Transitive rechiito - nayo ... transitive uye intransitive verbs

Transitivity / intransitive ari muboka, pahwaro izvo zvinoita govera ukama pakati yacho uye kuramba zviito. Zvinoreva muchikwata ichi kuti nyaya anoita chiito uye ayo mugumisiro anogona "kuratidza" (enda) kana kuti "kuva" (kwete kuenda) nezvenyaya. Naizvozvo, verbs mumutauro wokuRussia akakamurwa transitive uye intransitive.

Transitive uye intransitive verbs. lexical zvinoreva

Kuti uone kuchinja, zvinokosha kuziva chinokosha kuti anofarira rechiito anotsigira uye ane yakananga Kunyora kuti nyaya.

Transitive rechiito - shoko rechiito rine kukosha kuita, iro kutaurirwa chinhu uye modifies kana pave nayo (tarisa basa, kuchera gomba).

Intransitive rechiito - chinoratidza kufamba kana chinzvimbo muchadenga, kana mamiriro mupfungwa kana mumuviri.

Also emit anonzi labile verbs. Vanogona kuita sechinhu Transitional uye intransitive (utongi mupepeti zvinyorwa - nyika iri kutongwa nomunhu pachake).

syntactic musiyano

Syntactic musiyano zvinopfuura uye intransitive verbs chokuita lexical zvinoreva. Transitive uye intransitive verbs zvinowa- aibatanidza:

• The yokutanga - pamwe emazita uye zvisazitasingwi anoratidza chinhu chimwe, nemanzvengero ari accusative nyaya (kuverenga magazini, kubata musikana).
• Chechipiri - pamwe kuwedzererwa varehwa emazita uye zvisazitasingwi, Zvireva mwene kana pasina navo bedzi muna oblique nyaya (kutamba panze, famba famba pachivanze). Rinogonawo kushandiswa intransitive verbs accusative, asi pasina chikonzero uye akatakura ukoshi nguva kana nzvimbo: kuti vashanyi vari masikati nousiku.

Uyezve, zvakaitwa chinhu ari transitive rechiito rinogona kwakunoitwa genitive nyaya, asi chete zvinotevera nyaya:

• ari pakunzi chinhu: kutenga mvura yokunwa tii;
• kana pane nokumunyima rechiito: Handina kodzero, Handina kuverenga bhuku.

Transitive uye intransitive verbs (Table) vane huru kusiyana.

morphological zvinhu

Kazhinji, verbs izvi havana zvakananga morphological zvinhu. Kunyange zvakadaro, mamwe shoko inotungamirwa ndizvo zviratidzo zviri transitive kana intransitive rechiito. Saka transitive rechiito - ndiko:

• verbs vose namira Xia (kuita);
• denominative verbs umo suffix kana -e- dzinounzwa -Kwete - (- icha-): kunhonga uye kuderedzwa kuti pulp, makaro.

By kuchinja zvinogona kunzi verbs vari aumba kubva adjectives pamwe suffix -and-: greening, dema.

Pane zvimwe zviitiko apo, prefixed bespristavochnym intransitive verbs kuumbika transitive verbs. Mienzaniso kukuvadza uye neutralize.

Kana pfungwa haisi chinamatidzwa, rinoshanda se transitive rechiito intransitive: Mudzidzi anonyora (chaiyo ine pfuma kuri kuti munhu uyu) zvakanaka.

Intransitive verbs vane rinokosha boka reflexivo verbs vavo yakarongwa chizenga - mumwe suffix -sya (kusuka, shure).

Reflexivo verbs. Features

Reflexivo verbs vari kudzidza kuchikoro kwakarongwa kuti, uyewo transitive verbs (Grade 6).

Breakout rinoreva chiito rechiito, akatendeuka pamusoro. Zvinonzi inoumbwa zvacho (postfix) -sya (-s).

