The ngano pamusoro Archimedes uye pfupi Biography of musayendisiti

Greece hakusi pasina anonzi paucheche nemagariro Western, nokuti panyika ino yakaropafadzwa, okumavirira kwoushamwari muGungwa reMediterranean, akararama uye akasika masayendisiti penya. The mazita evanhu nheyo sayenzi yemazuva, kuti kutora peji kupfuura mumwe. Tichakurukura mumwe wavo - masvomhu, wefizikisi, uye ouinjiniya. Information pamusoro pfungwa dzake here chikuru izhinji, uye ngano dzose Archimedes anozivikanwa dzose wechikoro. Tichatevera ndinokuudzai kuti munhu worudzii, uye chii ini chikwereti iye vose namarudzi avanhu.

A zvishoma ane shasha

The ngano pamusoro Archimedes Chokwadi, dzinonakidza. Asi kutanga tinoda kuudza zvishoma pamusoro musayendisiti. Biography pakati echiGiriki akakurumbira akauya kwatiri ari mharidzo vakadai vanyori vekare sezvo Tit Livy, Vitruvius, Cicero, Polybius, Plutarch. Mumwe nomumwe wavo akararama zvikuru paya pane Archimedes, saka haugoni nharo kuti zviitiko zvinorondedzerwa nazvo ichokwadi.

Future shasha akaberekwa muna Syracuse, muna kweSisiri. Zvichida Archimedes aiva hama mubati weguta Hiero II. Passion nokuti sayenzi iye vakaroverera baba vake, Phidias, yakakurumbira nyanzvi uye nyanzvi yemasvomhu. Uye akadzidza kuAlexandria, chikuru tsika uye kwesayenzi muzinda nguva.

Kunyange refu asati ngano pamusoro Archimedes, shasha akasangana kunoshamisa vanhu, Conon uye Eratosthenes, iyo zvino hwaienzanirana upenyu. Aizoita kugara kwemaawa yakakurumbira raibhurari nayo ikaunganidzwa vanopfuura zviuru zana manomwe mumanyoro. Zviri pano kuti Archimedes aiva nomukana tinyatsoziva zvinyorwa Democritus uye Eudoxus, iye kazhinji akataura gare gare mune zvaakanyora.

Biographers vanoti, pashure pokupedza dzidzo, Archimedes akadzokera kumusha kwake, uko iye ainakidzwa rukudzo uye havana kuda mari.

Scientist uye korona

Hapana ngano pamusoro Archimedes, vazhinji vavo, nokuti musayendisiti zvino uye ipapo chinhu yagadzirwa, akaongorora, akashanda. Inonyanya kufarirwa vavo vanoziva kwatiri kubva kuchikoro. Ndiro ngano pamusoro Archimedes pamusoro korona. Rondedzera muchidimbu kwayo chaizvo.

Kamwe mambo utsinye Hiero aida kuona kana ake mupfuri wendarama chandakukanganisira nokuita korona yendarama pamusoro pake. Akarayira masayendisiti kuti tione kana zvechokwadi kushongedzwa akaita yakaisvonaka inokosha simbi. Kuoma kuziva yezvinoreva Crown, sezvo aiva mugari chimiro. Nezviri pamusoro basa, Archimedes akawana nzira kubata nawo: kunyudza chigadzirwa mumvura uye kuyera vhoriyamu emura misha nayo. Panguva iyoyo sezvo ngano pamusoro Archimedes, shasha akati "Eureka!", Iro rinoshandurudza se "kuwana". Nesayenzi kuwanikwa hydrostatic akapinda sezvo Archimedes 'musimboti.

How kuzodzosera Pasi?

Asi tinoziva, uye mumwe ngano pamusoro Archimedes (mufananidzo pazasi). Biographers vanoti mutongi kuSirakusi akarayira kuvaka rinorema mnogopalubny chikepe, iyo yakanyorerwa sechipo kuna Ptolemy, mambo muIjipiti. Asi pashure aisagona kuwana pamusoro mvura, uye pano kuuya kubatsira Archimedes. Akavaka vakapoteredza chikepe gadziriro yose inoperera uye kushandisa simba zvireruke kuti nyore kukurira basa. Ndipo apo muvambi akaberekwa aphorism: "Ndipei fulcrum uye ini kuchaita nyika."

Aponese Syracuse

Amazing dzokufungidzira of musayendisiti anunura muguta musha wake pakuparadzwa. Ndiyo imwe ngano pamusoro Archimedes (mu wefizikisi, iwe zvechokwadi kudzidza nayo). Saka, maererano biographers injiniya shasha, muna 212 BC. e. eRoma akakomba Syracuse. Panguva wechipiri hondo Punic, gamba redu rakanga anenge 75 nemakore. Asi pfungwa dzake achiri kukurumidza uye vanhu vanoda kuziva.

Saka, Archimedes yakatanga vanodhirowa pamusoro catapults simba, iyo akakanda wemasoja Marcellus mabwe. Kutiza moto uyu, uto reRoma vakamhanyira kumasvingo Syracuse. Asi ivo vakanga vakamirira kuti kushamisika hachifadzi - chiedza catapults. Uyezve, vagari (zvichida tichibatsirwa musayendisiti) vakavaka Cranes, izvo vakabata zvikepe, akavamutsira, uye ipapo kukandwa pasi uye rikanyuramo. Mauto vakadzokera shure.

Imwe shanduro inoti Wokusingaperi City rengarava panguva yokukomba wakanga wapiswa nomoto, izvo zvakabva kushanda nezvionioni kana incendiary. Zvisinei, kana yapfuura ngano vaedzwa uye akasimbisa nemasayendisiti ano, moto Syracuse achiri vaiona akanaka rungano.

End upenyu

Somugumisiro kutengeswa Syracuse asi ratorwa nevaRoma mugore. Archimedes, uyo akaponesa guta yapfuura kubaya. Pane shanduro mana musayendisiti afa, asi vose kubika pasi chokwadi kuti mukweguru hacked rufu nemasoja. Warlord Marcellus akatsamwa kwazvo kudzidza rufu yakakurumbira munhu, uye akamupa kuvigwa. The nemhondi vakaurayiwa. Nhasi muna Syracuse, unogona kuona ibwe guva Archimedes, yakavakwa maviri emakore pashure pokufa kwake. Asi masayendisiti vachirarama mwoyo yevanhu sendarama inozivikanwa muvambi kare, sezvo Muponesi chizvarwa guta rake, uye muranda nesayenzi akavimbika.