Guta guru Great Patriotic War. City-magamba Guru Patriotic War

Pakutanga May zvose pfungwa uye pfungwa emamiriyoni evanhu mune yaimbova USSR vari kutendeukira nenzira musi kukuru, May 9. Nhasi isu haazombokanganwi, nokuti akaratidza kuguma kunokonzera kuteurwa kweropa rakawanda hondo nguva yedu. It kwakauraya vanhu vakawanda vatinonamata vagari, mamiriyoni emhuri vanoparadzaniswa uye vakauya shungu kwazvo kuti kurarama vatori zviitiko varege kurangarira nguva ino pasina misodzi.

magamba Vakawanda kukanganwika. Isu kungangotadza havazivi chakanga kurwa kwavo okupedzisira. Kunewo vaya vane mazita vacharamba nokusingaperi Zvivako uye mumwoyo. Pakati magamba haisi varume chete, asiwo maguta makuru Mukuru Patriotic War, uyo mumakore iwayo zvinotyisa vakamira pasi rinorema kumanikidzwa nevaNazi, kana mwedzi yakawanda kufurirwa yakakuwandira yavo.

Chii?

Izvi zvepamusoro akagamuchira maguta gumi navaviri USSR, anozivikanwa nokuda kwake kudzivirira nhoroondo. On yavo vari ndakagadza zvivako uye steles, yakaitirwa kuti nguva dzose kuyeuchidza vagari pamusoro risingaenzaniswi umhare oruoko vanhu zvavo.

Tinofanira kurangarira kuti guta-magamba Mukuru Patriotic War, photo, uye mazita avo munyaya, inobhadharwa zvepamusoro ropa rake rakawanda sezvo vakagamuchira ushingi hwake kusingaenzaniswi mu kwokudzivirira nevanozvitsigira mumakore akaoma.

St. Petersburg (Leningrad)

Zita rokuremekedza paakavapa May 8, 1965

Mukutanga kwematsutso, vokuGermany vakakwanisa kuvhara chose nerubatsiro guta kubva panyika. Zvakatanga kukombwa Leningrad, iyo yakatora makore anenge 872 refu zuva, nzara. Inenge vose vagere muguta - magamba Huru Patriotic War. Photo «Leningrad blockade" uye vachiri afuridzire kutya uye chinofa nokumanikidzwa kunyange vakaoma vakamborwa zvehondo omunharaunda, tisingatauri zvakananga Vatori zviitiko.

Ushingi vanhu vayo yakanga risingaenzaniswi: mune zvachose zvoutsinye ezvinhu havana chete kuzorwa vanopinda nechisimba vakarwa, asi kunyange vakakwanisa kumisa kugadzirwa chombo chaishandiswa pakarepo pamberi, chaizvoizvo kuvaka pamusoro chirimwa. To musi, zvinofungidzirwa kuti vakafa vanenge hafu yemiriyoni vanhu nenzara uye nezvirwere.

3 chete% rakanga rawa pachipfuva. Zvose unoitwa nzara. Nhasi, wechikoro ose anoziva kuti nzira yoga yoruponeso aiva "Mugwagwa Roupenyu", kwakaitika pamwe aizi nechando muchando Lake Ladoga. Zvisinei, uye muzhizha aite yokufambisa nemvura chokufambisa, asi mavhoriyamu dzavo havasi guru. Zvakanga nzira youpenyu, sezvo musi uyu nzira akakwanisa kusiya guta vanhu mamiriyoni 1,5, ramakagadzwa dzaiwanzova vana, vakadzi uye vakwegura. Pakupedzisira vakakwanisa kusimudza blockade kweguta chete muna 1944.

Unofunga kana kutaura mashoko "guta magamba Guru Patriotic War"? Photos Zvivako muhondo, uye zvakawanda. Heano chete blockade mashoko vangatoona kuchema, sezvo ivo vanomira pamberi vamwe, zvinotyisa mifananidzo makore iwayo.

