US sarudzo hurongwa: uchitsoropodzwa, vatungamiri vebato, dunhu zvinhu. The nesarudzo hurongwa Russia uye United States (zvishoma)

The sarudzo dzemutungamiriri wenyika - iguru nguva dzose chiitiko, zvisinei munyika umo zvaitika. Panguva idzi anokosha kusarudza zvaitika mamiriyoni, uye dzimwe nguva mabhiriyoni evanhu. Kana sarudzo wenyika inoitwa yakakura kudaro uye simba mamiriro akaita United States, kana, somuenzaniso, munyika yedu, kuRussia, chiitiko ichi nokuda yose, nokuti masimba makuru akaisa muitiro kuti dzimwe nyika dzose uye kusarudza geopolitics pose. Zvichida ndosaka nzira zviitiko kutanga kutevera kunyange vanhu kure zvematongerwo enyika.

Nyaya iyi anotarira kuuya musarudzo muUnited States. Muverengi vachadzidza kufanana dzavo uye kusiyana ne akafanana muitiro munyika yedu. Uyezve, isu tsanangura kuti US Electoral maitiro, uye taura ayo zvakanakira nekuipira.

Dzinokosha pamusoro mudziyo

Saka sei kuti vavake Sarudzo muUnited States? Power muUnited States rakakamurwa matavi matatu:

• pamutemo;
• dare;
• Executive.

Ichi Hurongwa zvavo akafanana needu. Vamiririri zvemitemo uye masimba vakasarudzwa kuburikidza kuvhota, uye matare, uye vanogona kunyange kupiwa (zvichienderana kubva ehurumende kuti state).

US Congress - ndiyo huru zvemitemo muviri, rakakamurwa Imba Representatives uye Seneti. Wokutanga zvinosanganisira 435 nhengo vari ndigowana 2 years. The Seneti anosarudzwa 2 vanhu kubva mumwe mamiriro kwemakore 6 pamakore.

Elections in United States muchidimbu anotarira - mutungamiri uye mutevedzeri wapurezidhendi anosarudza ane nesarudzo kukoreji, apo mavhoti vemo. Kuwanda bhodhi zvakaenzana nokuwanda Representatives, pamwe Kusara District of Columbia. Haana congressmen, asi ane nesarudzo mavhoti matatu. Total kukura bhodhi iri 538 nhengo. More mashoko US nesarudzo gadziriro iri kukurukurwa pazasi.

A Nhoroondo shoma

Yokutanga wenyika musarudzo muUnited States yakaitwa muna 1789. Panguva iyoyo, mutungamiriri aiva Dzhordzh Vashington uye chaizvoizvo akasarudzwa vachibvumirana. Aiva enyika simba chaizvo mufananidzo uye vakanakidzwa mukurumbira mukuru pakati nevanovhota. Panguva iyoyo, chete 10 inoti muchirongwa musarudzo.

Election US vemutungamiri gadziriro iri zvachose nokudzorwa rokutanga uye rechipiri nyaya yacho US reMitemo. Uyezve, pane vakawanda pamutemo nomutemo mabasa zvainanga mukuvandudza muitiro. Somugumisiro, US sarudzo hurongwa inoumbwa zvinotevera mitemo:

1. Of 1965, iyo rinobvumira sarudzo kune vemadzinza ose pasina anosara.
2. Kubva 1984 pamusoro pakagadzwa nzvimbo vakagadzirira vavhoti vakaremara.
3. Chakagamuchirwa muna 1993 mutemo chekuita kunyoresa vavhoti.

Kuwedzera pane zviri pamusoro apa, pane vakawanda zviyero zvainanga kurwisa mabasa enhema uye siyana kubiridzira.

Kana iwe haufaniri kupinda zvakadzama yakawandisa, zvitsauko uye yakabvumira kugadziriswa kwemutemo wekuita, vaviri chete anofanira kusarudzwa pane yeUnited musimboti (senzwi vagari vose pamusoro nyika) - ndiye mutungamiri uye mutevedzeri wapurezidhendi. Zvisinei, nokuda peculiarities munyika kuzvidzora mugadziriro, sarudzo dzisina zvakananga, asi mumatanho maviri, achibatsirwa ari Electoral College.

