Zvakarurama zvokuimba yokurinda. How kuchinja rakarurama zvokuimba yokurinda?

Swiss kana zvichida Japanese, zvemaziso kana Goldstone - chii nguva chinonyanya yakarurama? Ichokwadi kuti zvakarurama kuti Swiss zvokuimba yokurinda ndiyo bhuku? Anowanzogara aida rakarurama kupfuura wachi dzemhando yepamusoro munyika? How kuchinja rakarurama wachi? Munyaya ino uchawana mhinduro yemibvunzo yose iyi.

Mechanical wachi - zvakarurama, nguva-akaedzwa

Kwemazana emakore akawanda, vanhu vanogara kukwira dzakasiyana uye nzira kuyera uye kuziva nguva. Somuenzaniso, musi yakajeka kuine zuva uye nguva pakutsvaga kufamba kwezuva mumvuri, asi mune ramakore ekunze uye usiku, nzira iyi kwakanga kusingabatsiri zvachose. Uyewo, kuti tizive nguva aishandisa mvura uye kenduru wachi.

The kutaurwa wachi aiva mvura rukungiso rokutanga, yakatanga kusvika III remakore BC. e. Pakupera kwezana remakore rechigumi mu China vakanga yagadzirwa wachi pamwe nemekiyuri rukungiso. Saka, kutanga zvibatiso yokurinda yagadzirwa kunyatsoreva muna China, mugore 725. Gare gare, Arab mainjiniya kwakavandudza mvura wachi uye vokutanga kushandisa zvokuimba hutachiwana zvinhu kutanga kugadzira. Mechanical nenguva yeko pamadziro Pin rukungiso vakasikwa pakati XIV remakore. Zvino pakutanga XVI remakore nayo akasikwa patsime zvenhengo uye mienzaniso wokutanga muhomwe yokurinda. Zvakange Papera akazogadzira kupfuura chaiwo wachi pamwe zvakavamba kuchinja mashandiro.

Okutanga nenguva yeko zvemaziso vasina raundi, yakaita bhero uye beep pashure imwe nguva. Mukuru wachi pasina raundi, iyo kusvikira zvino havana vakarasikirwa kunyatsoshanda dzavo, vari kurinda 1386 womuenzaniso gore, riri muBritish Salisbury wemamongi. Eya, kupfuura kare yomuhomwe - inotakurika timepiece, chakaitwa Peter Genlaynom muna 1504 mu Germany. Muna 1790 muSwitzerland, 'Jacquet Droz uye Lashio "akapa muunganidzwa kwenguva yokutanga.

Kururama - the noruremekedzo madzimambo

The yakarurama kwazvo nenguva yeko vari mabhomba. Pane necesium, rubidium uye rehydrogen mabhomba nenguva yeko, apo ari yakarurama kupfuura wachi akashandisa necesium atomu uye remagetsi munda tisanzwe michina.

A apfuura mashoma muUnited States makaita zvakarurama kupfuura wachi munyika - Quantum Musoro Clock. chinetso chavo chete ndicho mabhokisi kura umo mudziyo uri mashandiro, saka pasinei muganhu, bhuku yakarurama, hwezuva nezuva upenyu yokurinda kwakadaro zvachose dzisingashandi, uye kuyera nguva chaiyo iri vari zvatinosiita zvemaziso uye Goldstone pakurinda.

Muna nhasi, unogona kutenga zvemaziso dzokurinda dzakasiyana mazano, functionality uye mutengo Categories, asi mukuru parameter pakusarudza wachi ndiye umhare racho.

Goldstone uye zvemaziso timepieces

Musiyano mukuru pakati pavo iri kuti rinoshandiswa sechinhu simba mabviro nokushanda wachi mashandiro. mashandiro basa zvemaziso mienzaniso inopa coils chitubu iyo unongoda iri dhiramu ane toothed mucheto. At startup tsime iri vakamonyanisa yayo kunonyanyisa pamwero uye panguva unwinding inobudisa dhiramu vachiita majana, zvakananga inotanga clockwork kare yose. The chikuru zvakaipira yechirimo mashandiro - the unevenness of kumhanya unwinding kwayo, izvo hunobata kururama zvokuimba yokurinda. Standard mwero zvokutsauka kubva nguva chaiyo yokuti zvokuimba yokurinda anoonekwa kuti -20 / + 60 masekonzi pazuva, zvakanaka kana kukanganisa asingadi kupfuudza mumasekonzi 4-5 pazuva.