In ndangariro mazuva iwayo nhamo hwagadzwa zvivako nomwe, uyewo chaizvo 112 kuyeukwa mbiru yose Road reHupenyu. The nechepakati Monument sezvamunoita ndiyo shongwe "Aparted mhete", iro rinomiririra yokupedzisira budiriro blockade uye kusunungura Leningrad. Chokwadi, maguta makuru Guru Patriotic War vakafanira kuremekedzwa, asi chibayiro Leningrad achirangarirwa nokusingaperi.

Odessa

Rank wakange paakavapa muna May 1965.

Odessa akava rimwe remaguta vokutanga vaiva munzira vanopinda nechisimba. By August 1941, pasinei kumboitika kushinga nevanozvitsigira, yakanga yavharwa zvachose. Pane chete nzira mugungwa, anodzivirira zvakasiyana siyana Black Sea Fleet. Kubva gungwa izvozvo kugamuchira kwete chete guru yakawanda zvokudya, asi chombo kuti akabvumira pakurwisana mauto muvengi.

To zvinobudirira kuzvidzivirira pamusoro kuramba yokurwiswa vokuGermany, zvakatanga rakavakirirwa nzvimbo. Residents akakwanisa kubudisa zviri chakaoma zvikuru ezvinhu nyore zvombo uye nomurazvo-throwers, uyo pakarepo akawira kurasa nemasoja. Vanotsigira Odessa aifanira kusiya guta, asi vakanga vaenda, kwete kuputswa uye vakakundwa: vazhinji vavo squads vakazoroorwa dzakaumbwa chete kusimba uye zvakafanana ushingi kuzvidzivirira nevaNazi Crimea.

Iye zvino, shongwe, izvo zvakatsaurirwa kuna nezvakaitika mumazuva iwayo, akaisa mupaki ainzi pashure Taras Dzhafarova. Asi chirangaridzo kunzwisisa "Walk Vakakurumbira", iro nokusingaperi akabatwa kuzvibereko ari kubudirira yemadzitateguru avo makuru. Kazhinji, maguta makuru Guru Patriotic War vane zvirangaridzo zvakafanana.

Sevastopol

Zita rokuremekedza paakavapa kune imwe nguva sezvo maguta dzataurwa pamusoro apa.

Crimea agara aiva inokosha kukosha nokuda nyika, sezvo nomunharaunda yacho akamhanya pfupi nzira muminda mafuta kuCaucasus. Hazvishamisi kuti kubva pamazuva hondo rokutanga Wehrmacht vatungamiri vakapa mauto avo nyore kuti: munguva inosemesa iri pfupi inobvira nguva akakunda uye yakachena Sevastopol. The USSR murayiro neunyengedzi pamusoro mamakisi uyu akanga asiri; muCrimea, paiva zvinokosha chikamu ndege, risingagoni akaguma tsitsi nomuvengi. Vaifanira kudzivirira guta chero nguva sezvinobvira.

On kudzivirira vakanga pakarepo vakawisirwa yakanakisisa ravarwi, pane imwe nguva anodzivisa navavengi Odessa. Ivo rakava musimboti emagandanga sangano, ane nhengo vaishingaira munyika yose ndima Crimean kweItari. Zvinosuruvarisa muna July gore rakatevera, iro guta akanga achiri kuenda.

Zvisinei, vanhu vokuGermany vakanga kunyanya chivimbo vanonzwa zviri rakundwa muguta, sezvo mauto avo vari kuramba patted guerrillas. vakakwanisa Fully kuzosunungura Sevastopol muna May 1944. The menduru "Nokuti Kutsigira Sevastopol" kwagara munyaya panhengo Dzvuku Army vepamusoro, sezvo vaiva mukuru dzezvakaitwa vaya vakarwira yakare Monument kubwinya uto Russia uye USSR.

