Upper shaya: mamiriro, mashandiro uye zvinoita kukuvadza

Chimiro kwakakodzera uye vasiri nezvaanogona zvomukati zvose uye nyama yacho chiso chomunhu akatsunga kwete chete utano asiwo chitarisiko. Chii kutsauka inogona kukura rokumusoro shaya, uye ndiye chii simba iroro?

Kunyanya nemamiriro rokumusoro rushaya

Yokumusoro shaya - pfupa chiutsi, chine muviri uye mana kwendangariro. Vemunyika chokumusoro mberi chikamu dehenya chiso, ndokuitakura mapfupa pneumatic, nokuti kuti ane mhango, mudungwe pamwe mucosa.

Zvinotevera pezvakaitwa rokumusoro shaya, iro akawana zita rayo kubva nzvimbo:

• frontal muitiro;
• zygomatic muitiro;
• alveolar pfupa;
• palatal pfupa.

Avilable pezvakaitwa

Uyewo, yokumusoro shaya muviri une hukawanika mana mberi, orbital, infratemporal uye nasal.

Pemvura orbital mativi ari chimiro, kumeso kune kubatwa uye zvishoma tilted mberi - anoumba munhu rusvingo muchadenga (muchadenga).

The pamberi pechiso shaya muviri hwakakungwa zvishoma, izvozvo anovhura zvakananga ophthalmic hwomukova pazasi riri pakati canine fossa.

Nasal pamusoro waro maumbirwo - kunzwisisa inotungamirwa. Rine maxillary mumukaha, zvinoita kuti maxillary sinus.

Zygomatic muitiro zvakare anoumba yokumusoro shaya marongerwo uye kushanda iyo kuvimba chakaipa kushanda pezvakaitwa zvose uye hukawanika.

Mabasa uye nevamwe zvinhu

Zvii pezvakaitwa mumuviri uye dehenya kungamutsawo Kumwe kuchinja kunotanga marongerwo uye kushanda mapfupa?

Yokumusoro shaya ndiye anokonzera dzinoverengeka pezvakaitwa:

• Vaibatanidzwa achiita dög, anoparadzira mutoro pamusoro mazino yokumusoro shaya.
• Anosarudza zvakarurama Positioning vose kwendangariro.
• Anoumba munhu mhango nokuti muromo uye mhuno, uye avo partitions.

pathological pezvakaitwa

Yokumusoro shaya nokuda kwayo mamiriro uye kuvapo sinus zviri nyore zvikuru kuti tikarega, vhoriyamu ayo anenge 5 masendimita ^3, nokuti mukana kuvakuvadza mafupa inowedzerawo.

Shaya pachayo iri yakatarwa yokuti zvakasimba merges navamwe mapfupa dehenya.

Pakati zvichibvira pathologic kuchinja kunyanya zvakajairika ndiye pakakuvara shaya (repamusoro kana kudzika). Kukuvara Anoporesa pamusoro zviri nyore zvikuru kupfuura mapfupa repasi shaya, nokuti, nokuda kwayo marongerwo uye nzvimbo, haifambi kuti Inowedzera patsva kuti rimwe pfupa raro.

Kuwedzera kune ose mitswe uye dislocations, panguva kuongorora nokuda chiremba wemazino anogona kubata komberedza kwacho, munhu chikofu pamusoro maxilla, izvo zvinoda kuvhiya kuti arubvise.

The muviri ane yokumusoro rushaya ari maxillary sinus, iyo kana zvakanaka kurapwa mazino (uye kwete chete) vangava zvomoto uye pane sinusitis - mumwe pathological muitiro shaya.

Blood zvitengeswa. innervation

Perfusion maxillary shaya wakakodzera tsinga uye awo. Mazino alveolar pfupa innervated nokuda trigeminal etsinga, uye zvakawanda zvakananga - the maxillary bazi.

Kana kuzvimba kana trigeminal chiso marwadzo anogona kupararira mazino zvachose utano, iyo inosvitsa chirwere nhema kunoitika uye dzimwe nguva kunyange yakakanganiswa dzokubudisa ane zino musi yokumusoro shaya.

Zviitiko sizvo nechirwere kakawanda, nekuti vachiregeredza mamwe nzira kuongororwa uye kuvimba kungobva kuzviitira manzwiro murwere, chiremba sezvo murwere utano ngozi, uyewo wayo mukurumbira.

