dhiagiramu yekubatanidza yemagetsi ekugadzirisa yeiyo muenzaniso inopa kuvepo kwezvinhu zvina zvinoenderera mberi, izvo zvinorongwa muviri. Nokuda kweizvi, ikozvino inokunda kushorwa kwepasi mukati memutunhu. Pakubuda kwechirongwa, kune kumira kweiyo inopera. Iko kune mafiriji maviri muchirongwa.

Pamusana pokushayikwa kwegadziri, kushandurwa kunowanzoitika nokukurumidza. Kumatambudziko kunofanirwa kunzi kuve nekunzwa kukuru. Pamusoro pesimba rema electromagnetic iyo device inopindura zvakanyanyisa. Mutongi weiyo voltage regulator series SVK regulator inopa, pamwe chete nekuratidzira. Iyo yakawanda inotyisa yemuchina iyo inoonekwa ku 240 V, uye kukanganisa hakugoni kudarika 10%.

Automatic stabilizers "Ligao 220 V"

Nokuda kwekuisa zvirongwa, mutoro wekutengesa 220V uri kudiwa kubva kune kambani "Ligao". Chirongwa chayo chakavakirwa pamabasa e thyristors. Zvinhu izvi zvinogona kushandiswa chete mu semiconductor circuits. Nhasi kune zvidimbu zvemarudzi eti thyristors. Nehuwandu hwekuchengeteka ivo vakapatsanurwa kuva static, uyewo simba. Rudzi rwekutanga runoshandiswa nemagetsi emagetsi akasiyana-siyana. Nekudaro, simba re thyristors rine miganhu yavo.

Kana tichitaura nezvekambani "Ligao" voltage regulator (chirongwa ichi chinoratidzwa pasi), saka ine chinhu chinoshanda. Kusvika kumwero mukuru, inofanirwa kuita shanduro yepamutemo yemutongi. Iyo inomiririra sarudzo yevanhu vanogona kugona. Izvi zvakakosha kuitira kuti kuwedzere kana kuderedza kushandiswa kwemazuva akawanda muhurongwa. Mune mimwe mienzaniso ye thyristors inogona kunge yakawanda. Ivo vakaiswa pakati pavo pachavo kuburikidza nemakristati. Somugumisiro, kukwanisa kwechigadzirwa kunogona kuwedzera zvikuru.

Low-frequency devices

Kuti uchengetedze zvigadziri zvinowanzoitika zvisingasviki 30 Hz, pane dutu rekudzivirira 220V. Chirongwa chazvo chakafanana nezvirongwa zvekudzosera zvinyorwa kunze kwezvinhu zvinotenderera. Munyaya iyi, ivo varipo ne emitter. Dzimwe nguva mumwe mutongi akaiswa. Zvakawanda zvinoenderana nemuti, pamwe chete nemuenzaniso. Mutungamiri ari mumigodhi inodikanwa kuti kuve neshoko rekuendesa kune chikwata chekutonga.

Kuti urongwa huve hwehupamhi hwepamusoro, vashandisi vanoshandisa amplifier. Iyo yakaiswa, sekutonga, pasuo. Pakubuda kwegadziriro, kazhinji kazhinji inoputika. Kana iwe uchitaura nezvemhepo inokwana 220 V, unogona kuwana maviri capacitors. Ikozvino mafaira ekufambisa kwemajairo akadaro akaderera. Chikonzero cheizvi chinoonekwa sechinguva chiduku chemaitiro, izvo zvinokonzerwa nekushanda kwevatungamiriri. Kunyange zvakadaro, kukwaniswa kwekugadzirisa kune imwe nzvimbo yakakwirira. Munzvimbo dzakawanda iyo inosanganiswa ne-transistors, iyo yakaiswa ne emitters.

Nei tichida ferro-resonance mhando?

FERR Resonance Voltage Regulators (inoratidzwa pasi apa) inoshandiswa mune zvivako zvakasiyana-siyana zvemhizha. Inzwi rekunzwika pavari rakakwirira kwazvo nekuda kwesimba rine simba. Vashanduri vanowanzoiswa muviri. Nhamba yea capacitors inobva kune mugadziri. Muchiitiko ichi, izvi zvichange zvichitora chikamu chekupedzisira chekunzwa. Kuti unyatsogadzirisa magetsi, thyristors haashandisi.

Mune mamiriro ezvinhu, muteresi anogona kugona nebasa iri. Pfuma yavo yakakwirira kwazvo nekuda kwekutumirwa kwemashoko. Kana tichitaura nezve volt-ampere maitiro, kupikisa munharaunda inochengetwa pamwero we 5 MPa. Muchiitiko ichi, izvi zvine maitiro akanaka pamiganhu yekudzivirira kwechigadzirisa. Pamusana pekubuda, kusiyanisa kusagadzikana hakupfuuri 3 MPa. Kubva pakakwirira mumhepo mumutambo kunze kwekutenderera. Nokudaro, kuwandisa kwemazuva ano kunogona kudziviswa muzviitiko zvakawanda.

Zvigadzirisho zvechimiro chekupedzisira

Chirongwa chezvigadziriswe chechirongwa chekupedzisira chinoratidzwa nekuwedzera kwekugadzirisa kwehutano. Iyo inopinza magetsi ndeye 4 MPa paavhareji. Muchiitiko ichi, kupulisa kunochengetedzwa pakakwirira yakakura. Nekudaro, iyo inokonzerwa nemhepo ye stabilizer iri 4 MPa. Resistors mune dzakawanda mienzaniso yakaiswa mu "MP" series.

Ikozvino mutemo uri munharaunda ndeyekugara uye nekuda kweizvi kuwedzerwa kwemiganhu kunogona kuderedzwa kusvika 40 Hz. Vaparidzi mukugadzirisa zvetsika iyi vanoshanda pamwechete nevashori. Somugumisiro, node dzose dzinoshanda dzakabatana. Iko DC inogadziridza inowanzoiswa mushure meja capacitor isati yasimuka.