Kuroverera zvachose mune ndangariro kuvazukuru, mazuva ano, shongwe rakadzikwa paGomo Sapun. Iyi inzvimbo kiyi guta, chinonyanya kukosha yokuzvidzivirira, dzikavauraya vazhinji Soviet uye German nemasoja. Zvisinei, zvakafanana zvinogona dzinoratidzwa zvose mamwe guta-magamba enyika 1941-1945 Great Patriotic War makore.

Volgograd (Stalingrad)

Rank wakange paakavapa May 8, 1965. Kana paiva hondo chinotyisa pakati Stalingrad, panguva iyo mauto eSoviet akakwanisa kutyora nomuzongoza revarwi vaHitler, guta rino aiva yokurwira. mazuva sezvo vakawanda 200 rakanga risati raguma, ropa muhondo ose mita mumaguta makuru nzvimbo, imba imwe neimwe kukava nhare.

Mumwedzi, kuti vokuGermany vaida kuti nechisimba kwePoland panguva, vanhu vokuGermany vakakwanisa kubata vaviri migwagwa Stalingrad, vaita kwazvo nazvo. Kuwanda Kurwa kwakanga anotyisa, mativi ose kubudirira uye zvikuru kushandiswa nemasoja akavanda.

On yakakurumbira Mamayev kuKurgan ari akakura kunzwisisa "To Magamba Hondo Stalingrad" kwenzira iyo inomira hofori shongwe kuna Motherland, iyo nguva dzose kuva chiratidzo chorudo uye kuzvipira kwevanhu vedu kunyika yavo. Munyaya ino, hapana chete guta magamba Guru Patriotic War: mifananidzo uye pikicha nzvimbo kukubatsira unzwe zvose akakura akakwirira.

Kiev

Order pamusoro awarding musoro uye akanga yakasainwa May 8, 1965. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti parizvino itsva zviremera Ukrainian kuti "kubvisa" nayo. Zvisinei, havasi nokudzivirira Kiev, havasi kubudiswa. Saka kuti "mirairo Abolition kweguta-gamba chinzvimbo" uye kwete kuparidza kwavari.

Kuzvidzivirira mashandiro yakatora chaizvo 70 mazuva. The basa kweguta mauto eGermany yakanonoka makore 2.5. Panguva ino, vokuGermany dzavo hanger-nationalist aiva chaizvo "basa": massively vaJudha vakapfurwa, kumusasa wevasungwa vasungwa Soviet vehondo, dzikavauraya zviuru masoja edu rakarongwa.

Aparadza nhoroondo mapurani zvivako zvakawanda, yakanyangarika pasina zvikasawanirwa dzakawanda zvikuru zvicherwa zvakawanwa zvakare mumamiziyamu. Chokwadi, Kiev vagari vakawanda chikamu emagandanga sangano, zvose zvinoedza kuitwa kudzivirira chizvarwa guta kubva muchivadzvinyirira kwevaNazi. Asi chete pashure rinorema chando hondo imwe muna 1943 akanga vakasunungurwa nemasimba mauto eGermany. Ona kuti vaviri guta-magamba Ukraine (Guru Patriotic Hondo 1941-1945) vakaparadzwa anenge zvachose, ndikavadzosera aiva refu kwazvo nguva.

Sezvakaitika Volgograd, pane shongwe "Motherland".

Nhare Brest

The kunozivikanwa shongwe ushingi uye noumhare nemasoja Soviet. Rank wakange paakavapa muna May 1965. Takatodzidza kutaurwa mazhinji mumaguta-magamba Guru Patriotic War: mazita kwavari chingawanikwa nyore tarisa nyaya misoro. Asi Brest - nzvimbo inokosha zvikuru, apo unogona kutaura kwenguva refu.

On kudzivirira nhare dzakawanda kuziva anobaya mwoyo uye rinotyisa bhuku Borisa Vasileva. Asi mubhuku, isu havanzwisisi chii Runonzwika uye chii chiri kumirira vanhu vaiziva chaizvo zvakanaka hazvibviri ruponeso kuti awa ose vakarasika neshamwari dzavo uye vadiwa. Mune zvose izvi, havasi kunyange kufunga mapfumo kuti muvengi. Hondo Brest - wokutanga munhoroondo hondo, uye mumwe rinonyatsooneka.