Properties mazino pamusoro yokumusoro rushaya

Yokumusoro shaya ane yakaderera nhamba zvakafanana kwemeno. Meno rokumusoro shaya, kana panzvimbo dzavo midzi, vane kusawirirana kwavo, vari mari yavo uye kutungamirirwa.

Maererano nenhamba, uchenjeri meno ari maxilla kuputika wokutanga uye kakawanda kurutivi rworudyi.

Sezvo yokumusoro shaya mapfupa ari zvikuru wakawondereiko kudai mazuva ose pasi, uye extractions ine peculiarities ayo uye chinokosha kunhaka unyanzvi. Nokuti chinangwa ichi, Dental forceps chokubvisa meno chokumusoro shaya, rine imwe zita - the bhayoneti.

Kana iwe Kudzima zvakaipa mudzi kutsemuka anogona kuitika nokuti rokumusoro shaya, izvo mamiriro haabvumiri kushandisa simba inoda zvimwe nzira nechirwere pamberi maoparesheni. Kakawanda mafomu akadaro rinoitwa X-ray Kuongorora - orthopantomography kana computed tomography muviri shaya.

dzavanaChiremba

Kunoda kubviswa rokumusoro shaya, uye sei rokudzorera zvakajairika mashandiro pashure pakuvhiya?

Vakapa nzira iri dentistry rinozivikanwa maksillektomiya.

The zvairatidza kuti kuvhiyiwa vari:

• Nyanyisa mapundu mukati mumuviri maxilla kwayo zvinoshandiswa, uye pathological zvinyama overgrowth mhino, paranasal sinuses uye muromo.
• Benign mapundu zvinogona, panguva kufambira mberi, kuva pembedzo kubvisa muviri yokumusoro shaya.

maksillektomii nzira ine nhamba contraindications:

• Total murwere zvirwere, chenjera zvirwere, zvimwe zvirwere rokumusoro rushaya iri rikwanise Danho uye padanho exacerbation.
• Kana chinokosha kuparadzirwa pathological kwacho kana oparesheni hakuzovi danho iri kurapa chirwere, asi chete mutoro kenza murwere.

Preoperative kenza murwere anonyatsotsvaka rokutanga kuongorora zvainanga chinozivisa dzimwe abnormalities mumuviri murwere, uyewo tsanangudzo localization anomera.

chirwere matanho asati akaita nhoroondo yakakwana, zvainanga kugadzirisa etiologic zvinhu uye magene kubatwa.

Usati chinhu maoparesheni vanofanirawo narwo zvizere kuongororwa uye dzimwe nyanzvi. Izvi, kupfuura zvose, ophthalmologist - ziso Pakusarudza mamiriro wavo wenguva inoshanda, uye mukana yematambudziko pashure kuvhiyiwa.

Yokumusoro shaya ane pamuviri wake ziso rejeri uye nasal sinus, nokuda kwavo zvizere kuongorora kuitwa pamberi maksillektomiey fanira.

Uyezve, asati kuvhiya inokurudzirwa kuti tomography musoro uye mutsipa, izvo anovandudza zvizere murwere uye anobvumira kunyatsoona nzvimbo bundu kwacho.

Munguva oparesheni, zvinogona kuitika kuomesa - pakakuvara shaya (rokumusoro) kana inogona kukanganiswa nomudzimu chiso etsinga panguva isiri chinoumba. Chero matambudziko zvinogona kukanganisa kukura malignancy nokuda maksillektomii - ndiyo ngozi mamiriro nekenza murwere.

vachiberekwa malformations

Yokumusoro shaya inogona wakakanganiswa utero, iyo inosvitsa malformations pakati shaya yose chiso.

Chii chingava chikonzero kwake zvemamiriro kukura asati aberekwa?

