Turbo injini: tsananguro, unhu, kushanda mutemo uye mapikicha

Mutyairi ose anoziva kuti dzomunyika injini pamusoro mudziyo uye nheyo kushanda rakakamurwa ratinoona uye turbocharged. Asi haasi munhu wose anonzwisisa kusiyana simba dzakabatana. Ngatimboonai kusiyana Turbo injini, sei akunoita uye kuti inoshanda sei. Aingoziva Motors izvi kuna Muenzaniso ano dzakabatana VAG boka.

peturu Turbo

Peturu Turbo - ndiyo imwe womukati injini ane artificially yakawedzera nokuda turbine mwero compression napamakamuri. Zvakawanikwa chinoratidza anopa kuwedzera kugona uye dzimwe michina maitiro. Kubvira inception rokutanga womukati injini mainjiniya vakaedza kuwedzera simba pasina nouchapupu yachinja misha Vhoriyamu injini.

Pakutanga, chisarudzo chakanga kunova pamusoro pemvura - zvakanga zvakakodzera kubatsira injini zvakanyanya kuti "fema". Izvi zvinopa zvakanakisisa combustion zvechadenga mafuta nezvakasanganiswa. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa okuwedzera mhepo zvitengeswa. Nokudaro, zvakakodzera kupa kupinda sepombi anomanikidzwa, zvaoma. Tiine dzimwe mhepo Vhoriyamu mafuta anonyatsovimba combusted, uye kuti zvichabatsira kuwedzera tichikwanisa. Asi ruzivo izvi nezvevanakomana zvishoma nezvishoma. Pakutanga iri Turbo-compressor midziyo yave kushandiswa bedzi guru michina ngarava uye ndege.

History peturu turbocharged zvemukati injini

Yokutanga Turbo Injini paakagadzwa rokupedzisira remakore. First motokari turbocharged womukati injini vakatanga kubereka muna 1938. Mumakore kuma60 muUnited States akatanga kubudisa wokutanga uye turbine injini kuti mutakurwi motokari. motokari iyi Oldmobile Jetfire uye Chevrolet Corvair Monza. Nokuti zvose waivako injini yayo vanoonekwa ne mukuru akavimbika uye mukurumari.

Tanga mukurumbira

Popular turbocharged womukati injini kwakatanga 70s. Ipapo vakatanga kusimbisa massively mitambo motokari. Asi hurumende injini Turbo motokari haina kuva nevakawanda nekuda mukuru mafuta rinodyiwa. ainge Izvi zvakasiyana zvose turbocharged peturu michina yaitonga. Asi mafuta kunwa kwaikosha chaizvo panguva iyoyo. nguva ino aiva dambudziko mafuta ari 70s.

Mudziyo peturu Turbo-injini

The algorithm unoshanda peturu turbocharged powertrain ndiko kushandiswa rinokosha compressor. The dambudziko rokupedzisira - jekiseni kupinda mamwe mhepo Vhoriyamu combustion yomukati. Nokuvandudza zvinodiwa sepombi nemuvhenganiswa mhepo uye huni vachiwedzera Zvichakadaro inoshanda kumanikidzwa uye simba paminiti kutenderera inowedzerwa. The nemotokari Tsika chiutsi gasi turbochargers kushandiswa, nesimba iro anoita anobatsira basa.

Modern compressor ane muviri ine chokuita, rimwe vhiri, mumwe yokunzvenga vharafu, mumwe turbine redzimba. kuwanikwa tsvedzesa hova yokupedzisira. Uyewo varipo vari nemamiriro rotor mugodhi, ivo mabheyaringi, iyo compressor, ivo pneumatic actuator yacho yokunzvenga vharuvhu. In Kana apo mabheyaringi vari hwavapo, ari akatasva rotor. Zviri mugodhi chete turbine uye compressor mavhiri akatasva payo. Pakupedzisira pane mashizha. rotor Izvi zvinogona tenderera kuburikidza zvishoma nezvishoma mumatope mabheyaringi. Nokuti lubrication dzavo uye kutonhora mafuta kusvitsa kubva lubrication ezvinhu injini. To mberi dzaserera akatakura pokugara, uye vaishandisawo coolant makwara. Izvi compressor chaikosha chinoitwa mu chimiro nedhambakura.

