Vladimir Kremlin: nhoroondo uye tsananguro

Vladimir Kremlin - chairo masvingo. Ava vakanga iri ose makuru muguta Russia yekare. Pakutanga, vakanga vakadamwa munhare. The nechepakati Chikamu kugarwa akakombwa panharirire pakutanga emapuranga, ibwe vakazotanga kuvaka. Rakanga vakapakata shongwe uye neshongwe. In Rus yekare 'nhare yaiva chinodiwa kugarwa vaiona guta.

Location Kremlin Vladimir

Vladimir Kremlin pakutanga akagadzikana mumwoyo peguta. Uye unogona kuonekwa nhasi pachikomo. Aifunga kuti chirefu pamusoro ruchiyerera napakati guta Klyazma. Anowanzozi sezvo Christmas wemamongi.

KuMiddle Ages iri Vladimir Kremlin riri pamuganhu Pechernego guta. Kubva kumabvazuva kusvika kundima adjoined mugomba yayo uye runodzivirira. Kuchamhembe chikamu Kremlin akaenda mumugwagwa ano Bolshaya Moskovskaya, uye kumadokero chikamu Kremlin munotinyima Nicholas Church pamwe nemavharanda. Nhasi, mamiriro ichi ane basa rinokosha nokududza munhu siluetti muguta. Rinopa maonero guru rakadzika floodplain.

History Kremlin

Maererano huripo tsika, wemamongi, waimira sehwaro paumbwe Vladimir Kremlin, akaonekwa 1175. Vake vakaisa Bogolyubskii dzekwavanogara. Prince Andrew, uyo aiva nemukurumbira kuti kwaari Vladimir-Suzdal kwavabati kwakaita chinokosha kukura uye zvakanakira pamusoro nevavakidzani vayo, pakupedzisira achiva mumwe nzvimbo yeRussian wehurumende.

Muna 1192 atova muchinda itsva ainzi Vsevolod, uyo akapiwa zita remadunhurirwa Huru Nest, yakavambwa munzvimbo idzi dombo jena Church. mana mbiru Chimiro yakavakwa zvaidiwa zvose tsika Vladimir-Suzdal mapurani kuti zvikuru yakatanga panguva pakuguma XII remakore. Nanhasi Church, zvinosuruvarisa haana vakapona.

Muna 1219, yakatarwa okugadza temberi, kunyange zvazvo panguva iyoyo akanga achiri haana kuvakwa kusvikira pakuguma. Muna 1230 iye akavhura Archimandrite, uye nokufamba kwenguva akava mumwe mukuru dzemamongi dzechiKristu mune yose North-East kweRussia. Rakanga pano muna 1263 akawana nzvimbo wokupedzisira dzokuzororera Aleksandr Nevsky.

Somugumisiro, basa rokutanga yemamongi Vladimir (gare gare Moscow) vakapfuura kuna Rozhen wemamonk. Vanokwanisa ichi, iye kusvikira 1561, apo honorary rokuremekedza kwapfuura kuti Utatu-rwacho Segiyo Lavra.

Stone kuvakwa kumonasitiri hunoramba uchivandudzwa ari XVII remakore. Muna ra1654, bhero neshongwe anooneka somunhu anoshamisa mbiru pamwe kunobatanidza masere. Muna a1659 vakavaka foni. Danho rinokosha racho kukura chechechi akaita, kana akashanda ari Rector muna Archimandrite Vincent. Panguva ino, takavaka ibwe makamuri, uyewo pamapatya muviri.

Panoperera ichi remakore paiva peGedhi Church of Wokuzvarwa, inova yakabatana kwakavakirwa ari refectory zvakananga.

Nhoroondo ichangobva kuitwa wemamongi

Zvisaririra Aleksandra Nevskogo zvaitambidzwa kubva Vladimir kuna Alexander Nevsky Lavra apo Peter I. Panguva iyoyo, vakawanda munharaunda wemamongi yakanga namasvingo ibwe uye neshongwe. Sezvo 1744 unoshanda pano imba bhishopi panguva Vladimir diocese. Muna 1748 bhishopu kuvaka ibwe kamuri.

Nechekare ari pamadziro XIX remakore substantially kuvakwazve, richienda masero achinja. Akatevera Danho iri Kushandurwa Vladimir Kremlin, vane mufananidzo uri munyaya ino, rine chokuita yaitonga hurumende kuRussia, Alexander II. Zvino vakatanga mumwe gadziridzo uye kudzorerwa wemamongi uye Cathedral naye. Muna 1859, ivo pamapatya muviri zvakavakwa ibwe outbuilding. The mukati uye yakarongedzwa muviri zvinosiyana yekudyidzana.

State-anazvo muchitokisi rinovakwazve, overhauled muna 1867 dzakachinjwa muchechi pasuwo refectory. Panguva iyoyo zvakanga achinja yakarongedzwa episcopal makamuri.