Izvi hazvishamisi. Mauto eGermany kuronga kutama kutora guta, uye ipapo "kukunda kutevedzana" kuramba sangano kuMabvazuva. Ivo zvakakomba miscalculated. A Mazuva mashoma boka ravarwi Soviet dzinotyisa akadzivirira kunyange nzira kusvikira kunhare, achipa vokuGermany kuenda pakunogumira. Vanotyisa skirmishes regai Dzanyarara kunyange usiku.

Masoja, aneta zvikuru, nyota uye nzara, kusvikira pakupedzisira wechipiri kurwisa muvengi. "Ndava kufa, asi usakanda mapfumo pasi" - ichi chinyorwa yakakurumbira parimwe pamasvingo wakakombwa zvakazara anoratidza mweya chaicho masoja edu pakurwa anotyisa, yokupedzisira. VokuGermany pakupedzisira akakunda nhare, kana pasina kurarama nevanozvitsigira, chete vakundi, havana kunzwa, apo nyika dzokuEurope kuteerera mauto eGermany vaviri wamavhiki, vamwe anosiririsa nhare chete pamusoro incredible ushingi uye heroism pamusoro nevanozvitsigira , ndakakwanisa kubata nokuda vaviri mwedzi.

The yose Castle kuzivikanwa somunhu chirangaridzo husingaperi muna 1971. Ndima yayo anogara aibvira asingagumi womoto, nguva dzose Kunyatsoisa kukotamira varwi dzakaurawa dzavasina Soviet Army.

Moscow

Sezvo vose yapfuura nguva musoro akanga paakavapa muna May 1965. Anenge munhu wose pakawanda, guta anozivikanwa magamba Mukuru Patriotic War. Photo «Moscow Parade 1941" uyewo avanoziva zhinji. Hazvina kubva itsva Mauto vakaenda pakaunda, pano aiva murayiro kumuzinda Red Army.

Hazvishamisi, kubva pakutanga hondo achitora guta guru USSR waiva anozviita chemurayiro German, uye saka kushandiswa chinangwa ichi zvakanakisisa mauto. Plan "Barbarosa" raisanganisira kukunda veguta mitatu yokutanga muhondo. Pano tiri chete Kiev, Leningrad uye Smolensk kufuka chinzvimbo zvirongwa zvakadai muchinjikwa ushingi, Kumbomira paitangira kuvhiyiwa kutora guta kwemwedzi mitanhatu. Kumucheto Moscow, vokuGermany sokuti chete pakati autumn, kana vakatanga yokutanga kutonhora zvakakura.

Our vehondo kumanikidza pamusoro pavo muhondo attrition. Kusvikira December wegore iroro rakaramba kudzivirira Moscow, yakanga wakapindwa vakawanda zvikwata vakazvipira.

Kanoverengeka zvinhu anova dzinonetsa. Zvaiita kuti vanhu vokuGermany vaive kuda kubudirira pazvinangwa zvavo, uye Hitler paaigadzirira kukanda mutambo kwoumbozha munguva Kremlin. Asi wechishanu December, mauto edu yakatanga counteroffensive rokutanga mamakisi, zvokuti vokuGermany vakatama kubva muguta mitemo 200 chete makiromita.

The ndangariro zviitiko pamberi masvingo Moscow Kremlin chokurangaridza kune Unknown Soldier. Ndinofanira kutaura kuti zvakadaro shongwe anogona zvakanaka gadza rose guta-magamba Mukuru Patriotic War, mufananidzo tiri nyaya yedu.