musimboti oparesheni

Turbine kamwene zvakabatana kuti chiutsi zvawanda. A compressor - the Inlet. Sezvatotaurwa, kuti turbocharger kunodzorwa simba pamusoro chiutsi gasi. Vari neVadzidzi turbine rotor iri zvayaitenderera paguyo, nokudaro achipa simba. Uyezve, achishandisa chiutsi mutopota magasi kupinda chiutsi hurongwa.

uye compressor vhiri "nedhambakura" akatasva chete mugodhi. Nokuda vachishandisa kutenderera turbine compressor vhiri sucks mhepo kubva mumhepo Sefa uye pumps nayo muimba combustion yomukati. Zvichienderana ufanane wedzera mudziyo hungavandudzika muedzo simba kubva 30% 80%. With injini ichi pamwe chete Vhoriyamu musanganiswa anogona kutora zvizhinji. Zviri kuburikidza nesimba ichi hadzisisina vakawedzera kubva 20% kusvika 50%. Pedza magasi ravo simba dzinongoita kwakawedzera motokari kunyatsoshanda.

Turbo zvidzidzo

Inenge ndiro yakarongwa uye injini Turbo (Diesel). Nheyo nokushanda turbocharger haana kumbosiyana kubva peturu. The musiyano chete - kuvapo imwe intercooler. Ichi mashandiro chaiyo inotonhodza mhepo isati anopinda sepombi. Bhuku chando mhepo zvishoma pane kudziya. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mhepo inotonhora anogona "vayambukire" iri humburumbira muzvinhu svinga.

Remus injini

zvidzidzo izvi zviri kuiswa pamusoro muenzaniso kuitwa "Volkswagen" motokari "Audi" uye "car". Vose nhengo chete hanya. Manufacturers vanoti ichi chizvarwa chitsva michini, izvo rinobatanidza simba uye kunyatsoshanda. Kana hazvina zvakakodzera kumirira pamwe munhuwo dzenhoroondo womukati injini yakaderera vhoriyamu, simba naye chaiko. Kana motokari kurema akaenzana imwe tani, uye yakaderera simba injini, izvi zvingareva dzakakwirira mafuta kudyiwa nokuda yakaderera rinomutsa uye kushanda panguva pamatunhu aimhanya.

Engine zhinji Vhoriyamu mukuru aibuda mwero nokuda rakawedzera combustion yomukati. Turbo-injini ( "car Octavia", "Volkswagen" uye "Audi") - chishamiso engineering. In izvi simba zviumbu zvabatanidzwa mwero zvinodyiwa uye simba zvakakwana pane ruzha zviduku.

Remus: mudziyo

By bhuku, zviyero izvi zvingave zvakasiyana. Saka, DVS kubereka 1,2; 1,4; 1.6 litres. Uye injini Turbo 1.8, 2.0 l. injini simba inowedzera yakafanira kuti vhoriyamu yakakura. Uye chisarudzo chakarurama. Zvino kutaura pamusoro kusiyana.

Turbocharged uye supercharged

Remus - ndiye zvose turbocharged uye supercharged chikwata. VAG boka nenyanzvi vakashandisa zvakagadzirwa ichi kugadzirisa dambudziko mureza motokari. It dips iri diki injini revs. Kana isu funga chaiwo Turbo, ari "nedhambakura" mabasa nokuda kupedza magasi. Pressure simba pabasa iri duku nokukurumidza haibvumiri kuti supercharger pakusika aida simba uye zvokudya mumba combustion mukamuri imwe yakakwana yakawanda mhepo.