The College hwagadzwa muna 1787, ayo chaizvoizvo ari kuti mumwe mamiriro akasarudza chaiwo Vamiririri, uyowo vasanangurwa President. The chaiye rakasikwa mubatanidzwa yakadaro zvishoma musoro, asi panguva imwe chete riri kuitika kuti nguva. The College hwakagadzwa kuti vavhoti haana kuvhota kuti kutyisidzira kuvimbika US musarudzo pachena, somuenzaniso, siyana radicals uye mwero. Uye kunyange zvazvo pfungwa chinguva zvinopesana hweruzhinji, mamiriro ezvinhu mashandiro anopfuura mazana maviri nemakore.

voter kodzero

Mune US, nedzidziso gadziriro voter kunyoresa. Kuvhota vavhoti vaya vakanyorwa musarudzo. Nokuda hunhu wegadziriro, vavhoti vakawanda kunyimwa kodzero kuvhota Somuenzaniso, pamusana kuchinja dzokugara kana nokuda asipo. Muchiitiko chino, chinhu chaizvo duku nhamba yemakambani vavhoti vanokwanisa kudzoka nevasanagurwa.

Uyezve, mune dzimwe inoti pane Vanzveri vakawanda vechidiki vasingabhadharwi munyika ndandanda vavhoti, asi chaiyo nhamba haagoni kupiwa pano, sezvo hapana centralized hurongwa hwevanhu evoruzhinji.

Zvinodiwa Kuti electors

Kazhinji, zvakanaka-anozivikanwa vanhu vanogona kuvimbwa kumiririra zvido ehurumende. Kazhinji, ivo electors uye dzeparamende - kunyanya US nesarudzo hurongwa. Kazhinji panewo enyika dzemitambo, dzevanhu kurovedzera uye nevamwe vanhu aivimbwa.

Kuwanda electors anoenzanirana nokuwanda Vamiriri ezvinhu. The Kufunga iri nyore - vazhinji vanhu, vazhinji vakuru, naro anoshanda US nesarudzo hurongwa. Driving nokuwanda vakuru pano zvakafanana chero guru ezvinhu. Mune dzimwe rinoti, electors yakatarwa utungamiriri vemapato (Republican uye Democratic), uye vamwe zvinoshandiswa zvakananga musarudzo kuvhota.

Zvinodiwa Kuti vemutungamiri mumiriri

Sezvo munyika dzakawanda, chinoita chokuratidza ndiyo kuvapo citizenship pamusoro vemutungamiri kukwikwidza, mukuwedzera, chinofanira kuberekwa muUnited States. Minimum zera nominee anofanira akaenzana makore 35, uye munhu uyu vanosungirwa kugara America kwemakore anopfuura 14 makore.

The musarudzo haagoni kuva purezidhendi kupfuura kaviri. Standard yakatarwa zvinodiwa, dzakadai iri kuitwa munyika yedu, uye mune dzimwe nyika dzakawanda.

sarudzo vanoronga

Inobva kumusoro matanho, unogona kuita kuti algorithm sarudzo uye sei purezidhendi nesarudzo ino muUnited States yakati. Heuno muenzaniso kutevedzana kushanda:

1. It akaita gadziriro vakasarudzwa electors.
2. Kuhwina zvikuru mavhoti.
3. Electors vanovhotera mumwe vemutungamiri mumiriri.
4. Migumisiro inotumirwa US Congress.
5. The musangano Congress haazobvumiri mavhoti.
6. Rakawana mavhoti akawanda ane zvikuru nhamba mavhoti.

The US sarudzo: Vatungamiriri bato

Republicans uye Democrats - vaviri kupfuura simba uye mukuru webato muUnited States. Ndoupi musiyano?

Democrats - mumagariro akatarisa bato. Mashoko avo - kutsigira varombo strata chavagari, siyana mabasa makomborero, vakasununguka mishonga, kurambidza vanhu rufu. Yose wokuti bato rimwe sunungukei, chinotaurwa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana mberi mitemo, kusunungurwa uye kuronga mari.

Republicans vanonyanya kuchinja. Vanoomerera zvakawanda inoomesera maonero utungamiriri, uye izvi zvinoratidzwa zvinhu zvakawanda. Somuenzaniso, imwe pfungwa hurumende ichiisa budgetary mari, mwero iri uchiratidza kuzvipira kunyika uye simba, kudzivirira pakati kirasi uye basa.

Kune mamwe mapato, asi havana mari chero zvakadaro, hapana rutsigiro kwakadaro, sezvo vaviri apa. Vamhan'ari kwavari kwakaoma chaizvo kuenda reCongress uye kuti zvimwe vatsigire zvavanofarira. Izvi zvinoshandawo musarudzo dzemutungamiriri wenyika - anosimudzirwa mapato akadaro kungoti hapana cherechedzai.

dzeparamende

Iwo chokwadi, chikuru. Bato rimwe nerimwe rakaitirwa pachavo vhoti yavo kuti anosarudza vachava chete kukwikwidza nekuda yapurezidhendi. It anosarudza kuti US nesarudzo hurongwa. Muchidimbu, pane mhando mbiri dzeparamende - zvose indoor uye Outdoor.

