The Faces Vakawanda molybdenum rinoshandiswa apo, zvivako, utachiona muchinangwa muviri womunhu

Chemistry ndiyo hwaro hwedu. All zvinhu yakafuka anoumbwa Periodic table zvinhu kubatana. miniti ose muvanhu tawirwa transformations dzakaoma chokuita makemikari. Munyaya ino uchadzidza pamusoro resimbi akadai molybdenum apo zvinoshanda, zvivako zvayo uye basa iri mumuviri womunhu.

We yakawanda yokunyatsoongorora munhoroondo

Zvicherwa kuva kwayo Zvinoumba molybdenum, zvaizivikanwa muGirisi yekare. Avo dzinongoitika yeimwe vane mamiriro rakafanana graphite. Saka rinoshandiswa pamwe naye kuti pave kutungamirira. Molybdenite MoS₂ aiva ndachena rwegirini tint paainyora papepa. The maitiro kubwinya molybdaena zita rake akapiwa - ". Akafanana kutungamirira"

Carl Wilhelm Scheele akaongorora chaakawana synthesized trioxide MoO₃, asi nokuda kushaya zvakakodzera muvira asingakwanisi adzikunure simbi yakachena chimiro. Yonsu Jakob Berzelius akabudirira 1817 gore kuwana molybdenum oxide kupora kubudikidza kwete marasha uye rehydrogen. Chakaita zvokugadzirwa chaikosha rave vainyatsoongorora uye chinorondedzerwa mabasa musayendisiti.

mumuviri ehupfumi

Chii molybdenum? Ichi chiedza pfumbu simbi iyo zvayo yakachena muchimiro husingakwanisi oxidation (pasi kwomuzvarirwo ezvinhu). With tembiricha kuwedzera kune 400-600 madhigirii, kugona ichi ipfupi uye kuumbwa trioxide MoO₃.

Molybdenum kovok ductile ndobva kaviri nokuchengetedza. Metal Density 10.2 g / ^cm3, utsotso pfungwa 2620 ⁰S achibika - 4800 ⁰S. Kubva nhamba idzi zviri pachena kuti zviri zvikuru tugoplavok. Kuvapo kabhoni, senitrogen kana nesafuri netsvina sei mumuviri ehupfumi, kunyanya mashoko acho inova kusimba uye haungatani kuputsika. Molybdenum iri paramagnetic. With kuwedzera rayo tembiricha simba iri zvikurusa.

Natural molybdenum remubatanidzwa kuwana

Zvinofanira kuzivikanwa kuti molybdenum hauwanikwi yakaisvonaka chimiro, zviri chipo zvakasikwa chete yeimwe nevamwe zvinhu. Wakanaka simbi tigutsikane ari goko 3 ∙ 10 ^-4%. Pane zvicherwa anenge 15, iyo Zvinonyanyozivikanwa:

• disulfide mos ₂ - molybdenite;
• CaMoO ₄ - powellite;
• PbMoO ₄ - wulfenite.

minda yeimwe izvi Main zvine chokuita ne dzinotsanagura deposition mune hydrothermal zvinyorwa.

In maindasitiri zvinangwa iri zvikaramba molybdenum disulfide maatomu akafanana. Chikumbiro Its kunokosha zvikuru kuti tigamuchire akachena simbi. Izvi zvinoitika kuburikidza vapfume pamusoro ores kuburikidza flotation. Saka ndawana Kuisa pfungwa pachinhu chimwe, iyo vakabva pasi calcination.

2MoS ₂ + 7O ₂ = 2MoO ₃ + 4Saka ₂

Nyayawo uye Yakanatswa oxide ipfupi pamwe yakaoma rehydrogen rukova ari tembiricha kuti 700 inegumi. The kuita chigadzirwa ari guruva rinopfumburwa molybdenum. Munguva yemberi zvinogona kushandiswa yakachena chimiro kana ave mashoko vanoumba iri rinopfungaira uye kuumbwa nyaya.

Kugadzirwa chiwanikwa simbi

Ferrous simbi anoshandisa molybdenum upfu fuma. Aripiko richishandiswa? Nokuti alloying steels vakakandira simbi. Kuwedzera chaikosha ichi alloys substantially kunonatsiridza unhu hwavo. Inosimudzira elasticity, abrasion nemishonga, rova kuramba. The STRUCTURAL hwendarira awedzera anenge 0.5% molybdenum, tsanga yakanaka anova yunifomu uye ichi chivako kwavo, akaderedza brittleness chokupedzisira zvigadzirwa.

