Turgenev, "Utsi": pfupiso. "Pfungaidzai" Turgenev: vanonyanya kutaurwa pamusoro yokufungidzira, rangano

Students kunzwisisa zvinoreva chigadzirwa kazhinji anobatsira pfupiso ake. "Utsi" Turgenev - ichi ndechimwe mabasa kupfuura kwete mabasa munyori, asiwo yesangano mabhuku wokuRussia zvavo. The nganonyorwa Zvinofadza kwete chete artistically, asiwo socio-enyika nemaonero, sezvo akaratidza kupfuura chenjera matambudziko uye nyaya akatambudzika akaumba chikamu Russian nzanga iri kuchinja nguva yacho 1860s.

Pfungwa uye racho yokufungidzira

Mumwe wevanyori yakakurumbira Russian Ndini S. Turgenev. "Utsi" (nhoroondo yokufungidzira kunoita unzwisise yemunyori chinangwa) - bhuku rino, umo Ivan Sergeyevich vakaratidza maonero avo zvizere dzinoitwa nguva. Zvinozivikanwa kuti paumbwe mashoko nomunyori akatora mitanhatu chete mwedzi, asi rugwaro zvinyorwa vakapararira pamusoro makore maviri: 1865-1867. Zvichida ichi ndicho nokuti panguva ino munyori akanga asiri akanakisisa nguva, izvo dzichakurukurwa pazasi.

Nepfungwa huru iri yokufungidzira zvinoratidza pfupiso. "Utsi" Turgenev - a rondedzero pamusoro mukutsvaga ari gamba uye zvaaida muupenyu ruzhinji pakati remakore.

maonero vakararama

The nganonyorwa yakabudiswa muna 1867 uye akaita dzinopikisana makuhwa: vatsoropodzi vakawanda vanobvumirana pamusoro ndechokuti chigadzirwa hapana rakajeka simba nyaya yaiva muvhangeri yemunyori yapfuura mabasa. Zvisinei, paiva vaya akarumbidza chisikwa mutsva yakakurumbira munyori, paakataura kuti mariri akakwanisa kwete chete kuti kuratidza kunzwisisa zvepfungwa evanhu, asi kuratidza sezvazviri mamiriro ezvinhu umo chiito zvikamuka, izvo zvinoratidza kuti pfupiso. "Utsi" Turgenev - a itsva pamusoro chimwe chezvinhu zvakaoma nguva munhoroondo post-zvinhu Russia.

Panguva kunyora kwake munyori wakapinda gakava vamiririri populist kufamba, vachiramba navo pfungwa maonero chaiwo basa murimi mudiki munharaunda mune ramangwana kumutsidzirwa Russia. The munyori vaidavira kuti basa iri vanofanira kuva vakambovhenekerwa kwamachinda. The pamusoro apa dzakachinja kunyorwa basa, yakanga yanonoka.

kupinda

Nematsananguriro diki nezvezviitiko anoisa kutanga pfupiso. "Utsi" Turgenev rakasiyana yapfuura mabasa munyori kuti hachisi chimwe kunoitika munyika yedu uye kunze - iri German uyai, apo panguva iyoyo kuunganidza vamiririri kwamachinda uye intelligentsia. In dzezvitsauko muverengi ari kuziva boka, iyo anoshumira inopenya uye zvinonakidza mamiriro rudo mubereko uye zvakatipoteredza umo ripen uye kukudziridza magariro uye enyika gakava nezveramangwana Russia.

Munyori chaizvo achitsoropodza uye satirically inoratidza vanhu ava, tichifunga kuti zvinenge hapana anokwanisa kufunga zvakajeka uye kutonga kuchinja uye mamiriro ezvinhu mukati nyika. Against ichi pakanyorwa inomira kunze huru varume hunhu Litvinov - jaya asingatendi vamwe nekukakavadzana holidaymakers. Iye akapiwa dzidzo yakanaka, iri kuzoroora nemusikana wake uye kuvaka Estates kuchinja zvirongwa.

Description vanhu

Turgenev, Ivan Sergeyevich kunoteverwa vazhinji vezera rake nezvezvakanaka socio-enyika mamiriro ezvinhu munyika. Pakati pezana remakore rechi19 zviri gakava pamusoro intelligentsia zvaiva sei vanofanira kuenda Russia mushure zvokuchinja guru Alexander II, iyo zvikuru achinja kwete chete socio-zvoupfumi, zvematongerwo enyika, asi tsika mufananidzo munyika. Ndizvo nezvazvo pane hurukuro romunzvimbo Baden musangano nevamwe Gubarev. Litvinov anowana ruzha mune boka vanhu dzakasiyana chinzvimbo uye boka, inorondedzerwa nomunyori ari bhendesera chaizvo inzwi. Kutonga nezvinoonekwa tsananguro ake, Turgenev Ivan aidavira kuti hurukuro mhando ichi, kutambisa nguva. Litvinov kwakamutsa nharo dzenhema bombastic uye akawanda varipo. The chete munhu kuti chinokwezva gamba pfungwa dzake yepakutanga, - dare chipangamazano Potugin. naye chete Litvinov zvakawanda kana zvishoma kuwana mutauro nevakawanda. Pane maonero kuti muromo idzva gamba ari munyori akaratidza nzvimbo yake pachinhu chinonyanya zvenzara zvinetso nguva yake.