Tinogona kusiyanisa zvinotevera chikuru zviri verbs izvi:

• Chekutanga, vanogona kutevedzera zvose transitive verbs (dzezvipfeko - vapfeke) uye kubva intransitive (ndichigogodza - gogodza). Kunyange zvakadaro, kudzoka (transitive verbs pashure kuwedzera postfix -s (Xia)) chero zvazvingava, zviri intransitive (nemapfekero - vapfeke).
• Chechipiri, kuti postfix akawedzera: Xia - mushure consonants (kusuka, kuwacha, kuwacha), -s - pashure mavhawero (mapfekero, mapfekero). Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti sakaramendi anogara akanyorwa postfix-Xia (kupfeka, wachika).
• Chechitatu, reflexivo verbs vari kuumbwa munzira nhatu: suffixal Postaffixal - achiwedzera suffix kuti hunde uye postfix (+ Ve Res (be), kuva), prefixed-Postaffixal (pa + pit_sya) Postaffixal (geza + kuva).

Dérivés dzidzo Xia uye pusa PARTICIPLES

Sezvo zvikuru morphological ehupfumi transitive verbs - paumbwe nomukaka muna Xia uye pusa PARTICIPLES, riri uncharacteristic kuti intransitive verbs vanyatsoziva pamwe muitiro uyu zvizere.

Kazhinji, transitive rechiito - mumwe kuti anoumba munhu chirevo chezvakaitirwa kana derevativy kupera Xia, izvo zvinogona kuva kudzoka (kukurumidza), pusa ukoshi (yakasimbiswa), dekauzativnoe (zororo).

The anosiyiwa ndivo verbs kuwedzera (mu uremu), mutengo, uye vakawanda nokuyera musi semelfaktivov Zvakanaka (kovyrnut). Kunze verbs izvi hatuzoumbiki kungotarisa kudzoka uye nomukaka.

Asi zvakadaro pane intransitive verbs vanokwanisa rokuumba pusa zvakagadzirwa. Somuenzaniso, shoko rechiito vatarisire. Zvinonzi aumba kubva intransitive pusa magadzirirwo pamwe kuwedzera pamusoro genitive: I kutarisira kusvika Basil - kutarisirwa nokusvika Basil.

Kuwirirana transitive rechiito

Pasinei chokwadi kuti kuchinja haisi chete yakarongwa mashoko, asi pane muitiro kuti vasunge transitionality muchikwata pamwe wevakadzidza ehupfumi rechiito, akadai kutukana prefixes:

• Ruzhinji rwakapindura non-returnable verbs ane chivakashure zvakasiyana, muri kuchinja (akamhanya, vasundire kunze). The anosiyiwa ndiwo: rechiito suffix kureva kufamba -va- / -iva- / -a- (famba, nemotokari); verbs, izvo kuratidza chinhu ehupfumi kwatangwa kuchinja, kunyanya avo rine -nu- suffix aumba kubva intransitive verbs (muchanyauswa, vazvinyause, kuzvimba); verbs ane mavhawero -e- nyaya kuti anoratidza kuchinja ehupfumi (kuva corpulent, mupfumi); kusanganisira - hwamanda Akashandura pfungwa dzake.
• Anenge zvose verbs yakanyura ane chivakashure yakafanira, muri zvinopfuura (kunze: izmoknut, kana iwe ndapota kuoma panze, uye vamwe).

Kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro ehupfumi transitive verbs

Mutauro Russian ane kirasi yakakura zvakananga zvinhu. Kunze vaya yekudyidzana sei mamiriro ezvinhu, shoko rechiito rinogona kuva zvakananga chinhu, kutamba nomumwe kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro basa (somuenzaniso, ona, kuti kusika - idzi transitive rechiito pamwe chinhu, hapana chinoitika, hazvina kuparadzwa, haachinji).

Zvakaratidza kuti kushorwa Transitional haafaniri nokuramba wakaomerera panzira chokuita nepfungwa yacho rechiito mukirasi. Izvi zvinoreva kuti transitive rechiito hazvireve kureva agentivity-patsientivnuyu mamiriro ezvinhu. Asi harisati zvinogoneka kucherechedza zvimwe kuitika.