The kushanda musimboti Goldstone dzokurinda

Basa clockwork mu Goldstone dzokurinda rinoitwa uchishandisa Goldstone bhatiri iyo masimba electronic kudzora chikwata uye paunenge mashandiro maawa. Electronic chikwata anotumira mumwe wechipiri kupomba injini iyo inobudisa wachi maoko. Saka, Frequency kugadzikana uye rakarurama Goldstone sekristaro inopa, kuburikidza icho wachi uye atora zita rayo. Kururama ndiko 20-25 masekonzi pamwedzi, mwero kwokukanganisa rakarurama kupfuura wachi idukusa 5 masekonzi pamwedzi. Goldstone dzokurinda regai zvinoda kugara ichitenderera, pamwe mabasa ari mabhatiri kungava makore akawanda.
Tinogona kutaura nechivimbo kuti kunyange zvinodhura zvemaziso dzokurinda zvakawanda muduku rakarurama nokuyerwa nguva ipi muenzaniso Goldstone analogues.

Zvinonzi vaidavira kuti makanika zvikuru hwakavimbika uye hunogara kupfuura Goldstone yokurinda, asi zviri zvachose handizvo. Resource kutamira zvinhu uye mashoko ari Goldstone dzokurinda muzvinhu zvakawanda ane zvakafanana zviruva pamwe zvemaziso yokutevedzera, saka yepamusoro zvigadzirwa vane refu basa izwi. Kusiyana Goldstone wachi, zvemaziso mhando anodhura, kunyange Russian zvemaziso wachi, tisingatauri vavatorwa zvigadzirwa, riri chokuita kwacho uye muitiro unoparadza nguva-kuti gadzira yavo. Chakaita zvokuimba wachi mashandiro rinoitwa chete noruoko, uye vakawanda mashoko nokuda Goldstone zvigadzirwa unoitwa pamusoro zvoga pemitsara.

Saka riri nani - samakanika kana Goldstone?

Zvinosuruvarisa mhinduro yakajeka yomubvunzo uyu kwete. Mechanical dzokurinda Swiss vari ainakidza wachi. Nokuti vazhinji, maawa vari Kunyatsoziva, vakaedza uye kunyange zvinangwa zvakawanda nomukurumbira. Goldstone dzokurinda zvakawanda kufamba yakarurama uye musava zvinoda kugara ichitenderera, uyezve, mienzaniso iyi zvakawanda lightweight uye nyore kushandisa. Saka, kusarudza maawa - zviri nomumwe uye zvinoenderana achinyanya zvatinoda.

Japanese dzokurinda

Japanese yokurinda kufamba havasi chakarurama, uye dzimwe parameters rakanaka Swiss kwenguva zhinji. Pari, yepamusoro zvigadzirwa kuJapan tarisa indasitiri nechivimbo abate kutungamirira zvepamusoro pamisika nyika nokuda anobudirira wemishonga dzenhoroondo ruzivo pamwe itsva mazano, vachibvumira kuti nguva kunatsiridza zvokuimba wachi, achizadza navo itsva zvinhu uye zvinogonekwa. Zvino, Swiss yokurinda kugadzira makambani akawanda vari kuedza kukwereta eJapan yemagetsi michina iri kugadzirwa pachavo zvigadzirwa zvavo.

Japanese Technology wachi

Somuenzaniso, Japanese murinde ane chaiwo design Citizen Chronomaster ndiye wristwatch yakarurama zvikuru munyika, kukanganisa kwavo wepagore hakuiti kupfuudza ± 5 masekonzi pagore. Mari muenzaniso uyu 70 000 rubles.
Kusarudza vanhurume yemashoko chiningoningo dzokurinda zviri zvikuru. The mhando zvisingapindirani chokutanga panze design, vanogona ngachibikwe siyana nezvinhu, asi zvinhu zvose vari vakapakata rakasiyana mashandiro kuti kunovimbisa chamazuva uye rakarurama zvokuimba yokurinda. The inozivikanwa zvikuru pezvitsiga Japanese - Seiko, Citizen, casio, dzokumabvazuva, Pulsar.

Muenzaniso unoshamisa Japanese umhizha chinhu Chronograph Citizen Promaster Sky, iro rine yakasiyana uye yepakutanga magadzirirwo uye nzira dzinonakidza kuwana ruzivo pamusoro chaiyo nguva. The chikuru mukana maawa radiosinhronizatsiey ndechokuti zvinhu zvakadaro zvachose hapana zvikanganiso zviri nokuyerwa nguva, nekuti nguva iri kuramba achiongorora pamusoro redhiyo chiratidzo, iyo inobva mabhomba wachi. Zvinosuruvarisa kuti chiratidzo hauna kubatwa munyika.