Kerch

Zita rokuremekedza paakavapa September 14, 1973 chete. The mutaundi inozivikanwa nokuva chaipo pamberi mutsetse vakapfuura iye vakawanda mana (!) Times. Vakaurayiwa vanhu dzinenge 15,000, hafu vacho zvoutsinye vapfurwa Bagerovsky mugoronga. zviuru 15 vokuGermany vakadzingwa basa rokumanikidzirwa muGermany. Kubva guta rine asingasviki 15%. Anenge zvose Zvivako kana kusatonzwa kukosha zvakaparadzwa, uye dzimba rose uye haagari. Chete pakutanga April 1944 Kerch pakupedzisira vasunungurwa kubva Nazi nechisimba.

Pachikomo ane yakanaka zita Mithridates pashure zviitiko husingaperi murazvo unopfuta.

Novorossiysk

Rank uyewo paakavapa nechepakati-September 1973. rinenge guta rose rakanga ratorwa nemauto German munguva yehondo. Chinangwa vaNazi rakanga Georgia, nzira, iyo anovhura pakarepo mushure kubatwa pakati Novorossiysk.

Munhu wose vakanzwisisa kuti kwakadaro zvaizofamba vakabvumira Hitler vawane nzvimbo yakasimba kuCaucasus. Kunyanya simba Novorossiysk rakavakirirwa nzvimbo rakaumbwa kukurira izvi, asi August 1942 kubva payo kuruboshwe shoma (haufaniri kupfuura 20%). Muna February 1943, pashure pemazuva 225 maigara, varwi veSoviet akakwanisa dzokorora guta.

Hazvishamisi huru Monument akava chirangaridzo rinonzi "mitsetse yokuzvidzivirira". Dombo mamita 40 kunoratidza kuti hapazovi nomunhu akaipa pavanopinda pamasuwo eguta. Gamba of Great Patriotic War, mapfuranhunzi Rubaho Kuvshinov Yakovlevich aivawo womunyika mbiri Novorossiysk.

Minsk

Paakavapa rokuti June 26, 1974.

Mazuva matatu chete pashure pakutanga hondo guta pasi neGermany. On munharaunda yayo, "zvakaoma-vachishanda" vokuGermany akasika ghettos nhatu umo vakauraya 80,000 vaJudha. Pedyo Minsk uye vokuGermany vakauraya vanhu vanenge 400,000. muna June 1944, chete pamwero mukuru rusununguko oparesheni kwakatangwa pakupedzisira. Pakazosvika nguva apo guta rakanga aibvisa zvachose, node zvivako 80 chete.

Chinonyanya kukosha Shongwe chokurangaridza "eki", iro chakatsaurirwa kuna vakaurayiwa nevaNazi. Nenzira kutaura, raiva monument wokutanga yose USSR, pose rine chinyorwa muna Yiddish.

Tula

The rokuremekedza raakapiwa December 7, 1976 chete.

Soviet "mhizha" raiva anoedza atambudzwe murayiro German, uye saka kudzivisa kubatwa reguta yakanga kuzvidzosera hazviiti. Uyezve, Tula akafukidza kumaodzanyemba kumiganhu Moscow, zvichiita zvikuru. Mumatsutso 1941 simba kupfuura kurwisa German omunharaunda nevarwi Nekudzo airatidza, nzira vokuGermany vakanga zvakasimba akavharwa.

At nokutambudzika Great Patriotic War, guta Gorky (Nizhny Novgorod) raiva anenge chete nzvimbo. Nhasi, vatsigiri vari kuedza kuita award iyi honorary zita kwaari. Zvisinei, kudzokera Thule.

The guta nemakapoteredza kunge anosakadza. Vakapiswa anenge ose nemisha, richiuraya dzinenge zviuru 360 zvavo. Kunyange mumamiriro ezvinhu ose titadze yakakombwa Tula indasitiri rakaramba kubereka zvigwagwagwa, submachine pfuti uye mapfuranhunzi nepfuti. Nenzira, nenguva yeko kuzvidzivirira mitsetse hunoratidzwa zvakakwana PPK chivhorovhoro pfuti Korovin, munyori ane makore akawanda simba eSoviet akanga zvisina kukanganwika.