Pasi pokutonga Soviet,

Munguva Soviet, nhoroondo Vladimir Kremlin, mapikicha iyo munyaya iyi, kwave kuchiita kuchinja. Muna 1930, varayirwa zviremera zvemo avhuna bhero shongwe uye Church. Gare gare, wemamongi rokuvaka kakawanda kwakagadzirwa uye kunzwisisa yakavakwa ine zvivako shoma. Most zvivako yokupukunyuka zvakaitwa nezvidhina, nevhu uye dzakapendwa.

Christmas wemamongi pachayo rakasiyana nokuti guta chinhu. Pamwe chete yakapoteredza zvivako anoumba rinokosha Skyline ane zvikuru munhoroondo kukosha. To dzakararama dzinogarwa nedzevanhu zvivako zviri Baroque manyorerwo. Pasinei zvinokosha nezvinhu, wemamongi uye nhasi anozviratidza kwatiri mukupera Ages chatiri chivako akasununguka kuronga.

ari Kremlin

Mapurani Ensemble of Vladimir Kremlin zvinotsanangurwa munyaya ino, pakugadzwa kumavirira kusvikira kumabvazuva. Maumbirwe Its zvakafanana trapezoid. Rwokumabvazuva wavhomorwa kugomba, uye kumaodzanyemba gomo ishoma. Kubva kumavirira kumabvazuva pane masero ari Christmas wemamongi.

Kana ukasarudza kushanyira Vladimir Kremlin, zvinokwezva Zvokukurukura achava zvakakwana. Kunze kare ataurwa Cathedral of Wokuzvarwa Musikana, zviri uyewo shongwe bhero, raiva kuchechi Aleksandra Nevskogo.

Mapurani kunzwisisa kunosanganisira Gate Church of St. Prince Aleksandra Nevskogo, uyewo chapero Nikolaya Chudotvortsa. Vanovhura vanogona kuenda Trim Chechi Kuberekwa, pasuwo Church of St. Ioanna Predtechi, sero mamiriro-anazvo, kupfuura-gedhi, yemamongi zvivako, ari Memorial Cross, uye bhishopi voga muviri, tarisa shongwe uye masvingo.

kubvuma Cathedral

Munewo Vladimir Kremlin (Kremlin munhoroondo chinorondedzerwa zvakadzama munyaya ino) ndiye kubvuma Cathedral. Iyewo akazviratidza yaitonga Prince Vladimir Andreya Bogolyubskogo.

chivakwa Religious inovakwa namabwe chena, iyo zvakananga kuna kuvakwa nzvimbo Volga Bulgaria. Nekuivaka akatanga muna 1158. Asi muna 1185-m, mune chimwe chivako konekwa, paiva chikuru moto wakaparadza chikamu chikuru chii zvakatoitwa. Panguva iyoyo, kereke yakanga musoro mumwe chete, asi panguva imwe chete nokukwirira kwayo zviri nani kuti St. Sophia Cathedral muKiev, uye kunyange Novgorod.

Vakauya simba , Prince Vsevolod Huru Nest kubvuma Cathedral akawedzera zvitsauko zviviri mana. Akashandura muna 1408, apo kupenda Pamifananidzo ake uye mifananidzo Andrei Rublev pachake asvika. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti Pamifananidzo akachengetedzwa kusvikira nhasi. Vamwe vavo vanogona kusangana vashanyi vanosarudza kushanyira nhasi Vladimir Hall of Kremlin.

"New" uye "vetchany" guta

Western nhoroondo chikamu Vladimir yainzi guta "mutsva". Kunyange kare zvakanga takapoteredzwa mikuru masvingo. Pakudzivirira vavengi vakanga vakapakata miseve vanenge 9 mamita dzakakwirira. Ivo akatema yematanda masvingo wakakombwa. Pakutanga, muchikamu ichi rekare guta gedhi shongwe ina, nhatu dzakanga dzakavakwa sezvo emapuranga.

"Vetchany" kana "wekare", iro guta riri kumabvazuva chikamu Vladimir yekare. Zvayaiva pano Posad. nharaunda iyi, iri kunze Kremlin, Vladimir, vane nhoroondo kuzivikamwa yaingopambwa zhinji. Naizvozvo, yokuzviparadzanisa, uyo akanga ari masvingo Kremlin, vaigara aifanira kudzivirira vomuguta.

Mumazuva muchinda Andreya Bogolyubskogo chikamu ichi cheguta akadzivirirwa emapuranga masvingo uye nemiti. Pakarepo pakanga pachine zvimwe chena masuwo ibwe, izvo nani kuzivikanwa Silver. Zvisinei, masvingo yematanda yekudyidzana raderera pamusoro nguva. Zvinonzi nokuda ichi kumabvazuva cheguta anonzi "vetchany". Izvi shoko ano mupfungwa yakaenzana "akwegura."