Electronic yemashoko Japanese dzokurinda

Zvikurukuru chaikoshawo ndivo electronic muenzaniso Japanese wachi, vane hombe zvakasiyana-siyana zvimwe mabasa. mhando dzose wakaumbwa nesimbi kubva zvokufonongonwa simbi housings. Akatunhidzwa zvigadzirwa nhaka uye vane yakakwirira azvipire mvura nemishonga uye nani kuramba zvokuimba kukuvara.
A mutungamiri ari Japanese wachi ichiri kambani Seiko, uyo achangobva tega wachi pamwe itsva caliber 9F. Pamusana kwaari, kukanganisa kwavo wepagore hakuiti kupfuudza +/- 10 seconds.

The American wachi

History pakukura uye kuvapo American wachi odzokera emakore anoverengeka, pamwe Vagadziri rokusika pachavo mienzaniso yavo vanoedza kuenzaniswa dzekare manyorerwo, uye kururama zvokuimba yokurinda, anogadzirwa US, haana kumbosiyana kubva zvakarurama michini, wakabudiswa Switzerland kana Japan. Eya, akasiyana-siyana yokutevedzera nedzimwe mutengo Categories, ayo anomiririrwa zvose chekare uye nyanzvi mumitambo neshanduro, zvichaita kushamisa kunyange yakawandirwa mutengi.

Very zvakarurama vanokudzwa pakurinda zvechiuto. Bulova kambani nokuti mubasa kukura itsva wemabhuku chiningoningo vakadzi uye timepieces dzevanhu, wainzi Precisionist, rinoreva "Kururama" akawanda. chakarurama Izvi kuramba dzinoratidzwa zvibereko kuunganidza, nevanga kumahombekombe kwokukanganisa ndiyo +/- 10 masekonzi pagore. Goldstone mhando vane zvakawanda zvimwe itsva zvinhu - namaapuro idzva, mumwe akayangarara ruoko wechipiri, zvinogona kuderedza nemigumisiro yacho tembiricha pasina kushandisa zvimwe Chips mutariri dzinotsanagura thermoregulation. Uyewo tarisai ane mativi sekristaro vibration riri kakawanda kupfuura dihedral crystals.

Kugadziridza rakarurama vakarinda kufamba

Pasina mubvunzo, chinonyanya cho chero muenzaniso - zvokuimba yokurinda zvakarurama, pasinei tolerances, izvo kazhinji kacho kusvikira masekondi 30 pazuva. In kugadzirwa nemafambiro hwakagadzwa vagadziri vanoomerera advertising. Kurongwa All yaitwa zvakananga panguva Vagadziri zvivako. Mechanical nenguva yeko rusvingo, uyewo ruoko - ari kunzwisisa mashandiro, saka avo yakarurama kunobva kwakarongeka basa zvose hurongwa uye hurongwa pamasikiro mudziyo.

In pagadzirwe zvemaziso dzokurinda vane Chinyorwa kugadziridza mashandiro inopiwa, izvo zvinoita kuderedza rakarurama wokutsauka. Kuchinja, unofanira kuziva chaizvo ari mudziyo uye sangano.

Simple (kuroora) lämpömittari

Kuchinja zvakarurama zvemaziso dzokurinda sitiroko kunoitika achishandisa chinhu chinokosha zambuko iri nepakati raiva pedyo nebundu, unonzi "lämpömittari". The lämpömittari iri mhikuriso mumwe mugumo izvo pane mbiri nembambo kana nokukiya chihuri rumwe rutivi - duku fungidziro. fungidziro Izvi zvinogona akagadziridzwa rakarurama zvokuimba wachi uye kugadzira nokushanda kureba zononoka. "Thermometers" akasiyana design, izvo vangava akasiyana kureba museve, iyo dhayamita pamusoro mahwanda apuro uye dzakasiyana-siyana nembambo. "Thermometers" rinogona kuva nyore (kuroora) kana kunzwisisa (kaviri).

Mechanical dzokurinda inodhura -

Kana isu kutaura pamusoro chiningoningo zvemaziso wachi, ivo vashongedze maoko evanhu dzakakwirira mari.

Cost mishonga anogona pfuura chimwe namazana euros. Naizvozvo, unogona kugara yakasiyana musiyano wezvinyorwa, mutengo achava yakaderera zvikuru, Chokwadi, kana uri kurasikirwa zvakarurama vabatsirwe hwenyika uye mukurumbira.