Vakatanga runhare. Year michina yacho runhare. Chii chaiva wokutanga runhare

Kunyange munguva yekare Greek ngano Theseus aiva kutaurwa sei nzira inogona nekufambisa mashoko okutanga. Aegeus, baba gamba, paakatuma mwanakomana wake chitsuwa cheKrete, muhondo chikara Minotaur, akamubvunza kana adzoka, kana kubudirira, kurera seiri muigwa chena, uye kana kukundwa - black. Zvinosuruvarisa kuti vakatanga foni haana kunyange kuberekwa, uye vakavhengana mavara, uye Aegeus, vachifunga kuti mwanakomana wake wafa, vakanyura. Gungwa, apo Wakaitwa, uye anonzi reAegean.

Kuenderera nyaya ine Link

Kwekanguva, vanhu Kumikidzo kugadzirisa dambudziko pamwe nokupfuuridzirwa zviratidzo uye zviratidzo pamusoro madaro marefu hazvibhadharwi. Kwenguva refu chakavimbika kupfuura nzira nechokwadi yepamusoro muchikurukurirana vaiva shiri uye vanhu. Kana mamiriro okunze akanga chakashata uye akanga asingadi kumhanya, kushandisa moto moto, utsi, inzwi kana zvimwe zviratidzo. Kunyange zvazvo, zvakajeka, muzana remakore rechi16 paiva panyaya, Giovanni della Porta, imwe musayendisiti wokuItaly kushandisa nhaurirano iri nyere kubatanidza. Nzira yakadaro unoshanda zvikepe yokukurukura pakati injini mukamuri uye mukuru. Saka, pfungwa kuisa pombi akadaro nharaunda yose Italy haana kusangana kunzwisisa, uye foni yokutanga iri nguva akanga asina kutanga.

The chimurenga muFrance uye budiriro iri kutaurirana nyaya

Mechanic Klod Shapp muna 1789 yakapa pacho kugadzirisa nyaya pamwe kubatana sezvinotevera: yose France aida kukurukura richikurukura shongwe uye dzishandise pamusoro namano avo, yaigadzirwa mapuranga. Panguva iyoyo vaifanira kuonekwa zvakajeka kure. Usiku, magetsi dzakavhenekera pamusoro kumigumo rinoparadza. Inside neshongwe yaiva telegrapher, kuchinja nzvimbo rinoparadza. A bhuku nguva naye yaiva mapazi kweshongwe maonero. Agere kwake telegrapher zvakakopwa shoko uye akatuma pamusoro. Saka akaenda - kubva pokutangira kusvikira pakuguma. Unogona kuwana anenge 200 anofambidzana, kuchinja nzvimbo rinoparadza. bumbiro remitemo rakanga rakanyorwa, iro raiva mukabhuku Vhoriyamu mapeji 92, chimwe nechimwe chaiva zvakafanana nhamba mashoko. Telegraph mushandi vakapfuura shoko nhamba uye peji zvenguva pfungwa yacho Cipher haina kuzivikanwa, asi anongoti achipfuura wemishonga yapihwa. Klod Shapp - kwete asi vakatanga norunhare, asi yake hombe kurudza Napoleon akatanga nzira yake kukurukurirana zvinenge yose Europe. Sezvineiwo, nokupfuuridzirwa mwero yakanga yakakwirira zvakakwana. Somuenzaniso, shoko kubva St. Petersburg kuna Warsaw akaenda kumwe maminitsi 45, kana chete kunze akanga chakaipa.

