The vanachiremba nomukurumbira kupfuura zvenyika

Kufarira sayenzi kwomweya, rinoshandurwa seshoko "zvepfungwa", yakatanga mazana emakore akawanda akapfuura vanhu. Uye zvakadaro hakungadzimwi, asi, rakaputika idzva simba. Kana ichi kwenguva refu nguva vanachiremba vakakurumbira vakaramba achinja, akakudziridza uye nopindirana yesayenzi kufunga pamusoro nyika womunhu womukati. Kwemazana emakore akawanda zvakanyorwa zvakawanda mabhuku, nyaya uye mabhuku nezvenyaya iyi. Zvino Ichokwadi vanachiremba vakakurumbira, ichitsvaka nuances uye subtleties zviri nesayenzi kwomweya, akaita chinhu zvisingatendeseki zvakawanikwa, vari mukuru anobatsira kukosha mumazuva nhasi. Mazita akadai Freud, Maslow, Vygotsky, Ovcharenko, anozivikanwa munyika yose. Izvi vanachiremba vakakurumbira vava innovators vechokwadi kudzidza nzvimbo. Kwavari, sayenzi mweya yave chinokosha hwavo. Ndavapiko uye sei kuonga mberi kwesayenzi vava akakurumbira? Funga mubvunzo uyu zvizere.

Sigmund Freud

Nokuti vazhinji, yakakurumbira wepfungwa - ndizvo. Ake echimurenga dzidziso anozivikanwa kuti anenge munhu wose.

Sigmund Freud akaberekwa muna 1856 muna rweAustro-Hungary town Freiberg. Uyu murume rava nyanzvi wechokwadi pasango neurology. budiriro Ainyanya iri pakuti akatanga dzidziso dzakazova hwaro chikoro psychoanalytic. Iri yakakurumbira kwepfungwa, Freud akaisa mberi pfungwa yokuti mhosva zvokurwara ose tsinga chinhu chisinganzwisisiki vasingatsvi uye chavanoziva pezvakaitwa kuti yekudyidzana kufurira mumwe. Raiva budiriro chaiyo sayenzi.

Abraham Harold Maslow

Category "vanachiremba Famous", hapana mubvunzo, hazvibviri kufungidzira pasina musayendisiti ichi unyanzvi. Akaberekerwa muna 1908 muna American New York. Abraham Maslow yakatanga dzidziso humanistic zvepfungwa. In monograph ake tinogona kuwana chinhu chakadai "Maslow kuti Pyramid". Ngachipiwe chaizvo diagrams, inomiririra kwomunhu zvinodiwa. In dzezvoupfumi, vati piramidhi akawana widest kushanda.

Melani Klyayn

Vari muchikwata che "yakakurumbira mwana kwepfungwa," wake munhu haisi nzvimbo yokupedzisira. Melani Klyayn akaberekwa muna 1882 mune yeAustria guru. Anogara nostalgically akayeuka pauduku hwake, yaiva yakazara uye mufaro. Kufarira sayenzi mweya Melanie akamuka pashure akatambura kaviri psychoanalysis.

Zvadaro, Klein anonyora zvinokosha monographs kwesayenzi panyaya mwana psychoanalysis. Uye pasinei nokuti dzidziso Melanie waidzika pakaunda kusvika Freudian dzidziso mwana pachisara iye anogona kuratidza kuti vana nyore kuti mutambo unogona kuwana zvakavanzika zvizhinji mwana psyche.

Viktor Frankl Emil

Famous vanachiremba zvenyika - zviri zvakare musayendisiti Frankl unonzi. Akaberekerwa muna 1905 mune yeAustria guru. Akava nomukurumbira kuti nemamwe matongo mumunda wepfungwa, kwete chete, asiwo uzivi. Kuedza Frank kwakaita ashandira Third Viennese School of Psychotherapy. Ndiye muvambi "Man Kutsvaka Meaning." Uye kuti bhuku iri rakanga hwaro kuchinja ane nzira itsva nzira psychotherapy, riri nani kuzivikanwa logotherapy. Hunorevei? Hazvina nyore. Man padzimba dzake kuvapo kuedza kugadzirisa dambudziko rokuwana choupenyu.

Adler Alfred

munhu uyu ndorwevaya Zvinovheneka hwesayenzi vakasiya yakadzika chiratidzo zvepfungwa. Akanga akaberekerwa Penzing, muAustria muna 1870. Chinoshamisawo ndechokuti Alfred haana kuva muteveri Freud. Iye nemaune kunyimwa nhengo iri psychoanalytic muvanhu. Scientific vakaungana vakamukomberedza pachake boka rake shamwari pasi zita "Association of Individual Psychology." Muna 1912 akabudisa imwe monograph "On yezvakaita etsinga."

Nokukurumidza, iye akatanga kusikwa "Journal of Individual Psychology." vaNazi kana vakabata simba, akamira basa rake zvesayenzi. Muna 1938, Alfred Hospital yakavharwa. Imwe nzira kana mumwe, asi ndiye chete nenyanzvi mune zvepfungwa, izvo akadzivirira pfungwa yokuti huru chezvinonhuwira kukura unhu - chido kuchengetedza uye vave pachako kusiyana kwayo uye munhu akazvimiririra.

