Uzbekistan, zvinofadza: guva reSamanids. Mausoleum yeSamanids mu Bukhara: tsanangudzo, nhoroondo

Samanid Mausoleum pearl yeCentral Asian architecture. Kukwezva kwakavakwa pakati pemakore anenge 892 uye 943. Inofungidzirwa kuti ndiyo yekare yakavezwa yezvigadzirwa zveIslam muCentral Asia. Mukuwedzera, ndiyo chete chinhu chakachengetedzwa chekugadzirisa panguva yekutonga kwemhuri yeSamanid. Kukosha kwekugadzira kunowedzera zvakanyanya, zvichipiwa chokwadi chokuti Islam inorambidza kuvakwa kwemausoleums yezvakanyorwa. Nokudaro, munyaya yeSamanid Mausoleum, kutaura kunogona kunge kune kukanganisa kwokutanga kwemurairo uyu, saka naizvozvo mausoleum okutanga ehurongwa hwakadaro munhoroondo yezvivakwa zveIslam. Zvose izvi zvinoita kuti chiratidzo chinowanzozivikanwa pakati pevatariri vanogara vachiuya kuBukhara nokuda kwekufungisisa kwayo.

Nzvimbo yedombo

Samanid Mausoleum iri muBukhara, mune nhoroondo yayo. Akaiswa mupaki, iyo yakavhuniwa panharaunda yemakuva emangwanani. Makore mashomanana akapfuura haikwanise kuongororwa nekuda kwezvikamu, kubwinya kwaro kwakasvika mamita maviri. Asi nhasi zvose izvi zviri munguva yakapfuura: chikumbaridzo chinosunungurwa kubva mumarara aya uye chinowanikwa kumeso evanhu vose.

Iyo mausoleum yeSamanids (Uzbekistan) yakaramba ichinetseka kusvika muna 1920. Akashandiswa kunze kwezvinangwa zvechitendero. Kukwezva kwakabviswa pamakuva ndokudzorerwa muna 1934.

Kufananidza kweChina

Iyo mausoleum yeSamanids (Bukhara) ndiyo chinyorwa chakanakisisa uye chisina kujairika chezvakaitika kare uye zvakakosha zvekugadzira uye zvigadzirwa zvezvigadzirwa. Inoreva kuberekwa kwemaitiro matsva mumapuranga ekare kare marashi oasis, ayo akaberekwazve shure kwekurwisa kweArabhu. Nzira huru yezvivakwa zvepamusoro nekuvakwa kwayo yakasikwa pano nekuda kwetsika dzeCentral Asian matanho - cube iyo inoputira dome pachikwata chine masvingo masere. Mhando yezvivako ivo pachavo vanowana maitiro avo ezvinyorwa mukufananidzira: cube iyo fomu yakasimba, chiratidzo chePasi; Iyo dome inotevedzera denga. Uye kupindirana kwavo kwakafanana neChiripo. Nokudaro, chimiro, pamwe chete neguta, chaive muenzaniso wezvose.

Exterior view

Samanid Mausoleum ine chimiro chekona, rutivi rwacho runosvika mamita gumi. Inovakwa nematombo anopiswa. Chimwe nechimwe chezvikamu zvina zvechivako chakazarurwa kuti chiongororwe. Pamusoro pezvikamu zvose zvepamusoro pamakamuri mana aripo. Havana zvipfeko zvekushongedza, uye kunewo zvakare misoro-misoro. Firigree arcade, kune rumwe rutivi rwakave nemasvingo ane gumi, anofukidzira mapuranga. Makona eimba yacho ane zvinyorwa zviduku. Idzo zvishoma zvichishandurwa kusvika pakati pezvikwangwani zvemasango. Pakati pepatenga pane dome guru rine rambo ruduku.

Iyo mausoleum yeSamanids (Bukhara) ine, sezvatotaurwa pamusoro apa, mativi mana, rimwe nerimwe rine magonhi emakona. Izvo zvakakonzerwa mupfungwa yakaoma. Gedhi rine chishongo chekunze chekunze, icho chinotanga kupinda muhombe, uye zvino kupinda muchechi chiduku chemajoko. Terracotta yakagadziridza zvinhu zvinoshongedza mapuranga emasuo. Chimiro chekushongedza chakagadzirwa nezvidhinha ndicho chiyero cheimwe chivako.

Mukati meMausoleum ine maitiro mana, iyo yakaiswa pairi nemakona mana emakona.

