The neonatal nguva vakanga mamirire zvinhu

Vaipfuura 9 months kumirira chishamiso, nguva apo amai vanepamuviri kwete chete anticipates vafare kuuya musangano mwana wake, asi muzerewo nokuzvidya mwoyo uye kutya yokusununguka.

Kana chiedza achava mwana ingaita kuti zvinhu zvose zviri kare shure kwedu, asi chaizvoizvo pakarepo pashure pokuberekwa mwana wako inotangira zvirokwazvo anokosha muupenyu achangozvarwa kumwedzi.

Duration neonatal kumwedzi

Neonatal nguva rinovapo kusvikira pakupera rokutanga romwedzi upenyu (mazuva 28 akarembedzwa). Uye kuchitanga nokufema wokutanga nomwana. Uyezve, tsika kusiyanisa mangwanani uye mushakabvu neonatal nguva. The mangwanani neonatal kumwedzi kunotora mazuva 7 upenyu chokutanga, uye gare gare, ukuwo, - zvinotevera vhiki nhatu.

The Chaizvoizvo uye chikuru zvechadenga neonatal nguva

The neonatal munguva - iri nguva apo mwana anosiiwa amai panyama, asi vasiri ukama hwakasimba chaizvo.

Mamirire nguva achangoberekwa ane dzakawanda zvinhu:

- kukwana pakunamata gadziriro uye nhengo dzose achangoberekwa;

- zvinokosha umbishi zvomusoro tsinga;

- kuchinja chadzo, nemakemikari uye morphological hunhu;

- mvura Exchange dzichipfekeka mufambo;

- muviri achangoberekwa zvikuru kubatwa zvimwewo zvinhu (kunyange kuchinja kuduku kungaita kuti zvakakomba vachivavhiringidza uye vasiri pezvakaitwa mune mwero chokubuda).

kuti neonatal nguva kunoratidzwa ndechokuti mwana inenge nguva anorara. Kuronga rudo, hanya zvinodiwa nezvokudya, zvokunwa uye hope vakuru vanobatsira vapone mwana.

Nguva iyi ndeimwe kuchinjira kumamiriro ezvinhu matsva kujairika upenyu:

- zvishoma nezvishoma mwana anotanga kurara zvishoma, asi zvikuru muka;

- kuva nokuona uye auditory hurongwa;

- dzichiri kutanga vakaumbwa hunenge (somuenzaniso, kana mwana akarara pamusoro pamakumbo amai vake, anoziva zvinodiwa kuti muromo wake uye mudzokere musoro wake).

Description mwana ari neonatal nguva

Description achangoberekwa ane vanoverengeka inokosha zvinhu:

1) A achangoberekwa anogona kuchengeta kusiyana kukura kwomuviri zvichienzaniswa mukuru. The kwomwana musoro iri yakakura chokuita muviri (mubasa renguva refu vacheche guru musoro anenge 25% of zvachose muviri, preterm - kusvika 30-35%, nepo mune vakuru - vanenge 12%). Nyaya iyi imhaka yokuti uropi chiitiko neonatal munguva iri mberi dzimwe nhengo uye hurongwa.

2) Head sekamufarenzi mu izwi vacheche pane anenge 32-35 cm.

3) Maumbirwe musoro angava akasiyana, uye zvinoenderana kubva Generic muitiro. Pakuzvarwa ne musoro Caesarean chikamu mwana ari kumativi. Vagura dzinongoitika mwana kubereka Canal inopa mufambo yeDehenya mapfupa, saka mwana musoro kunogona flattened, elongated kana asymmetrical chimiro.

4) The pamusoro dehenya panguva mwana ane dzakapfavirira akanaka (1 kusvika 3 cm) - nzvimbo musoro, apo pasina mapfupa cranial.

Face uye bvudzi rusvava

1) Meso vana vachangoberekwa pazuva upenyu chokutanga kazhinji kuvharwa, saka zvakaoma kufunga navo.

2) The mhino ndiko mucheche chidukuduku, uye nasal ndima - yakatetepa, ari mucous Kamudzira mumhino - kusimba, uye saka zvinoda kutarisirwa.

3) The lacrimal mumasero zvichigere kwakakwana, saka muna neonatal nguva mwana achichema, asi misodzi havana kumira panze.

4) The ruzhinji vana vanoberekwa vaine bvudzi rima kuti kazhinji avhiringidzwa, uye kune zvachose muviri bvudzi. Kune vana vanenge vazvarwa mhanza zvachose.