Saka transitive rechiito - ndiko:

• kutadza kana kuparadzwa rechiito chinhu (kuuraya, nokuputsanya);
• rechiito chinhu anoshandura chimiro (Mash, tsonyera);
• shoko rechiito kuti kutonhodza madengetera (kugumbura, netsa, kugumbura).

Kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro ehupfumi kuti intransitive verbs

Achisimbisa kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro ehupfumi ose transitive verbs, unogona havatsananguri ehupfumi zvose zororo, kuti ndizvo intransitive:

• Verbs vari voga, pasina wedzera-Ons, kuti zvinoratidza shanduko iri hurumende patsiensa (yakananga chinhu, yekudyidzana sei mamiriro ezvinhu), izvo haana anokonzerwa Agent. Kana kuti kungava nyaya apo Agens anobatsira zvishoma basa: kufa, kuora, donhwe, akanyorova.
• Kaviri pamwe zvisina kunanga. Kureva verbs kubatsira (kunze kuramba): kusimudzira, kubatsira, bvumira, vspomoschestvovat.
• Verbs anoshandiswa pamwe chinhu yakabudikira chikamu agentive rechiito nhengo (kutama, kutama, famba).
• Verbs kuti maonero zvekunyepera ezvinhu (kuvimba, kutarisira (kuti), kuvimba, vanovimba).

Mhando Uncanonical zvakananga kuwedzererwa

Chinowanzoonekwa akataura kuti chinokosha transitive verbs - kukwanisa kutaura zvakananga chinhu ari accusative. Asi kunewo makirasi verbs kuti anoshandiswa kwete chete emazita uye zvisazitasingwi ari accusative mhosva, uye shoko kana turnover wemigove kutaura semantically kufanana nayo pakawanda. Zvinogona kuva:

• prepositional mutsara (I ndikamumara necheseri nzeve);
• genitive boka (sekuru haana kuverenga pepanhau);
• Adverbial boka (anonwa chaizvo, saka ndakasarudza);
• sentential actant (kuitika chokuti turnover - Ndinoda kuenda yemitambo; acho rinoshandiswa pamwe mubatanidzwa yekuva kana chii - ndakaziva kuti aizoenda kugungwa; acho pavanoparidza Union-apo - Handifariri apo mvura).

Vamwe Zvivako dzakanyorwa havagoni chete kutsiva zvakananga chinhu rinoshandiswa transitive rechiito, asi kushandiswa kuratidza yakafanana mashandiro pamwe intransitive verbs. zvinoti:

• kuitika chokuti nokukurumidza (akatya kuenda kusango usiku);
• clauses vari pamwe nemibatanidzwa yekuva Chii (iye akatsamwa kuti haana kuuya, uye akanyengetera kuti akauya);
• clauses pavanoparidza Union-kana (Handifariri apo mikova akaramba namahwindo);
• genitive (iye haambotauri vakomana izvi)
• Kurangana pamwe yakawanda (Alina anorara zvizhinji).

Analogs pamusoro apa kuwedzera kusvika accusative dzive kunosiyana inosiyana zvivako zviri isati unyanzvi zvakananga kuwedzererwa.

To muchidimbu

Pasinei chokwadi kuti nyaya imwe akaoma, takakwanisa kuona chii chiri transitive rechiito. Uye akadzidzawo kusiyanisa kubva asiri sanduko, uye kuti govera pakati rokupedzisira vozratnye. Uye kuzviratidza, tinopa muenzaniso mitsara ine transitive verbs, intransitive uye kudzokera:

• Transitional: kupenda madziro, kurapa murwere, verenga bhuku, kuti sutu vatiitire ruoko, kutenga tii, mvura yokunwa, haana kodzero uku mwana;
• intransitive: kufamba mumigwagwa, tendai zvakanaka, famba mupaki, kuderedzwa kuti pulp kuneta;
• kudzokera: kuti zvinhu zvaitwa, nazvo, tamirai pedyo nepedyo, kuteerera webasa, funga pamusoro ari, vouch munun'una wake, kubata nyaya.