Masayendisiti anodavira kuti mufananidzo upenyu hwomunhu ane rakananga nezvainoita unhu ruzivo kuti akawana akwegura. Zvakaitika izvi correlated zvakasimba nepfungwa collectivism, mumwe wevatatu chokuziva chavanoziva manzwiro mukati sechivako "I". Magadzirirwo manyorerwe upenyu hwakavakirwa nepfungwa munharaunda, asi hazvisi nguva dzose pasi budiriro uye zvingava kuchangotanga. Mukupera zvakadaro, pangava kukakavara uye kurwisana. Masayendisiti vanosimbisa kuti kana munhu angawana mutauro nevakawanda nevamwe, kuva neurotic hakuiti kutyisidzira naye, uye iye kashoma anoshinga yomusango uye mabasa nekumhanyirira.

Bluma Zeigarnik

Izvi zvakare musayendisiti nyika-nomukurumbira. Famous hadzi wepfungwa Bluma Zeigarnik akaberekwa muna 1900 mune Lithuanian taundi gakava. Akadzidzira zvepfungwa pane zvakadai nenyanzvi akakurumbira akafanana Karl Levin, E. Spranger, K. Goldstein. Zeigarnik akagoverana maonero kwesayenzi anotaurwa Gestalt zvepfungwa. Vavengi dzidziso iyi kakawanda vakaedza Bluma kushanyira Levin makirasi, asi iye akaramba akaomerera. Mukadzi inozivikanwa kuti chokubvisa rakasiyana muenzaniso, izvo akazozivikanwa se "Zeigarnik kushanda".

Anorevei nyore. A hadzi kwepfungwa akaisa nyore ruzivo. Iye akaunganidza imwe nhamba yevanhu uye akavabvunza kwenguva chaiyo nguva kugadzirisa imwe dambudziko. The kuedza Bluma vakasvika pakugumisa kuti zviito konekwa murume anoyeuka nani zvikuru pane anenge apera.

Hakob Pogosovich Nazaretyan

Chakanakira musayendisiti ichi mumunda wepfungwa uye uremu maitiro mumunda nemagariro anthropology hunokosha. Hakob Nazaretyan - womunyika kuguta Baku. Iye wakaberekerwa musayendisiti muna 1948. Mumakore mubasa nesayenzi, akanyora vazhinji monographs, izvo nezvokumwe matambudziko munzanga pakukura dzidziso.

Uyezve, Hakob Pogosovich aiva munyori kubvuma kuti munyika mune Techno-ruyamuro Chiyero, riri pedyo ukama rwokugadzirwa mberi uye tsika.

Lev Semenovich Vygotsky

Ake chakakodzera kunzi Mozart wepfungwa, kunyange zvazvo ari kururamisira zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti pakutanga akadzidza mabhora akasiyana zvachose zivo. Akapinda Medical weVadzidzisi Vedare, uye ipapo akatamisira kuMutemo. Uye kunyange akaratidza sawanikwa kufarira mabhuku. Iye akasiya musayendisiti uye guru chavangayeukwa iri nesayenzi kwomweya. Lev Vygotsky akaberekwa muna 1896 mune Belarusian taundi Orsha. musayendisiti Izvi zvinogona zvakachengeteka kutarirwa ndandanda vanoda "Famous vanachiremba Russia." Sei? Hongu, rokutanga zvose nokuti ndiye munyori tsika-nhoroondo dzidziso iri zvepfungwa. Muna 1924 Vygotsky mubasa rake kutsoropodza reflexology. Mumakore akazotevera akashungurudzwa kudzidza nyaya kutaura uye pfungwa uye zvakasikwa pamusoro pakutsvakurudza nyaya. It Lev Semenovich akaratidza kuti dzinotsanagura kufunga uye vachiti pfungwa chaizvo interlinked pamwe nemumwe. Munguva 1930s, nokuti maonero ake ndavhiyiwa musayendisiti kutambudzwa ichi: machinda zveSoviet kufumura kuna kukanganiswa Pfungwa hunhu.

Mozart zvepfungwa akasiya mabasa mashoma zvikuru, yakawanda mabhuku, yaisanganisira ari kuunganidzwa mabasa.

Mune zvaakanyora, rakafukidza nezvinetso zvepfungwa unhu kukura, mibvunzo simba pamusoro seboka ani. Chokwadi, Vygotsky mupiro mukuru sayenzi mweya uye anoenderana anoranga: zvemutauro, uzivi, pathologist, pedagogy.

Viktor Ivanovich Ovcharenko

Nyanzvi iyi anoshamisa akaberekwa muna 1943 mutaundi reDimitrovgrad (Ulyanovsk nharaunda). mabasa ake vari kusimba kukuru kwepfungwa. Kuburikidza tsvakurudzo ake sayenzi mweya kwakaita kuchikosha mberi kwayo kukura. Viktor Ivanovich akanyora hakuna basa zvinokosha. The musayendisiti yave ongorora Sociological zvepfungwa uye zvikuru kudzidza mubvunzo interpersonal ukama.

monograph ake rakabudiswa kwete chete Russian, asiwo dzimwe nhau.

Muna 1996, vezvesayenzi Ovcharenko zvinganaka pfungwa rethinking enhoroondo nguva Russian psychoanalysis. Akatanga kugadzirwa nemabhuku, izvo zvairatidza kuti Biography pakati 700 vanhu vakakurumbira, kusanganisira vanachiremba, vazivi, tsika.