mufananidzo Potugin

Zvakakosha kutsanangura zvinoitwa unhu, sezvo basa rayo guru, kana kwete rangano, mune pfungwa pfungwa yokufungidzira. Mushure Kuziviswa kwete bedzi zvepfungwa wemagamba, asiwo magariro uye enyika kufunga nguva inopedzerwa "Pfungaidzai" Turgenev. Chii chigadzirwa? Zvinofadza nokuti organically zvakanyatsobatana mupfungwa zviitiko evanhu nokurondedzerwa Russian nzanga pakati remakore. Potugin - ndiwo hunhu kuti inoomerera dzematongerwe kuWestern tsika.

Achitenda kuti hatifaniri kutsoropodza tsika dzokuMadokero, uyewo kuisa vanyanye kuvimba anonzi kuda vanhu, nokuti, pane zvaanofunga, kwagara chinoshingaira ubatanidzwe nhoroondo wokuRussia. unhu ichi anotenda kuti hazvina zvakakodzera kunyadzisa kana tsika dzokuMadokero, kana vanowedzeredza kuzivikanwa vanhu Russian.

tai

The protagonist kuti "Utsi 'Turgenev pamavambo chigadzirwa chinopiwa somunhu ane dzakabudirira dzematongerwe uye upenyu hwakanaka. Zvisinei, kuti zivisa muverengi naye, munyori anoita karwendo akapfuura, ndichizivisa ake rudo vasingafari uye aora mwoyo. Irina musikana akamusiya kuti kwakajeka revatongi vanhu, vachitora pokugara mupfumi hama, kunobatsira vakaroorana uye akava socialite chaiyo. Litvinov akanetseka kwazvo, asi akawana simba vapone chakakomba kuvhunduka, uye pakupedzisira kudanana musikana akanaka Tatiana, apo akanga kuzoroora. Asi, sezvo zvinoitika pashure, mutana rudo haana kufa, uye kana mukana musangano Baden uye Irina Litvinova ratanga zvakare.

budiriro zviito

Ndizvo ishe mupfungwa pachisara Turgueneff vaiona kushanda. "Utsi" (the yokufungidzira iri yakatsaurirwa rudo mutsetse, inosidzikwa tikafunga rondedzero evanhu upenyu Russian intelligentsia) - basa umo nhoroondo ukama pakati vevatambi zvakanyatsobatana zvinoitwa munzanga yavanogara uye unoshanda. Irina, kunyange akava kwakajeka yokunyika mudzimai, uye kwete ajaira magungano svikiro umo raparadza.

Yakanga rusununguko-rudo, simba, vakashinga uye vaneshungu mhando, uye mune nevakwegura, unhu uye akachenjera akamira musoro uye pamapfudzi kupfuura ose vamiririri vayo mazwi. Tatarisana Litvinov, Irina pakarepo akatambanudza ruoko kwaari wepachokwadi uye vaunoda murume wake. The nganonyorwa "Utsi" rakasiyana swiftness zviitiko. Rinoreva pashure misangano inoverengeka zvekare manzwiro evanhu yakatanga zvakare, zvekuti kunyange Litvinov akasarudza kugumisa kuroorana pamwe Tatiana.

mukana

hunhu uyu muenzaniso uye unyanzvi zimukadzimu zvose zvakanakisisa kuti munyori akaona ari mukadzi. Tatiana akangwara, mwero, mutsa, asi chinhu chikuru - siyana zvinoshamisa zvomudzimu nehanya. Pamusangano nomukomana wake akanzwa kuchinja maari refu asati akamboda kureurura wake kusavimbika. Pashure pfupi kukurukura musikana anenge zvose afunga uye izvi akaisa Litvinov kuti standstill. In sezvinhu yaitsanangura undoubted tsika nani anoramba pamwe Tatiana. Akaramba akadzikama uye mutsigo, hariguti ake ekare nomukomana chero mifananidzo nechiremera akatora kuramba ake nduma chataiva. Roman Turgeneva "Utsi", iro Kuongororwa izvo zvinofanira zvine tsanangudzo pfupi pamusoro chimiro, chinotaura pamusoro runako mumudzimu musikana uyo, kutambura uye akatambudzwa pashure pokurambwa, zvisinei akawana simba kurarama.

rutarinhari

Zvikuru zvaoma munyaya - izvozvo ndiye tsananguro pakati Litvinov uye Irina. Zvose tora nezano kusarudza kumhanya pamwe chete kutanga upenyu hutsva kure vakabatikana nyika. Zvisinei, kunyange pakukurukurirana ichi ndakanzwa imwe tariro yavo nepfungwa: Irina aisagona pakarepo kusarudza danho iri, uye Litvinov haana kusvikira pakuguma kwokufungidzira sei kuita ndege uye sei kugara naye muchivande. Kunyange zvakadaro, chisarudzo chakaitwa, uye vari vanoda zvirire kwayo Implementation.