Kuwedzera zvimwe zvinhu kunoita kuti vawane chaiwo nziyo dziri zvinowanzoshandiswa maindasitiri akasiyana-siyana. Alloys, izvo zvinosanganisira cobalt uye nickel (50-60%) uye chromium (vanenge 20-28%) iri doped nokuwedzera molybdenum. Apo kwakadaro zvinhu rinoshandiswa? Mhinduro iri chaiyo ehupfumi ayo - mukuru kupisa nemishonga. Rinoshandiswa nenzira zvaAtemisi zvikamu ndege uye chombo casing.

Kushandisa alloys pamwe molybdenum

Nokuwedzera molybdenum kuti niobium, titanium nedzimwe simbi kunowedzera Ultra kupisa kuramba chiwanikwa. sezvamunoita izvozvi zvinogona kushandiswa pave nhengo gasi turbines uye combustion makamuri chitundumuseremusere.

Munguva alloys pamwe yakawanda molybdenum (17-28%) yakawedzera ngura nemishonga. Vanoita kunyange kutya kusakarongeka chero asidhi (kunze Zvakanaka hf).

The refractory zvivako zviri molybdenum uye kushandiswa kwayo mukusika chaiyo pombi vari zvikuru muna renyukireya nesimba indasitiri. zvinogadzirwa zvakadai vanokwanisa withstanding lithium yakanyungudutswa. It anoita basa coolant iri uranium exchange reactors. Kunze, kuti molybdenum ari Mo-99 isotope akawana kushanda sezvo nechiidzo ari indasitiri yenyukireya.

Nokuda infusibility molybdenum kwazviri kusika anoumba okuumbisa zvikamu zvakagadzirwa nemhangura, aruminiyamu uye zinc. runoita yakakwirira simba simbi pezvakaitwa pasi kumusoro kumanikidzwa.

Haya uye punching, kushanda

Kubva blanks yaunganidzwa kubvunda madota, berekai akakungurutsa zvigadzirwa - pematanda uye waya. Zvinosanganisira yakachena chesimbi molybdenum kodzero. Kupi vakadaro zvigadzirwa anoshandiswa? Kakawanda rinoshandiswa mune zvaAtemisi thermocouples iyo inoshandiswa kuyera kutonhora zvinopfuura 2000 ⁰C. Nezvikokovonho cores kuti ichitenderera tungsten filament ari incandescent girobhu racho riri rakagadzirwa molybdenum waya. Kuisa pakati cathodes uye tichifunga electrodes vari X-ray sepombi uye generating sepombi vanofanira kuva akavimbika uye zvinodiwa soro refractory simbi. Zvinangwa izvi, zvakakwana wakanyatsokodzera molybdenum Rental.

Pematanda uye mahwendefa zvinoshandiswa panzvimbo electrodes padunhu-utsotso yamavira. Vanofanira kuiswa svikiro chaiyo rinosanganisira argon, rehydrogen, kana Vacuum. Nokuda kuti molybdenum asingadi kupinda girazi mu nemakemikari, izvozvo rinoshandisirwa kuti mukugadzira zvikamu melter.

Mafomu dzimwe maindasitiri

Molybdenum wakawana chikumbiro mumafuta indasitiri. Ikoko rinoshandiswa sezvo anowedzera anogona kunatsa zvigadzirwa kubva nesarufa tsvina. Aluminum anotsanangura lubricants kugadzirwa disulfide. Ivo pakudzikamisa kushanda siyana mano uye kudzivirira pemvura pamusoro zvokuimba kukuvadzwa panguva pamatunhu tembiricha. It ane mafuta yakadaro uye anticorrosive zvivako.

In anogadzira zvinhu pendi, umo rinoshandisirwa uye molybdenum oxides, vakawana pigments kuramba yero-Orange kwerima guru. Kwetunhu hazvizivi fibers uyewo inopfuura pasina fuma. Kuti kuwedzera senitrogen zviri ivhu vakashandisa microfertilizer, izvo zvinosanganisira molybdenum.

Basa molybdenum mumuviri

Molybdenum anopiwa basa rinokosha mumuviri womunhu. It rinobatanidzwa kwetunhu Chizenga, senitrogen uye purine muviri. Ko basa Absorção de Água yedare vhitamini C, mumwe antioxidant simba. Microelement ane onkoprotektornyh, rejuvenating mugumisiro.

Foods akapfuma molybdenum - iri bhinzi uye zviyo, vachiwaridza miriwo. The zvaida Huwandu zvisaririra chaikosha anopinda muviri zuva nezuva, kana iwe udye zvakanaka. kwokushaya Its unogona kuzadzwa kushandisa chicherwa zvivako.