The Hondo First wayo muchinangwa paumbwe "kutambudzwa nzanga"

Mireniyamu yaitonga kwebasa raPapa Asati vakatsvaka kusununguka pasimba madzimambo Mutsvene hweRoma. Izvi investiture gakava yakaguma kukunda yeChechi. Chinzvimbo uye chinzvimbo Pope Gregory VII akatanga mukuru-pamwero kuchinja zvinhu ecclesial nokubatanidzwazve nezita raro Gregorian. Kudivi rimwe, papa akaedza hazvivaodzi vanhu kutsoropodzwa vafundisi uye kudzoka dzakazununguswa mukurumbira vemachechi kubudikidza pakatanga kusawana uye pakagadzwa itsva mirairo dzechitendero zvakaoma. chata. Ukuwo, papa vakaedza kudzora zvichioma kuwedzera kirasi landless (nokuti kodzero primogeniture) Knights. vanakomana muduku feudal madzishe, asimudzirwa udangwe vanhu nomunondo, iri "nguva bhomba" nzanga. Chakaziviswa "Mazuva Rugare rwaMwari" - inorambidza kuita akavhiyiwa zvechiuto pane mamwe mazuva - kwete zvakakwana kuponesa zvinhu. zvinhu izvi - chido kusimbisa nokupfugamira vafundisi uye mukanyiwa guru zororo varume nezvombo - uye vakagadzirira kushingirira wokutanga.

Pashure itirana kutukwa vakatsinhanisa pakati Pope uye Patriarch weConstantinople muna 1053, vose Chechi pakupedzisira vakaparadzirwa. Zvisinei, kana Seljuk vokuTurkey vavamba Byzantine Empire, basil Aleksey I Komnin akabvunza pamadzimambo Western Europe rubatsiro zvechiuto. dambudziko Uku Byzantium kwazvo mumaoko kwebasa raPapa. Unogona kungotuma mhiri kwemakungwa ane guru chivalry hombe, asiwo kusimbisa reChechi, dzinotungamirirwa ari Hondo First. Asi nekuda kwaizvozvi zvakafanira kutendeuka zvake yokunyika kunetsana pamusoro penyika munzvimbo hondo tsvene Mutsvene neguva. Zvisinei, kuva musoro pokurwa, kungoita German muchechi Henry IV uye Philip I wokuFrance, zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti unokosha zvouMwari monyorora.

Kusvikira panguva iyoyo, Chechi anonzi chivi kuponda uye hondo chivi chinhu, kana kanenge muduku zvakaipa. Zvino pamberi paro paiva dambudziko rinonzi "chena dema" uye kuita zvikuru zvakananga ropa. Achishandisa mufananidzo Zvakazarurwa kuti kudzvinyirira remutumwa mukuru uye ngirozi wehondo hondo kwaAntikristu, weRoma kwebasa raPapa akatanga kutaura vakarurama hondo. Sezvo mumatsutso 1095 mu Clermont (zvino Clermont-Ferrand muFrance) pamusoro chechi kanzuru naPapa Urban II akazivisa Hondo First sacralized. Zvino veshoko dzatinogona kutaura ichi kuti nokunyima upenyu zvakaipa, chero yokuuraya haina kuita, asi nekusiyana, pane yokupedza nayo zvakaipa.

Crusading hondo vachiri munzira kuenda Holy Land kwakapfuura pamwero pogroms uye kubatwa Jerusarema muna 1099 kwakaita kuti vakawanda kuti, maererano Kuyeuka Chartres Fulco, "Tsoka dzake dzakanga achinyatsotaurira muropa apondwa vakadzi uye vana muzvitsitsinho." Uye pamusoro zvose izvi Nokutinhira kuchema wehondo "muKristu", "Izvi zvinofadza Mwari!". Mushandirapamwe uyu akashandura nheyo Ages vanhu. Akatanga zvishoma nezvishoma mumatope nzira chinenge pevatongi "yavose kusunga", nomazvo R.Mura, kana nzanga rimwe kunze (akazivisa vavengi vaMwari), mamwe mapoka hwevanhu: vaJudha, vaitsoropodza chitendero, Orthodox, vaiva nemaperembudzi, etc. Zvakaoma kutaura chaizvoizvo vakawanda muHondo sei, nekuti havasi vose vari pamutemo vakazivisa kwebasa raPapa (kwaiva 8), uye chete vakafemerwa mharidzo.

Chimwe chinhu ndechokuti vamwe: kubva nechisimba Mutsvene rokutanga nenyika kuurayiwa musi anoudza yeRoma Katurike somuvengi, haasisina vaitirei chivi, asi chikuru rechitendero simba. Muzana XIII remakore, apo Hondo yokutanga mundima echiKristu rakaparidzirwa (Albigensian) shiviriro akanzi chivi. Panguva IV Lateran Council muna 1215, Pope Innocent III akataura vavengi Ishe schismatics, kureva vaKristu Orthodox. Uye muna 1232 Gregory IX akadana zvakanaka vaKaturike kusona kuyambukira uye kundorwa Novgorod uye muPskov. The pokurwa akaramba kusiyanisa kubudirira kubva 1232 kusvika 1240 gore, apo Hondo Lake Peipus muna April 1242 (ainzi Battle of Ice) haana kugumisa kuti Zvinotaurwa kwebasa raPapa reRoma pamusoro East necheSalvic nyika. Zvakaoma kufungidzira zvichaitika necheSalvic avanhu, kana muHondo kuRussia kwakaguma zvakasiyana, nokuti nzombe yake (12.09.1237 makore) Gregory IX anokurudzira Dzorudzidziso utsinye "iznichtozhat vavengi vemuchinjikwa."