5) Leather mwana ari akatunhidzwa kwazvo uye kugumbuka. The horny rukoko - mutete. Skin ruvara rokutanga maminitsi azvarwa - hapana ane rinokwanisa kucheneruka tinge, apo paya ganda inova Pink uye kunyange yakatsvukuruka.

Ko achangozvarwa kuona?

Pane pfungwa kuti pashure pokuberekwa kwemaziso mwana nenzeve zvisina zvakazara yakatanga, saka mwana haagoni kuita chinhu kuona uye kunzwa. Chete pashure pechinguva, mwana anotanga kuziva silhouettes uye kunzwa manzwi uye ruzha. Like kana kwete, unofanira kunzwisisa. Wanai kana mwana anotanga kuona.

Sezvo vaona vana vachangoberekwa?

Zvinonzi nesayenzi nekusimba kuti mwana achangoberekwa kugona kuona, nekuti mashandiro Muviri womunhu chokuziva uye aumbwa mudumbu. Mumwe mubvunzo kuti kutarisana nhengo kunokudziridzwa zvakanaka. Pakarepo mushure, kana mwana anotanga kuona zvose zvinhu uye vanhu vakamupoteredza sokuti kujeka. iri nyore Izvi zvinotsanangurwa, nekuti zvakadaro zvakaonekwa zvishoma nezvishoma achichinja itsva ezvinhu oupenyu uye rinovakwazve.

Saizvozvowo, tinogona kutaura kuti mwana azvarwa vari zvakanaka kusiyanisa chiedza uye rima. Iye squints zvakaipa kana chinotungamirwa sechiedza bhuku, uye kunozarura maziso ake murima kwasviba. Chinhu nyore kutsanangura, nekuti kunyange munhu mukuru kwakaoma ajairire yakajeka chiedza pashure kuva murima. Mwana ari mudumbu, zviri murima, uye inoberekerwa, sezvo mutemo, muna pakukurukura mukamuri, apo inopenya magetsi uye mwenje.

Kunyange paine zviitiko apo maminitsi mashoma okutanga pashure kuberekwa kwemwana kunogona kuitwa nameso azarurirwa, uye zvinoita sokuti akanga kuona zvose zvichiitika kumativi uye kwete kutora meso ake kubva mai vake.

Nokuti anenge 2 weeks pashure pokuberekwa, mwana anogona kumisa pamusoro chinhu mumasekonzi 3-4 chete.

Vasiri inoti neonatal nguva

Kunyanya neonatal nguva - vanonzi vasiri mamiriro, izvo zvose vaduku Amai anofanira kuziva kuti kudzivisa pathologies uye zvirwere.

1) Skin Erythema (maoko nemakumbo nayo anotarisa yakatsvukuruka ane rinokwanisa kucheneruka tinge nokuda vasodilatation, nokuda kutapudzwa tembiricha kubva madhigirii 37 mudumbu kusvikira 20-24 uye aqueous kuchinja mhepo ezvinhu). Panyaya iyi, nyika vasiri muitiro muviri tembiricha, kushumba uye mukuru mamiriro ezvinhu mwana kuramba kuchinja. Pashure pemazuva 3-4, ganda anotanga peel they and and munzvimbo akatsvuka. Izvi hakurevi kurapwa uye chinokosha hanya.

2) midziyo Zvaakazoita ari neonatal munguva. Kakawanda, izvi vasiri muitiro kunooneka pacharo mu rokusamhanyira vacheche. Inogona kuchengetwa:

- gogonera akatsvuka ganda, kana chikamu chimwe muviri anotanga yakatsvukuruka Hue, uye mumwe - nekusiyana, hapana, uye kunyange vane rinokwanisa kucheneruka tint nokuda akarara kana avete rumwe rutivi;

- machena, rinokwanisa kucheneruka ganda kuratidzwa kuitika nokuda umbishi ari vascular hurongwa.

pezvakaitwa akadaro anowanzoratidza kutora nzvimbo mazuva mashoma pashure pokuberekwa, asi zvinoda kurapwa achitarisirwa.

3) Neonatal jaundice kwakaratidzwa nokuda umbishi chiropa uye nekusagona neutralize iri yakawanda bilirubin muropa. Kazhinji physiologic jaundice kuitwawo achangoberekwa pamazuva hwavo vokutanga uye anomhanya vhiki pashure pokuberekwa. Vakurumidze vacheche anoda zvakawanda nezvayo, nekuti izvi ndizvo kunonoka uye zvinotora inenge 1.5 mwedzi. Kana yellowing iri, unofanira kukumbira kuna chiremba.