Nokugadzirwa kwakaitwa nemagetsi uye kutaurirana

Kana magetsi yagadzirwa kekutanga masayendisiti haana kuriwana kushanda. Chiitiko wokutanga uye yatepfenyurwa pamusoro kure mashoko. YeAustria masayendisiti, vachiona kutsamira pane neteregirafu Chappe okunze akasika ayo yemagetsi musiyano. Nhengo Munich Academy Semmering muna 1809 tega zano unobatanidza kune waya-matatu namashanu, mumwe unoenderana nhamba uye earufabheti. Post kwakaitika patireyi izere nemvura, kwakava wemagetsi redunhu network, sezvamakaropafadzwa gasi matema vari dzinounzwa, uye ruzivo verenga payo. Magadzirirwo akanga yakaoma chaizvo, hazvisi kubatwa, chete muna 1832 chakaiswa yakakodzera kushandiswa elektrotelegraf. Rakanga yakaitwa Schilling, musayendisiti kubva Russia, uye gare gare vakanatswa Varungu Cooke uye Wheatstone. Saka, zvishoma nezvishoma, tisimuke kuti, sezvo zvakaitika michina yacho runhare, muchidimbu kumbomira panguva dzinokosha.

Nokugadzirwa kwakaitwa Morse

teregirafu ake arufabheti uye kuparadzira midziyo Morse akaratidza kuruzhinji muna 1837. Kubva nguva ino yemagetsi teregirafu uye akatanga kwokukunda kufora yake pose. Pfuurei 10 makore mutsetse ake vakakorekana dzakawanda North America uye Europe. kufara ake aiva kwenheyo dziri waya kubatana pamusoro Atlantic Ocean pasi, akaita muna 1866 achibatsirwa muchikepe "Eastern Great", inovakirwa kuti chinangwa ichi. Kana redhiyo yakanga yagadzirwa, Morse ndanogara Eteri. Zvino, pasinei vakawanda kuparadzirwa Satellite, cellular, zvakakurumbira-vapfumi kukurukurirana, Indaneti, pane vanhu, uye vazhinji vanosarudza kutuma neteregiramu. Uye kwete chete mumisha asiwo mumaguta makuru. Ikozvino tiri pedyo chaizvo yakadaro inokosha musi sezvo gore michina yacho runhare.

Apo runhare yagadzirwa

Pakutanga kwezana remakore rechimakumi maviri chikuru nzira yokukurukurirana aiva runhare. Akaberekwa zvikuru akazotevera neteregirafu, ake akazotsiviwa. Panguva ino akanga ari mukuru aizotangira Firipi Rice, musayendisiti wokuGermany, iye tega zano kuti achishandisa galvanic kuitika chero kure anotakura inzwi romunhu muna 1861. Makore 15 gare gare Aleksandr Grehem Bell, mudzidzisi chikoro muna Philadelphia, akaratidza wokutanga dzenhare zvemagetsi midziyo panguva World Exhibition. Rangarirai, 1876 - musi michina yacho runhare. Asi Elish Gray, mumwe muvambi, chete vaviri maawa kunonoka chete chikumbiro nokuda chete kuvamba. Naizvozvo, ndiro rine chokwadi panyaya iyi - evasingatombonamati kwakajairika.

Kugadzirwa telecommunication

makore mashanu chete papera nzira itsva yokukurukurirana, waiva nyore Telegraph, kuva chikamu upenyu hwevanhu. Wakamboona mifananidzo wokutanga runhare? Saka, yakakurumbira Thomas Edison vakwana mudziyo ichi, uye vakava rinoreva chaizvoizvo nezuva yokukurukurirana. A teregirafu raiva uye anoramba paruzhinji. Pakanga nezvechisarudzo uye munda runhare. Nokuda kumhanya nekutumirwa kwemauto uye nyore yokugadzirisa nayo, zvava dzetsika dzemagariro hondo uye muchiuto. Wokutanga yenhare yakavhurwa 1878. It inzira pakukurukurirana, kufanana neteregirafu, akawana mamiriro munhu. Wavo wenguva mashandiro vasingagoni kudzivirira kana chimurenga kana hondo. Of mafirimu kakawanda ivavo wakaona kuti mumwe kufarira mabasa vemauto sezvo White Army uye Red, panguva Civil War akanga pererugivanie nayo pafoni.

