Tsitsi hunde: marongerwo uye mashandiro

Tsitsi tsinga hunde mumwe zvinoumba aimunzwira tsitsi tsinga peripheral mugove.

mamiriro

Zvinoenderana nemamiriro tsitsi hunde (Truncus sympathicus), uye ndiko peya nodes zvine chokuita mumwe nokuda tsitsi fibers. Education Data dziri pamusoro kana divi musana mbiru zvayo yose kureba.

Chero tsitsi hunde raiva pedyo nebundu - boka iri autonomic Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu kuita nokuchinja preganglionic fibers (chikuru chacho) kuti kubuda musana, achiumba chena unobatanidza bazi.

The pamusoro akarondedzera fibers vari kushanyirwa chete runoenzanirana chikwata masero vari kana riine Inter-raiva pedyo nebundu mapazi ari below- kana vysheraspolagayuschiysya tsitsi hunde raiva pedyo nebundu.

Akaronga unobatanidza matavi chena yepamusoro lumbar uye thoracal. The sacral, yakaderera lumbar uye remuromo nodes kwakadai hapana mapazi.

Kunze matavi chena, isolated sezvo unobatanidza Bazi kuchena, iyo ine akawanda tsitsi postganglionic nokusanzwira musana tsinga chokuita Upfu edunhu. matavi akadaro kuenda neimwe musana tsinga, achibva neimwe tsitsi hunde nodes. Senzira tsinga vanoenda innervated nhengo (omumuviri, kumeso uye striated tsandanyama).

Senzira tsitsi hunde (anatomi) yakaturikwa ndedzinotevera madhipatimendi:

1. Sacral.
2. Lumbar.
3. Chest.
4. Neck.

mabasa

Maererano mapoka tsitsi hunde dzaro constituent tsinga ganglia, uye pane zvakawanda zviri anatomical dzidzo:

1. Innervation musoro uye mutsipa, uyewo kudzora rutapudzo midziyo yavo dzichifura.
2. Innervation of thoracal mhango (tsitsi hunde mapazi nodes zvaisanganisira ari Kuronga tsinga iri pleura, diaphragm, pericardium uye chiropa shwashwa).
3. Innervation kuti vascular masvingo (zvinosanganisira tsinga plexuses) vanhuwo carotid, thyroid uye subclavian arteries uye yeropa.
4. Anobatana tsinga ganglion tsinga plexus.
5. Mubasa paumbwe celiac, kutsemuka, renal uye mukuru mesenteric plexus.
6. Innervation of pelvic zvomukati nokuda panowanikwa mapazi muHondo ganglia of tsitsi hunde panzvimbo dzapasi hypogastric plexus.

The remuromo tsitsi hunde nokupesana

Senzira remuromo nomuzongoza, pane zviyero zvitatu: rezasi, pakati uye yokumusoro. More neimwe funga zvimwe.

kumusoro raiva pedyo nebundu

Education fusiform encombrements 20 * 5 mm. Zvinonzi rakamiswa pa 2-3 remuromo vertebrae (zvavo muchinjikwa otrostah) pasi prespinal fascia.

It paunobuda kubva raiva pedyo nebundu nomwe mapazi kuti vari postganglionic fibers kuti innervate ari nhengo ari musoro uye mutsipa:

• Unobatanidza pfumbu mapazi kuti 1, 2, 3 remuromo musana tsinga.
• N. jugularis (jugular tsinga) rakakamurwa matavi akawanda, vaviri izvo vasiyana glossopharyngeal uye vagus tsinga, uye mumwe - kune hypoglossal etsinga.
• N. caroticus internus (tsinga rwomumwoyo hope) anopinda rokunze goko yacho womukati carotid tsinga zvakafanana zita uye ipapo nokuumba plexus, umo munzvimbo kupinda tsinga mumwechete zita iri zvenyama mapfupa Canal abve tsitsi fibers kuti vanoumba yakadzika dzine mabwe etsinga yacho pterygoid Canal anomuitira mu achikanganisa mapfupa. Mushure exiting iri internet chiteshi vadarika pterygopalatine fossa uye kubatana postganglionic parasympathetic tsinga kubva pterygopalatine raiva pedyo nebundu, uyewo maxillary etsinga, uye ipapo akatumira vakuru munzvimbo kumeso. In hope gwara kubva somnolence rwomumwoyo plexus mapazi vakatsaurwa, kuti pinda plexus uye dzinoumba tympanum. Inside the dehenya hope (yomukati) unopinda cavernous plexus, uye fibers aro anoparadzirwa pamusoro uropi midziyo, achiumba ophthalmic plexus pakati chepfungwa uye Anterior chepfungwa arteries. Uyezve, cavernous plexus anotumira bazi kuti chokuita parasympathetic fibers parasympathetic ciliary raiva pedyo nebundu uye innervate tsandanyama dilating mboni.
• N. caroticus externus (the kwokunze hope etsinga). Iye anoumba rokunze plexus pedyo homonymous tsinga uye awo, izvo kupa ropa kuti nhengo kwemitsipa, chiso, uye reDhura.
• Pharyngeal-laryngeal bazi midziyo pamwe pharyngeal rusvingo uye chimiro pharyngeal plexus.
• Cardiac tsinga inopfuura pedyo rokumusoro chikamu remuromo tsitsi hunde. Chipfuva mhango pamusoro zvinowanisa cardiac plexus, riri pasi kutsemuka arch.
• Mapazi kuti vari nhengo phrenic etsinga. kuvhara dzavo yakarongwa Kamudzira nemarunda chiropa, pericardial, diaphragmatic parietal peritoneum, pleura uye diaphragm.