Zvisinei, izvozvo anoyeuka zvekare vagari veguta. Gamba of Great Patriotic War haana kukanganwa zvachose.

Mukukudzwa kwezviitiko zvinopoteredza guta, zvivako zvizhinji zvekubwinya kwehondo zvinosungirirwa, uye paVictory Square chiyeuchidzo sechimiro uye mushandi anovakwa, anogara pane bhononet pfuti. Zvose maguta-mauto eHigh Patriotic War ane mbiri mumabasa avo, asi kunyange nekunze kweizvi, Tula dzinosiyaniswa nechishuvo chavo chisina kukanganisa chokukunda.

Murmansk

Chete musi waMay 6, 1985 guta rakapiwa zita rakakwirira uye rinokosha.

Kurayira kwaHitler kumapoka ake kwakanga kuri nyore uye kwenguva pfupi: Murmansk akarayirwa kuti aparadzwe nokukurumidza nekuputika kwehondo, nokuti kuburikidza nemakungwa ayo matani akawanda ezvitoro akapfuura kubva kuAllies. Zvinopfuura 800 maitiro ekuputika kwemhepo akaitwa, makumi mapfumbamwe nema186 emabhomba ane simba akadonhera muguta, asi vadziviriri vake vakamira nekukudzwa mugehena. Maguta mazhinji eHondo yePamatritictic yakapfuura kuburikidza nebhomba, asi kwakanga kusina vanhu vakasimba vakadaro kupi zvako.

Zvinenge zvose zvivako zvakatsva kana zvakakuvadzwa zvakanyanya. Basa rakaipa rakaitwa nezvivakwa zvehuni, pamoto umo wakapararira neunoshamisa. Iko chete muna yekupera kwegore ra1944 kutyisidzira kuguta kwakabviswa zvachose. Chivakwa chakange chakavakwa. Asi izvi zvakaitwa makore makumi matatu mushure mekupedzisira kweHondo yeGreat Patriotic, apo mahombekombe makuru eGreat Patriotic War akanga ave kwenguva refu mu "mazita ekuremekedzwa".

Smolensk

Zita racho rakapiwawo musi waMay 6, 1985, iro rinoshamisa zvikuru, sezvo vadziviriri veguta mumakore ehondo vakaratidza ushingi hwakakura zvikuru kupfuura iyo Kievites.

Muna July 1941, zvakaonekwa kuvaHitleriti kuti nzira yepamwoyo yenyika yakanga yakazara. Chinangwa chikuru chaiva kuMoscow, uye avo vose vari panzira yevarwi veGermany veguta vaionekwa se "chinotambudza". Kubva musi waJune 15, chikamu chekumaodzanyemba cheguta chakanga chichishandiswa, uye pasina nguva mamwe masuwa ayo akawira pasi pakubayiwa zvikuru. Asi izvi zvaingova kutanga, sezvo vatsigiri veguta vasina kumbofunga nezvekusiya.

Kubvira pakati paJuly, hondo yakaoma zvikuru yakatanga, iyo yakatora kwemwedzi miviri. Mauto eSoviet akatambura zvikuru, asi vaHitler vakanga vasina chakanaka. Mukuwedzera, vanhu vese vakafa murugare: kamwe chete simba rekurova rakaparadza misha inopfuura 300 pamwe chete nevose vageremo.

Inofungidzirwa kuti vanenge 600 zviuru zvevanhu vakafa, asi chiyero ichi chiri pachena kwazvo, sezvo akawanda uye akawanda makuva makuru ekutsvaga engjini anoramba achiwana gore negore. Kune musamuro muguta iro uko zvinyorwa zvose nezvipupuriro zvinotaura pamusoro pehupenyu hweguta mumakore iwayo anotyisa zvinounganidzwa.

Saka takaronga maguta ose makuru eGreat Patriotic War.