Muchidimbu pamusoro wokutanga runhare

Munoziva, iye mukuru vakatanga runhare. Chii saizvozvo kuti foni yokutanga? Nenzira, nokugadzirwa netsaona, kufanana nevamwe vakawanda muupenyu huno. Kana kuedza uye kuedza tsvikinyidza ndiro kutanga kuita somunhu chinyakare diaphragm, uye kufunga mamwe yaiva nyaya nguva. Somugumisiro, runhare Bell rava kutekenyedzwa panguva pashoo. Kunyange zvazvo mudziyo wokutanga aishanda chete kure mazana maviri metres, ane monstrous inzwi vachikanganisa, achitumira uye kugamuchira mano vakanga yekare chaizvo. The muvambi akasika "Society foni Bell" uye vakatanga kushingaira kuvandudza nayo. Somugumisiro, pashure imwe chete gore patented Fittings uye Kamudzira itsva mudziyo wako. Zvishoma Papera akashandisa imwe kabhoni maikorofoni (kuwedzera kutapurirana kure) uye dzinofambiswa ne vakaparadzana mabhatiri. A pfuurei makore zana anenge ari muchimiro foni uye kwakatora.

Development runhare kukurukurirana muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri

Sei akaenda pakuzadzisa nokugadzirwa, dzinorongwa Aleksandr Bell? Phone, ivo akasika nokukurumidza kupfuura teregirafu uye akaenda kukura nokuda kusvetuka uye miganhu. Pakati Canada uye Scotland, wokutanga transatlantic runhare wire Tat-1 wakaradzikwa muna 1956. Uye pashure paizvozvo - vanopfuura zviuru zana makiromita ane netambo yakadaro. Kusanganisira - Washington - Moscow, yakakurumbira hurumende chaiyo waya nokuda richibatanidza American mutungamiri uye musoro Soviet Union. Hapana munhu akanga kuiwana. , Waya, basa wire runhare ichi Chokwadi, zvakawanda zvinodhura kudarika runhare, kunyanya kana iwe nhamba recessed uye akavigwa mhangura, asi nzvimbo yayo hakuzofadzi kuitora. Kanenge nokuda kwayo rakavimbika zvikuru uye zvinoita kuti gamha kukurukurirana.

runhare nhasi

Bell - vakatanga foni - asingagoni, zvichida, uye kuti mberi kwakaitwa kubatana zvevakomana. Zvaizoratidza sokuti kukura Mobile kutaurirana kunofanira kunetesa waya, asi vapedzisira kuramba mberi, kunyanya mumaguta makuru yakafanira, sezvo yave akati, rakavimbika, uye kuunzwa michina mitsva, akadai faibha-optic network. Uye kana iwe wakanganwa, nokuti vamwe waya hwakatamisirwa Internet? Kazhinji, izvo aitaura vanasekuru vedu, uye nechepakati chikamu Moscow - vanasekuru zvikuru. With noungwaru zvigadzirwa, foni Inoziva mhepo uye vakatendeukira kubva mira chinhu ari shamwari yevanhu nyore chaizvo uye kukura.

Chimwe shanduro vakatanga runhare

Kuratidza dingindira nokugadzirwa izvi zvinoreva kukurukurirana, tisingatauri pamusoro kuneimwe shanduro, pamusoro izvo vakatanga foni - Ilayshi Gray uye Aleksandr Bell haana. Muna 2007 akabudisa bhuku rinozivikanwa mutsvakurudzi, wenhau Seth Shulman, umo akanyora kuti ekupedzisira akanga aba nokugadzirwa mukwikwidzi uye zvakaitika nayo kure sezvo yake. The chikuru nhindi uchapupu mukabhuku Bella, kuwana izvo kusvikira 1976 yaiva duku kwazvo. Saka, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, kuti Gray ave paakakumbira bvumidzwa kutanga, asi muvengi wake, nemhaka pfumbamuromo uye nehasha magweta, akakwanisa kunyoresa munhu bvumidzwa pamberi. Asi kwete ndizvozvo zvose. Pane dzidziso kuti sezvo muvambi rokutanga foni kunogona kuonekwa uye Kuvshinov Rays, musayendisiti wokuGermany. mudziyo wake, akasikwa 1860, akakwanisa wokushandura kutaura pamusoro kure, asi unoshanda zvakasiyana musimboti. Zviya, Gray akatanga basa rake somuvezi, mune zvakafanana kudzidza pana Oberlin College. Ndakabva vaedza magetsi teregirafu unyanzvi uye yakagadzirwa kubva pahotera yambiro mudziyo Wire chinja midziyo kuti yakananga kudhinda uye dzimwe namano. Court kuti kodzero kuva vakatanga norunhare, akarasikirwa, uye kuti Bell Kubvira yakatanga vaiona.