Muna 1157, Vladimir akanga rimwe kiyi maguta Russia. Chokwadi chokuti Prince Andrew Bogolyubskii akatora musoro Grand Duke. Akanga basa naye pashure akanga, mukuwedzera Vladimir, Suzdal achiri nevakange uye kukura, uyewo Moore uye Kiev. Uyewo usakanganwa kuti muna Smolensk, Ryazan uye Novgorod, akaramba navabati vake. autocracy kwakadaro kunokonzerwa kusagutsikana kukuru pakati boyars, vakaedza kudzivisa zvinoitwa Mhedziso Bogolyubsky.

Achityira mhirizhonga, Andrew uye akatanga kushongedzera munhu dzakavakirirwa kuzvidzivirira chivakwa muna Vladimir mudunhu. Iye kudiwa tsime anodzivirirwa mumuzinda. Zvisinei, nemhaka nhoroondo tinoziva kuti shongwe nemasvingo marefu hazvina kuponesa.

Muna 1174, akanga vakabayiwa rufu kubudikidza pachake nechavakuru vake mumusha Bogolyubovo.

Tatar kubvuta

Vladimir Kremlin, vane kero dzinza Communal, 70, akatambudzika kwakakomba nechisimba wechiTatar-Mongol. Kunyange zvazvo zvematongerwo enyika uye zvoupfumi yeguta, inova nyaya ino, zvave zvakakomba vasanyanya ne Batu Khan. Rakanga rimwe remaguta rokutanga vakatambura kubva nechisimba wechiTatar-Mongol. Muna 1238, vakawanda nechisimba mauto misasa pedyo pamasvingo eguta. Defence rinotungamirirwa vanakomana Vsevolodovich, ainzi Vsevolod uye Mstislav.

Vanoda kurwisa vavengi, asi hondo kuti akadzivirira guta raiva duku. Most kweuto Russian akaenda kurwizi Sit, apo pamwero mukuru muunganidzwa eRussia pakaziviswa. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, gavhuna yeko Peter Oslyadyukovich, uyo akatungamirira kudzivirira Vladimir, akasarudza kuramba ari kudzivirira kubva miseve.

The Tartars havana pakarepo akasarudza kurwisa akavakirirwa tsime Vladimir Kremlin. Vakamirira. Batu musasa pakatarisana neGedhi Golden. Akakwanisa zvinopambwa Suzdal uye Vladimir havana kudenha zvose.

Panyaya iyi, kuti Tatars vaiedza vaswedere vavengi pachena yokurwisana. Nokuti ichi, ivo kunyange akauraya majaya muchinda Vladimir Yuryevich, uyo akaiswa musungwa panguva Hondo Moscow. Ungangove, pashure Mstislav, Vsevolod akaisa pamusoro kuedza kutsiva mukoma wake.

guta Sturm

Muna February, kuti Tatars vakatanga hombe bombardment of Vladimir Kremlin. Vakashandisa wakakombwa zvombo. kutsigira muguta, kunyange akaedza kuzvipira. Asi wechiduku Vsevolod, uyo akasiya nechipo kuti rugare, akaurayiwa varayirwa Batu.

The bombardment pakati pamasvingo Vladimir Kremlin yakadhirika. Zvisinei, nevanozvitsigira vakakwanisa kuchengeta kwokudzivirira mundima New Town. Zuva rakatevera kurwisa wakadzokororwa. Vachidzivisa ndabva Gate Golden chete. Huge zvikamu parusvingo pedyo kumaodzanyemba gedhi zvakaparadzwa.

Tatar-eMongolia akunde inoerera uye akaputsa muguta panguva iyoyo kubva zvakasiyana pamakona. By masikati akanga pakupedzisira akabatwa.

Vladimir kuderera

Pashure pokukundwa ari wechiTatar-eMongolia kukosha muguta rakasimba zveupfumi uye enyika pakati wawa chaizvo. Panguva iyoyowo akaramba pamutemo vaiona rimwe zvikuru maguta Russian. Somugumisiro, muna 1299 zvakanga pano kuti chaimbova yakagara mabhishopi Russian.

Pakupedzisira vakarasikirwa kwayo geopolitical kukosha guta XIV remakore. Palm vakatamira Moscow. The rokuvakazve Vladimir wake Kremlin chete akatanga yaitonga chevaux Alexei Mikhailovich. The guta vakatanga kugadzirisa masvingo, vasvika chaiyo kuderera.

Muzana XVIII remakore

Vladimir Kremlin, nhoroondo uye rondedzero izvo munyaya iyi, iri XVIII remakore, akabatanidzwa zvinokosha mukuzadzika tsika guta. Nepo chirevo Peter I yakavhurwa nokuda Moscow Province. Vladimir anonzi kwairi somumwe amachinda maguta.

Panyaya iyi, nokuti nyika sezvo guta rose riri kuramba yokurasikirwa kukosha kwayo. Izvi zvakanga kunyanya pashure Aleksandra Nevskogo zvinoera vakanga zvifambiswe kuna St. Petersburg kusimbisa simba guru idzva. Pashure paizvozvo vakuru vakuru, uye vose vakatanga kuitika kashoma muna Vladimir.

Zvino Kremlin yakaramba chete aoma. Most chacho akaparadzwa anenge zvachose.