1.8 Turbo Injini ( "VW") iiswe compressor. Haapi simba kuwa. Kunonyanyisa torque munzvimbo munhuwo mumhepo injini riri pamusoro 5000 rev. / Min. Kana Motors Remus torque kunonyanyisa iri zvinobva 1500 rev. / Min kusvika 4500 rev. / Min. kushanda ichi chikuva, iro rinoshandiswa vatyairi vakawanda. The Remus Motors kuburikidza nokushandisa turbines maviri pressurized kuti 2.5 nomuzariro.

compressor

Ungano iyi inoshanda ne yoga nemotokari bhandi mhando. Ane yakakwirira giya reshiyo. The compressor iri kushandisa chete apo mutyairi pazvisviniro gasi. At aimhanya pedyo idling, kumanikidzwa 0,8 BAR - izvi zvikuru zvizhinji. Nokuda kwaizvozvo, zvinoita kwazvo simba unongotaura. Sezvo injini Paanoramba "Audi" 1,8 Turbo Remus. Chizvarwa kare, Motors izvi hazvina nepokuongorora compressor. Pane chete turbine.

The turbocharged Injini 1,8 kubva "VW"

chikwata ichi ari pamusika kwemakore anenge 20. muenzaniso uyu womukati injini kwakakurumbira chaizvo uye yakatanga iri kudiwa injini pamwe turbocharging. Injini ichi vakapakata zhinji yokutevedzera motokari kubva VAG boka. The debut peungano iyi kwakaitika muna 1995.

Kokutanga injini ( "Volkswagen Passat" B5) 1,8 Turbo paakagadzwa pachigaro Audi "A4" (hongu, vanoshandisa zvakafanana Motors). Kana features, pane zvakawanda yokutevedzera pamwe inokwana 150 uye 210 horsepower. Muna 2002 isu akasika injini anokwanisa 190 "mabhiza". The turbocharged injini yacho "Volkswagen" kwaiva kutanga uzivi zvachose itsva panyaya peturu injini. Akapa chokupika yakanaka ine hwakanyatsorwisa shoma nokuda turbine. Kunakisa muchina uyu mwero havi. "A4" muenzaniso "Audi" unopisa 8 litres por 100 makiromita mumugwagwa. In mumadhorobha mezviruva, mafuta vapera haasi kupfuura 10 litres. Nokuita vharafu 20 ari humburumbira musoro uye turbocharger, mainjiniya "VW" aigona kugamuchira yepamusoro dziine torque pamberi tichimhanya kubudirira mune pamwero 2 zviuru.

Saka, injini ichi unobatanidzwa rakaisvonaka elasticity, inova yaingowanikwa Turbo pazviruva, asi tsika basa - peturu. chikwata ichi kunogona nyore kutendeukira gasi. Simba chirimwa chimwe chakanakisisa munyika yose-siyana. Performance, mwero mafuta zvinodyiwa uye yakakwirira rakavimbika anozvikudza injini. "Passat" (1,8 Turbo) haana STRUCTURAL chikwata anoshayiwa. Kunyange iye zvino, munguva yazvino Nguva Remus, ichi injini anenge zvakaenzana kwete.

Turbo: zvakanakira nekuipira

Huru ndinoiitawo ine Turbo - zvakawedzera simba. Ndicho chinangwa chikuru, rakanga kubudirira pasina kuchinja marongerwo. Kana kuenzana Mavhoriyamu pamwe ratinoona Motors Turbo injini anogona kuburitsa kuti 70% yakawanda torque uye simba. Compressor akazoita chikamu zvinokuvadza ari chiutsi magasi. The Injini vakagadzirira pamwe turbine ane zvikuru yakaderera ruzha pamwero. simba izvi miti inogona kuiswa pa chero motokari. The chikuru drawback - kumusoro mafuta rinodyiwa. Huwandu mhepo inowedzera, uye anowedzera uwandu huni kuparadzwa. Izvi dambudziko mainjiniya havagoni kugadzirisa. Uyewo zvazvakaipira zvinosanganisira vachinetseka ichishanda. Izvi womukati combustion injini vari chaizvo inonyatsoziva unhu mafuta uye mafuta. Kuwedzera zvazvakaipira zvinosanganisira pasi upenyu mafuta uye kuchenesa filters. Injini Anomhanyira kumhanya. Nokuda mafuta ichi nokukurumidza anorasikirwa ehupfumi ayo.