Pakati nyaya

I Samanid Mausoleum yakanyanya kufanirwa kuti pane zvisingamboiti nhoroondo yekare pamusoro payo. Nhoroondo yezvisikwa zvechinhu ichocho chine kungofungidzira uye kuvimba nemafungiro ayo pane nhoroondo uye nhoroondo. Maererano neimwe shanduro, Mausoleum yakavakwa nheyo yehesi yaIsmail Samani yababa vake. Kwapera nguva iyo chinhu chakashandurwa kuva guva remhuri yeSamanids. Inofungidzirwa kuti Ismayil pachake, uyo akafa muna 907, anovigwa pano. Uyewo pano paiva pokupotera kwake kokupedzisira uye muzukuru wake Nasr II ibn Ahmad, uyo akafa muna 943. Zita romunhu uyu chaiye rakawanikwa pabhodhi rehuni riri pamusoro pesuwo.

Iko Samanid Tomb yakafukidzwa neimwe nheyo inofadza, iyo yakasiyana zvakasiyana neyoyo yepamutemo yakagamuchirwa shanduro yeIslami. Nokudaro, nhoroondo inotaura kuti mushure mekunge maArabhu akakunda Bukhara, vakaparadza temberi dzose dzeZoroastrian. Imba yeZuva chete neTemberi yeMwedzi yakagone kurarama. Iko kune pfungwa yokuti Temberi yeMwedzi yakarongeka zvakare mumusangano Magoki-Atari. Temberi yeZuva yakazovawo Samanid Mausoleum.

Hazrati Imam Complex

Shrine yeSamanids haisi iyo chete chivako icho Uzbekistan inokurumbira . Kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzinofarira pano. Semuenzaniso, muTashkent kune rakakosha rakakosha Khazrati Imam - nzvimbo yakareba apo pane zvivako zvakasiyana-siyana zveMweya Uzbek tsika. Nzvimbo yepamusoro pano inopiwa mausoleum yezita rimwechete, umo mutumbi wefizifi mumiririri uye nyanzvi Kaffal-ash-Shashi inosara. Mausoleum yakavakwa muna 1541. Chimiro chacho chinoratidzirwa nechimiro chakafanana nemuti. Iko mukati nekunze masvingo echivako zvakashongedzwa nemajolica matombo uye matombo ematombo.

Izvo zvakaoma zveHazrati Imam zvakare ndeyekuvakwa kweIslamic Institute uye Juma musque. Izvi zvivako zvakarongedzwa zvakanakisisa nenzira yenyika.

Mazuva ano maonero eTashkent

Uzbekistan inewo nzvimbo dzemazuva ano. Zvitsva zvegwenzi iri zvinogona kuwanikwa muTashkent imwechete. Saka, pano unogona kushanyira "Aqualand" - iyi igungwa, iro rakavakwa mukati memuganhu weUzbek capital. Sezvo mamiriro okunze munharaunda iyi yenyika yakaoma uye yakatsva, nzvimbo yacho inowanzodiwa kune vose vanogara muguta uye pakati pevakashanyira. Mune "Aqualand" kune mavhisi evashanyi - madziva mashanu evanhu, gonye rimwe, mashizha makuru ekugadziridzwa kwakasiyana-siyana, Jacuzzi uye nharaunda yakakurumbira inonzi "Kamikaze".

Uyewo muTashkent unogona kushanyira museum weAmir Timur, iyo yakavhurwa muna 1996. Nzvimbo yacho ine mukana wekuzivana nenyaya yenyika kuburikidza nejeri rematongerwo emadzitateguru evanhu veTimurids, avo vanove vana vaTamerlane ane simba. Mu musimamende pane anenge zviuru zvitatu zvinoratidzwa, izvo zvinotaura nezvehupenyu uye kushandiswa kwechi hero ichi mukurumbira.

Afterword

Uzbekistan yakafuma mune zvakawanda zvayo. Asi iyo yakakurumbira uye inozivikanwa pakati pavo ndeyechokwadi, iyo yeSamanid Mausoleum, tsanangudzo yepi inopiwa pamusoro apa. Icho chinhu chakauya kwatiri kuburikidza nemakore kubva kure, kure kure. Anoshevedzera hukuru hwake uye anoshamisika nekutenderera. Iyo Ubeks inoichengetedza zvakanaka uye pane imwe nguva inopfugamira nayo.

Iyo mausoleum inoumba kunaka kwekumabvazuva kwechikuru uye tsika dzeMuslim. Iyo ndeyekuwanda kwezvikwereti izvo zvakakosha kushanyira nyika yakadaro seUzbekistan.