Asi pakupedzisira, kupfuura inokosha Irina akaramba kumhanya, kutumira Litvinov katsamba kuti akatsanangura kuti chiedza havagoni kusiya, pasinei ruvengo naye. Zvisinei, iye akataura iye asingadi kuparadzana nayo, uye akakumbira kuti varambe ukama hwavo muchimiro vakaita umo kusvikira zvino.

gumisiro

Zvikuru nokuti kunzwisisa yezvakaita heroines ndiyo tsanangudzo kuti akapa Potugin gamba pamusoro ukama hwake Irina. Akati iye pachake vasinganzwisisiki murudo mukadzi uyu, asi kuti rudo urwu amuvigira kutambura rimwe chete uye kuchema. Akarondedzera manzwiro ake pamusoro kwasviba chido uye Litvinov zano kuteerera panguva Tatiana, ane mwoyo chendarama uye akatsiga. Zvisinei, The protagonist, kumbomomoterwa uye vakaparadza mushure rotonhorera nomwenga uye kukundikana Irene. Akanzwa kukodzera wokutanga, uye kuenda ukama pakavanda ane yechipiri chete havagoni. The kurwadziwa mwoyo, akaenda kuna Russia, asingazivi kuti vachararama, uye asisiri vachitarisira zvimwe kuvakazve hwavo nokupwanya upenyu.

mhedziso

The nganonyorwa "Utsi", chokupedzisira icho chinokonzera gamba kuna Tatiana, akakanganwira asina kutendeka nomukomana wake, pashure kupa mamwe tsanangudzo kuti musoro bhuku. Mukutsanangura kudzoka gamba kuRussia rinoroverera yokuti rudo rwake, isingaperi kukakavadzana, kurwisana siyana, pfungwa maturo, zvisingaperi zvose nharo avo pamusoro njodzi Russia - chete hwerazuva kuti akaparadza soutsi pamusoro nguva. Uye sezvo chinooneka simbiso pfungwa iyi, munyori wakapinda zviziviswe apo gamba anoona yavaeni munhu zvakadaro anotyisa gakava pamusoro kutapwa kwenyika. Zvino ichandodira nemaziso ake ari chiedza zvisingafadzi., kuvabvunzeiko mabhiza uye nekutsanya. In yake kuchamuka iye zvimwe anotanga kumhanya upfumi. Zvino Litvinov haina yakavakwa penya mabasa kuchinja uye kuita maererano nezvinodiwa chaizvo. Iye kunyange kubudirira zvishoma uye akaripira zvikwereti zvababa vake. Kwapera nguva, gamba anodzidza kuti Tatiana mupenyu pedyo uye rave chikoro vanhuwo zvavo. Litvinov akanyora naye tsamba mukupindura, akamukumbira kuti kumba, uko vakatora kuyanana yavo.

vaverengi

A mwene enhetembo mufananidzo woupenyu Russian wechokwadi Turgenev. "Utsi", iro akaongororazve yose yakanaka kwazvo, anofarira akaramba mukurumbira pakati kuverenga paruzhinji. Members akati sezvo huru zvazvakanakira dzinonakidza zano, mavara vatambi, zvechokwadi mufananidzo wenyika wemagamba yomukati. Vamwe vavo ambopupura kuti akabudirira kunyanya hadzi vatambi, vari vakanyoreswa imwe unyanzvi. Vanhu vanoti vari akapoteredza Irina uye Tatiana chikuru hunhu ndiyo zvishoma rakachenuruka uye kufara. A zvinoverengeka vaverengi vanofunga kuti munyori akaenda zvakare kutsoropodza kuti tsananguro rokunyika munzanga, uye akawedzeredzwa asina kunaka pamusoro zvinhu ake, kuti vaise kubvisa nounhu Irene. Language uye kuvakwa chokurondedzera, hapana zvinomutsa mubvunzo, zvose nenzwi rimwe kuti mabhuku werudzii munyori uye pfungwa iri yepakutanga. Anenge zvose vanoti, kunyange basa hauna kuchikoro, zvisinei, zvinofanira akakurudzira vadzidzi rokumanikidzirwa kuverenga somumwe yakanakisisa enganonyorwa ari munyori. Bhuku rino angaita anonakidza kwete chete nokuda vanoda mabhuku, asiwo dzekare, nokuti zvakajeka airatidza nguva post-zvinhu Russia.