Muchiitiko chokutanga, chete bato nhengo vhoti, umo mune sarudzo aikwikwidza, uye yechipiri - kuvhota kuita zvose. An dzinonakidza chepfungwa American kwava kuti hapana chikuru bato mahofisi pamwe rakabatana hutungamiri. Asi, rimwe nerimwe mamiriro ane yayo Democrats uye Republicans.

The kuvhota kwacho hakuna kudzorwa nenzira ipi zvayo ine mutemo chete munyika, uye ose ezvinhu chinoenda zvainoda. Kumwe mapato vanosarudza vaida huru, uye dzimwe nguva vanovhotera emunharaunda vatungamiri.

The ezvinhu aripo

Zvino muna 2016, izvo zvinoreva kuti ari mhino 58th US musarudzo. The musi chaiwo musarudzo - 8 November. The Democrats panguva pane mbiri musarudzo wenyika - Hillary Clinton, uyo akashanda se Munyori weHurumende, uyewo Bernard Sanders, uyo ari Seneta ane mamiriro. wavanorwisana anoita Republican Donald Trump, billionaire uye vaitungamirira munhu utsinye chaizvo kushambadza chirongwa.

Hillary Clinton ane simba mumiriri kubva Democratic Party. Nokuti ruzivo kwayo kukuru mune zvematongerwo enyika uye yaiona mabasa. Iye anozivikanwa kwete chete chokuti akaroora 42nd President of United States of America, asi basa rake somunhu Senator (New York), uyewo Munyori weHurumende kubva 2009 kusvika 2013.

The musarudzo, Hillary Clinton ivimbiso nokururamisira vakasimba US upfumi. Izvi achabudiswa mumatauriro yakawedzera mubayiro kirasi pakati, mukuwedzera, ndiko kumutsa shoma mubayiro uye munzanga kuronga mari.

Bernard Sanders - aikwikwidza wechipiri rakasimba kubva Democratic Party. Akaberekerwa muna 1941 uye akatanga ake rezvematongerwe muna 1972, vachiedza kutora nzvimbo Vermont gavhuna (akarasa sarudzo). Uyezve, muna 1981 akanga haunted nokuda dzakatevedzana nezvipingamupinyi, asi Sanders akaita akagadzwa Meya Burlington. Akanga akasarudzirwa pambiru katatu, uye gare gare akaedza kutyora kupinda gungano sezvo yakazvimirira mumiriri. Muna 1990, iye variwana. Zvadaro akava Congressman kwenguva refu, uye ipapo akagadzwa Seneta kubva Vermont.

The sarudzo purogiramu kukwikwidza ichi unofadza zvikuru. Sanders - a kufarira US vechidiki. Iye anonzi rimwe akatendeseka kwazvo wenyika musarudzo. Musimboti chirongwa chake ndeyokunzwa evanhu kuenzana muUnited States kubudikidza pakasikwa utano inishuwarenzi inokwanisika, achisimbisa kutarisira nemauto zvemari, kubatsira vanoshayiwa, asi Accessibility yepamusorosoro.

Donald Trump - the Republican akasimba. Zvakanga chaizvo paruzhinji munhu uye kutanga makwikwi. Unonzi inobudirira billionaire muzvinabhizimisi, uye sezvo nhau vanhu. Kazhinji vanotaura nhau, iye ane guru kambani kuvaka, neketani hotelle uye dzokubhejera, mukuwedzera, Trump akanyora mabhuku anoverengeka bhizimisi.

Simba pre-sarudzo purogiramu Donald Trump akagadzirirwa kuti kuchinja chikamu US vemo. Aiva anotyisa anokumhan'arira vevanhu uye akavimbisa kurwisa zvizvarwa zvisiri pamutemo kubva kuMexico uye dzimwe nyika. Nezvimwewo musarudzo vane pfungwa chokuita dzoutano kuchinja. Kana ake, musimboti zvinhu mukuderedza mari inishuwarenzi nokuda nehurumende uye vagari pachavo. Uyezve, iye waitsigira vatsigire basa, kukurudzira upfumi uye maonero ake pamusoro dzimwe negwaro.

Nezvayakaipira US nesarudzo hurongwa

Chero zvingava zvakakodzera sarudzo gadziriro yacho USA, mutsoropodzi manotsi mairi mamwe downsides. Chinonyanya pachena munhu Democrat uye Republican vari nemari kubva bhajeti. Zvisinei, dzimwe shamwari enyika vasina kugona ichi, sezvo anofanira zvibodzwa zvinenge 5% of kuvhota musarudzo yapfuura. It chikara denderedzwa. Ringashandiswawo, uye zimbabwe Zano falsification Somuenzaniso, kufanana stuffing. Ndiko, kana kuvhota pezvakaitwa kushumira makambani private, vanogona chiokomuhomwe vavengi nyore.