4) Blockage of sebaceous mumasero. Kazhinji vana vachangoberekwa pamusoro mhuno, pahuma kana namatama vanogona kuzviona mapundu duku chena, havagoni kubatwa. Pashure pemavhiki mashomanana, zvose zvichapfuura woga.

5) Acne. Pakazopera mwedzi wokutanga upenyu hwemwana kuonekwe mapundu diki ine chena mumvuri kumeso. Izvi hakurevi kurapwa uye anoenda pashure mwero mahormone mumuviri mwana - muna 2-3 mwedzi. Kugeza uye kushandisa nhete paiva "Bepanten" 1 nguva muna 3 days - chinhu chete kuti anobvumirwa kuita panyaya iyi.

chirwere of achangoberekwa

Zvirwere neonatal nguva inogona rakakamurwa marudzi akawanda:

1) vachiberekwa zvirwere - zvirwere kuti munguva mudumbu mudumbu somugumisiro yokuwana kwakaomarara dzezvakatipoteredza zvinhu. zvirwere zvakadai dzinosanganisira:

- vachiberekwa nehepatitis mhando vachangoberekwa kunooneka pachayo iri chiitiko kuti vakanga mai vachirwara panguva kana pamberi nepamuviri;

- toxoplasmosis, izvo pachishandiswa katsi;

- cytomegalovirus chirwere;

- listeriosis (a achangoberekwa inogona utachiwana chirwere ichi panguva pamuviri, kuzvara kana mune vana dhipatimendi);

- vachiberekwa marariya;

- tiibhii;

- njovhera.

2) vachiberekwa malformations zvomukati uye nehurongwa:

- mwoyo chirwere, zvemapapu nemudumbu;

- vachiberekwa dislocation of hudyu;

- vachiberekwa clubfoot;

- vachiberekwa torticollis.

3) Makuvaro okushanda:

- skeletal zvinokuvadza;

- hypoxic nokuberekwa kunotevera.

Zvirwere zvakadai gwirikwiti uye rubella, vana musava utachiona muna neonatal nguva, sezvo amai pavanenge vakazvitakura uye pashure mwana, pamwe mukaka zvinovapa antibodies.

achangoberekwa dambudziko

neonatal nguva dambudziko - ndiyo kubereka kwemwana, ndima yake kubudikidza nokuberekwa wamai nzira.

Maererano vanachiremba, mwana kubereka kwacho ndiko kunzwisisa chaizvo uye kutsoropodza pachikuva.

Ziva zvikonzero zvinoverengeka chikuru kuti dambudziko iri riri achangoberekwa:

- vasiri. Somugumisiro, kuzvarwa kwomwana ari panyama vakaparadzaniswa naamai vake, ndiro kunetseka chikuru kwaari.

- The mbudzana opinda vasingazivi kwaari zvinhu zvoupenyu, apo zvose rakasiyana chii chaiva mudumbu (dzinogarisana, mhepo, tembiricha, chiedza, kushandura simba romugove hurongwa).

- Psychological zvikonzero. Aberekwa uye kuparadzana zvokunyama mwana kubva raamai nhaka mwana mwoyo uye rubatsiro.

Pakarepo pashure pokuberekwa mwana akararama nemhaka tinozvarwa unconditional hunenge (kufema, anomwa, kudzidzira kufamba, kuchengeteka uye rwakabata).

Table uremu pfuma achangoberekwa

Age, mwedzi	Weight, g	urefu	Head sekamufarenzi, masendimita
pashure pokuberekwa	3100-3400	50-51	33-37
1	3700-4100	54-55	35-39
2	4500-4900	57-59	37-41
3	5200-5600	60-62	39-43
4	5900-6300	62-65	40-44
5	6500-6800	64-68	41-45
6	7100-7400	66-70	42-46
7	7600-8100	68-72	43-46
8	8100-8500	69-74	43-47
9	8600-9000	70-75	44-47
10	9100-9500	71-76	44-48
11	9500-10000	72-78	44-48
12	10000-10800	74-80	45-49

Table achangoberekwa (uremu uye kukwirira) unotora anofungidzirwa avhareji yomwedzi nomwedzi yakakwirira uye uremu mu vacheche.