avhareji chikwata

Education Sizes 2 * 2 neMM, riri pamusoro pamwero 4 remuromo vertebrae, panzvimbo piringisha vanhuwo carotid uye isinganaki thyroid tsinga. raiva pedyo nebundu Izvi zvinoita kuti tibvunze kuti nezvemarudzi mana awo:

1. Unobva pfumbu mapazi kuti kuenda 5, 6 musana tsinga.
2. Average mwoyo tsinga, riri kuna rwemberi nevakariri carotid tsinga. Mune mhango pechipfuva etsinga rinobatanidzwa paumbwe cardiac plexus (zvakadzama), iro riri pakati trachea uye kutsemuka chematenga.
3. Matavi kuti zvinobatanidzwa sangano etsinga plexus subclavian, zvakajairika carotid uchingodzikira thyroid arteries.
4. Bazi Mezhduuzlovaya kuti zvakabatana rokumusoro remuromo tsitsi hondo.

dzikisa chikwata

Education riri shure vertebral tsinga uye subclavian kumusoro. Mune zvisingawanzoitiki Muzviitiko, pamwe rokutanga raiva pedyo nebundu uye thoracal tsitsi akashevedza stellate (cervico-thoracal) raiva pedyo nebundu. gungano Lower tibvunze namatavi matanhatu:

1. Gray unobatanidza bazi kuripa 7, 8 remuromo musana tsinga.
2. Bazi kuti anoenda plexus vertebralis amutambanudzira ari dehenya uye kusikwa plexus posterior chepfungwa tsinga uye basilar plexus.
3. Tsinga repasi mwoyo, kuruboshwe riri shure yeropa uye kodzero - nokuti brachiocephalic tsinga uye zvinobatanidzwa paumbwe mwoyo plexus rakadzika.
4. Nhungirwa kwechikamu ichocho phrenic etsinga, asi regai kuumba plexuses uye misa ari diaphragm, pleura uye pericardium.
5. Matavi, izvo zvinoumba zvakafanana carotid tsinga plexus.
6. Branch kune subclavian tsinga.

thorax

The nemamiriro thoracal tsitsi hunde chinosanganisira ganglia thoracica (mammary nodes) - Education tsinga ine mativi chimiro, izvo nhema pamusoro costal mitsipa ari kumativi thoracal vertebrae, munhu hilar fascia uye parietal pleura.

Kubva thoracal ganglia ibvai mapoka 6 makuru awo:

1. White unobatanidza bazi, izvo mapazi kubva intercostal tsinga (zvavo Anterior midzi) uye zvinopfuura nodes.
2. Gray matavi unobatanidza zvinobva ganglia uye inotumirwa intercostal tsinga.
3. Mapazi mediastinum. Zvinobva kuna 5 tsitsi yepamusoro Ganga uye kuedzwa muna posterior mediastinum mugove, pamwe nemamwe fibers achiumba Árbol uye esophageal plexus.
4. Cardiac thoracal tsinga. Zvinobva kuna 4-5 yokumusoro tsitsi ganglia, kuita paumbwe kutsemuka uye yakadzika mwoyo plexus.
5. Splanchnic tsinga huru. Vakaungana mapazi 5-9 thoracal tsitsi nokusunungura mapfundo uye akafukidza intrathoracic fascia. Kuburikidza mawindo pakati zvenguva uye medial tsinga dzose makumbo diaphragm kunosvika munzvimbo abdominal mhango uye inoguma mu ganglia celiac plexus. The Zvinoumba ichi zvinosanganisira vazhinji tsinga preganglionic fibers (izvo anobatidzwa kupinda celiac ganglia plexus pamusoro postganglionic fibers) uye postganglionic kuti kare kushandisa anoyera thoracal ganglia pamusoro tsitsi hunde.
6. Tsinga vnutrinostny duku. It achiumbwa nebazi nodes 10-12. Kuburikidza diaphragm rikawira zvishoma lateral n. splanchnicus chikuru uye chikamu celiac plexus. Chikamu preganglionic fibers tsinga iri tsitsi ganglia anobatidzwa postganglionarnae, uye vamwe vanofanira kuva nhengo.

lumbar

Lumbar tsitsi hunde ganglia - kwete kuti mumwe, sezvo kuenderera cheni yacho thoracal ganglia. Lumbar unotora 4 nodes kuti dziri kumativi maviri ari musana pa yomukati kumucheto hombe lumbar tsandanyama. Kurudyi nodes mufanidziro outwards kubva vena cava akaderera, uye kuruboshwe - outwards kubva yeropa.

Mapazi lumbar tsitsi hunde vari:

1. White unobatanidza matavi kuripa kubva 1 ne2 lumbar musana tsinga uye dzakakodzera 1 uye 2 ganglia.
2. Gray unobatanidza bazi. Nokubatanidza lumbar ganglia vose musana lumbar tsinga.
3. Lumbar splanchnic matavi kuti riwedzere kubva ganglia zvose uye kupinda yokumusoro hypogastric, celiac, abdominal kutsemuka, renal uye mukuru mesenteric plexus.

sacral chidimbu

The mugove lowermost (azvaitwa tsitsi hunde kwakaita nzvimbo yacho) ndiko sacral chidimbu kuti unotora imwe unpaired coccygeal gungano uye mana yegwara sacral ganglia. Nodes iri zvishoma medial kune Anterior sacral makomba.

Pane mapazi akawanda ari sacral chikamu tsitsi hunde:

1. Gray unobatanidza bazi uye muganhu sacral musana tsinga.
2. Splanchnic tsinga kuti vari nhengo autonomic plexuses ari chiuno. Visceral tsinga fibers kubva Data achiumba rezasi hypogastric plexus, riri pamusoro mapazi womukati iliac tsinga kuburikidza izvo zvinopfuura tsitsi tsinga iri pelvic zvomukati.