Uyewo, munyika mune zano chakaipa chaizvo kuti anosarudza sei yose US nesarudzo hurongwa. Muzana remakore rechi19, yakanga kutanga kushandiswa michina iyi sezvo gerrymandered. redrawing iyi nesarudzo maruwa, izvo zvinoita kuti uzive zvinogona vavhoti nokuda miganhu kana dzinza mavambo Somuenzaniso, saka kuti vagari zvimwe enyika angavavhotera imwe kukwikwidza nekuda zvatinoda (kwemadzinza, zvematongerwo, maererano nedzimwe zvipikirwa).

Goodies

Zvisinei, US Electoral hurongwa, Zano iyo chinopiwa munyaya, uye ane yayo zvakwakanakira. All chete nenzvimbo esarudzo zvinogona kuva ndinoiitawo. Suffrage uye Elections muUnited States akamisa nenzira kuti kana vakawanda vechikamu musarudzo mashandiro achange kutevedza mitemo, ipapo zvichava zvikuru zvachose kusarudza kufarira kuti vavhoti, panguva imwe chete uye kufunga zvido zvose kumaruwa diki, uye vagari mikuru US maguta, kunyange zvazvo pamusoro chinokosha kusiyana nezvido vagari.

maitiro edu

The nesarudzo hurongwa Russia uye US Afanane, pakutanga, kuti zvose zviitiko vakasarudza pedyo ruzhinji. Democratic kusvika - huru zvakafanana pakati maviri inoti.

Chechipiri, uye United States, uye tine nesarudzo hurongwa hunobva mubumbiro. Zvisinei, pfungwa iyi anoshanda zvose dzakabudirira, asi kunyanya kukosheswa idzi mbiri dzine. In mamiriro edu anekodzero kuvhota chero mugari uyo zvakakwanisika nemakore 18.

Mukutonga nesarudzo wemuTesitamende nyika yedu kwaireva nesananguro vevatariri of State Duma, President dzimwe masangano ehurumende, mukuwedzera, nesananguro unyanzvi hunoshandiswa-dzataurwa pamusoro miviri anoshandiswawo panguva kuvhota kuti zvinzvimbo kwematunhu uye matunhu neminisiparati masangano.

Rimwe izwi wenyika munyika yedu akaenzana makore matanhatu. Shoma zera nokuti President - makore 35, mukuwedzera, anofanira wakagara munyika kwemakore anenge 10. Kusundira kushamwaridzana aikwikwidza vanhu dzinenge 100, tisingabatanidzi mabasa avo anosanganisira muunganidzwa vakasaina miriyoni imwe.

Kusarudza kuenda kunoitika maererano Federation Council. Masero ari kuitwa nenguva nenzira (kwete mazuva mazuva adarika pane 100 uye hapana paya pane 90 asati musangano). Zviri pamutemo yakatarwa polling zuva nezuva weSvondo romwedzi yakaitika yapfuura musarudzo yechipiri. Zvinogona mapurezidhendi vari nominated nomuridzi mapato kana ravo. Gare gare, Central Election Commission anofanira kunyora vaida avo kundosangana zvakafanira zvinodiwa, kusanganisira rutsigiro runodiwa nhamba vavhoti.

Kuvhota ari kuitwa munzvimbo zvikuru akashongedzerwa pasi zvachose kudzorwa ne voruzhinji (ichi chakabatwa inoverengeka yakasiyana mumatare mabasa, kuti mutemo iri nani uye nhasi). Vanhu vanouya musarudzo zvinofanira kucherechedzwa rworudyi kukwikwidza pamusoro nokuvhota uye woisa neyokupedzisira rakanamwa bhokisi chaiyo.

Tichiverenga mavhoti rinoitwa mumatanho dzinoverengeka, kutangira kubva panzvimbo kuvhota uye kuburikidza miganhu uye vepurovhinzi anouya CEC. The Central Election Commission vanosungirwa kuzivisa zvabuda 10 Mazuva mushure vhoti.

misiyano Key kubva America

Chinonyanya kukosha - ndiye kushaya ane nesarudzo pakoreji kana miviri akafanana kuti zvimwe anogona kukanganisa nzira kuvhota. Ndokusaka sarudzo yedu zvikuru democratic kupfuura United States. Pasinei zvakasimba kudzora hurumende uye mutemo munyika mbiri idzi, kuti kuvhota chivimbo kutapwa vashomanana vanhu, zvose muUnited States, hazvitombobvumidzwi Russia.

Hongu, sarudzo - iri muboka revatungamiriri simba, zvinogona kutyorwa uye levers siyana pachinhu vanovavhotera, asi zvose nyika dziri kuita zvose zvinobvira usabate kutyorwa uye kubereka kuvandudza mitemo yayo. Mukuwedzera, pano uye ikoko vakaita kusikwa shamwari siyana, risira sarudzo.