Future tarisiro kukura kutaurirana zvivako

The muvambi foni, ani vangava, aigona pamwe kufungidzira remangwana zviri kukurukurirana. Ndivo zvishoma renyaya, asi, zvakadaro, vane kodzero iripo. It - telepathy, kana, mune mamwe mazwi, nokupfuuridzirwa pfungwa kure. Kare manonwe remakore rapfuura, Soviet Academician Glushkov akaratidza maonero ichi. Akataura kuti pfungwa dzevanhu muitiro achatumirwa kuti kombiyuta, izvozvo ucharangarira nayo, pakupedzisira kuwana symbiosis wakakwana womunhu uye muchina. Uye aiva nechivimbo chokuti muna 2020, inoenderana zvakazara mudzimu kombiyuta uye uropi zvichabviswa kubudirira. Kufunga kuti kombiyuta linked unotsiva chinyakare nzira mashoko kuchinjirwa pamusoro kure, academician for hakurevi kusika pfungwa tarenda kwazvo. Zvechokwadi, vakawanda sokuti shamisa muchimuka riitike. Somuenzaniso, pekugara, zvakazara nekombiyuta, heti, zvakabatana kuti PC, achitumira kutarisana nezvekufadza. Kamwe yakanga ingano Artura Klarka uye Ray Bradbury. Kana kombiyuta anodhinda-uri murayiro kwenzwi romunhu. Kana pane kudiwa kupararira kwepfungwa nechokure, ipapo kusarudza nyaya iyi. Chiri kuitira kure hapana zvechokwadi haana kuda.

A zvishoma pamusoro dzimwe zvigadzirwa evanhu

Kunyange zvazvo michina yacho runhare ndechimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha, asi dzose zvakagadzirwa nevanhu hazvirevi kuguma ikoko. Zvino isu muchidimbu nyora gumi inokosha vavo.

1. Doro.
2. Internet.
3. pamuviri.
4. Mishonga.
5. Yokutindivadza.
6. Print.
7. Sewerage.
8. Tools.
9. Cooking.
10. Language.

Brief Biography pamusoro Aleksandra Bella

Kamwe takataura pamusoro chakatangwa musayendisiti mukuru, unofanira kupa pepa rehurukuro kuti Biography ake. Akanga akaberekerwa Edinburgh (Scotland), wechitatu muna March 1847. Vazhinji hama dzake vaiva basa nenyanzvi rhetoricians - babamunini, baba uye sekuru. The yokupedzisira kunyange akanyora bhuku iri zvinotaurwa nevezvematongerwe. Alexander panguva rokutanga pakufamba kwavo, kuMudzidzisi rapera chikoro uye akava mudzidzisi mumhanzi uye achitsetsenura. Akadzidza gore pa Edinburgh University, akabva atamira Bath (England). Muna 1870 mhuri yakatamira Canada uye vakagara Ontario. Pano, Bell akaramba kuita chiratidzo hutachiwana kuburikidza telecommunication nyaya pane kufarira Scotland. Created Somuenzaniso, yemagetsi piyano, izvo aired pamusoro mumhanzi waya. Nokukurumidza pashure, muna 1873, Alexander akava mudzidzisi kutaura physiology pa Boston University. Makore matatu gare gare Akagamuchira bvumidzwa nokuda michina yacho runhare №174465. Uyewo, yave nechokuita chiedza mwaranzi, vakazochinja pave pakasikwa faibha-optic ruzivo. Muna 1877, akaroora Mabel Hubbard, mudzidzi wake, muna 1882 - akava US mugari. Wechipiri akafa August 1992. Munyika kweminiti, kukudza zvaanoyeuka, zvose foni vakanga akochonorwa.