• Genetic kubatwa. Kuti izvi zvisaitika hazvibviri, asi kuna rworudyi orthodontic uye vachibatsira kurapwa pashure pokuberekwa anogona kugadzirisa vachiberekwa deformities uye kudzorera chakaipa nokushanda kwenhengo yokumusoro shaya.
• Kukuvara munguva gestation mwana anogona kushandura nzira vasiri pamuviri uye kunyengedza Kumwe kuchinja kunotanga, izvo vakawanda pachena kune rokumusoro shaya. Uyewo zvakaipa tsika mai uye kushandisa zvimwe mishonga panguva pamuviri kunogona kuva mutsindo chakaita panowanikwa vachiberekwa abnormalities.

marudzi pathologies

Pakati huru pathological pezvakaitwa kukanganisa kukura shaya, kusunungurwa:

• Nhaka anomalies (anomalies dzinomuka munguva embryo kukura ari mudumbu) - yaitsigira divi kana bilateral chiso chako mumukaha, microgeny, kwakakwana kana ubatanidzwewo edentulous (asipo mazino), hypoplasia kwemhino uye sinuses, uye vamwe.
• Deformation midziyo mazino ezvinhu, izvo zvakatanga kukura shaya pasi pokudzora siyana vanoshorwa zvinhu: endogenous kana exogenous.
• Secondary deformation pezvakaitwa dentoalveolar midziyo, izvo inomuka somugumisiro kunetseka mupfungwa migumisiro pamusoro nhengo yacho chiso dehenya, uye nemhaka kusagona wokuvhiya, mwaranzi kurapa uye mishonga kuti kenza.

mazino anomalies. edentia

Zvikuru kakawanda pathologies meno ari yokumusoro rushaya anogona kutaurwa adentia iyo, zvichienderana chikonzero, ari kukwana (pasisina mazino) uye kwakakwana (kusavapo mazino).

Chinhu dzimwe nguva zvichiita kuti kuchengeta distal kwebasa chishandiso nokuumbwa imwe diastema kwenhema.

For chirwere zvokurwara inopiwa nokushandisa X-ray Kuongorora (orthopantomography) muya zvakarurama rinoratidza nzvimbo uye mhaka zvokurwara.

Deformation rushaya pamwe supernumerary meno - pangava nei pathological kwacho rinotangira utero kukura azvarwa. Vangatongera kunotoreva pamberi mamwe mazino, izvo regai kuzadzisa chero basa iri muitiro kutsenga?

Kuvapo supernumerary mazino kusvika alveolar akatevedzana yokumusoro rushaya kungakonzera deformation kwayo. Izvi zvinokonzera kunyanya kukura alveolar pfupa, izvo kwakakanganisa chinobata kwete chete yakarurama urongwa kwemeno, asi pamusoro vasiri kukura yokumusoro shaya.

Kudzivirira anomalies uye wakakanganiswa rushaya

Kukosha kubva vaduku kutevera kukura shaya mamiriro vanosangana kuongororwa dzose nokuda chiremba wemazino, uye kubata zvirwere zvose nomumukanwa mhango.

In pamberi mwana pachena nzvimbo anomalies kana kukura mazino hwobva kupfuura misoro kuongororwa, uye kwete nachiremba wemazino chete, asi ane endocrinologist, wetsinga. Dzimwe nguva anomalies kukura shaya chokuita havachanyatsogoni General ezvinhu.

Mabatirwo vachiberekwa anomalies kwave bazi dentistry akafanana orthodontics, inodzidza dzose kushanda nhengo mumuromo, uyewo diagnoses uye anoruramisa pathological zvarakasiya kubva kwose kwose. Treatment ari zvakanakisisa vachiri vaduku, nekuti kunonoka kushanya kune wemazino pamberi kuputika kwemeno kana zvachose shaya hakusi zvakakodzera.

zvokuudzwa utano - ndiyo shanguriro zvakakodzera kushanda zvomudumbu uye kufema ezvinhu, uyewo runovimbisa vomwana chepfungwa uye hapana chakaipa kukura. The mupfungwa chinhu chinoita diki basa panyaya iyi, sezvo chiso yomunhu - raiva ake kadhi kudanwa. Kumhanya deformation Kushatiswa chitarisiko kusiya chiratidzo pamusoro psycho-kunetsa, uye generating munhu muzvizhinji asatya uye phobias, kusvikira sociopathic mamiriro.

Kudya zvinovaka muviri, kudya zvokudya zvikukutu, pfungwa vachengetedze utsanana - kiyi utano kukura rokumusoro shaya, uye nhengo dzose nomumukanwa mhango.