The chokuwanziridza pamusoro nemavhairasi muchitokisi

Zviduku utachiona-siyana zvinotapukira vanonzi wanda. Vane intracellular tupukanana.

kupararira nemavhairasi

All kupfuura yakakurumbira munyika zvinokonzerwa noutachiona pamwe tupukanana izvi. Vanokwanisa kukanganisa zvose zvipenyu zvose, kusanganisira majemusi. Vanenge 80% vose zvirwere kuti chokuita munhu, zvinokonzerwa nemavhairasi. Kune zvinopfuura 10 Mapoka makuru kuti vari pathogenic kuti muviri.

Asi mavhairasi haagoni kuva nengozi tenzi wake. Zvikasadaro, zvinogona kutungamirira wakakwana kunyangarika nomupi Muviri, saka, richaparadzwa, uye causative nomumiririri chirwere. Asi simba uye mavhairasi hazvigoneki. Kana rokuzvidzivirira newewo pachava nokukurumidza pahondo muviri, vachanyangarika somunhu rudzi. It zvinowanzoitika kuti zvigare izvi vane hondo mukati yavanogara kuroorwa, kwete kuendesa matambudziko matsva, uye pathogenic migumisiro panguva imwe chete pane zvimwe zvisikwa zvipenyu.

Ivo zviwande kubudikidza kubereka. Izvi zvinoreva kuti pakutanga vachitamba zvavo nucleic acids nemapurotini. Zvino akasika kubva zvinoumba yaipiwa pamwe wanda.

Forms uye nzira chirwere virions

Tisati kunzwisisa sei utachiwana kuberekana rinowanikwa muchitokisi, zvinokosha kunzwisisa kuti inoramba izvi pasi. Somuenzaniso, pane zvirwere kuti kupararira chete yevanhu. Izvi zvinosanganisira, gwirikwiti, herpes, uye yokuSpain aoma. Vari chakasvitswa nokudyidzana mukuzarurirwa kuenda neherikoputa mumate.

Enteroviruses, reoviruses, adenoviruses kupinda muviri kuburikidza chikafu. Noutachiona, semuenzaniso, HPV anogona kuva zvakananga kwaaita munhu (zvose mumhuri uye pabonde). Asi pane dzimwe nzira chirwere. Somuenzaniso, dzimwe mhando rhabdovirus dzinogona kubatwa kuburikidza kuruma ropa-yakayamwa nezvipembenene.

Anosangana uye parenteral nzira chirwere. Somuenzaniso, kuzvimba chiropa B utachiona vanogona kupinda muviri kuburikidza maoparesheni, mazino dzokuvhiya, ropa, pedicure kana manicure.

Usakanganwa pamusoro hunyambiri kupararira zvirwere. Panyaya iyi, kuti amai chirwere panguva yepamuviri ari mudumbu ari sei.

Description utachiwana

Kwenguva refu pamusoro causative vaishandira zvirwere zvakawanda kutongwa chete pahwaro pathogenic migumisiro iri muviri. Ona izvi utachiona masayendisiti vakatendeuka chete kana Erekitironi maikorosikopu yagadzirwa. Zvadaro takazoziva kuti chokuwanziridza pamusoro wanda.

Utachiona uhwu akasiyana chaizvo kukura. Vamwe vavo akafanana pakukura muduku utachiona. Duku pedyo kukura kusvika puroteni mamorekuru. Yokuyeresa vachishandisa zvimiso ukoshi - nanometer, izvo zvakaenzana imwe millionth mumwe millimeter. Vanogona kubva 20 kusvika anoverengeka zana nanometers. Chitarisiko, ndivo zvakafanana tsotso, balls, cubes, tambo, polyhedra.

Zvinoumba tusingaoneki

Kuti tinzwisise kuti chokuwanziridza kuti nemavhairasi kunoitika mumasero, zvinokosha kunzwisisa sezvamunoita yavo. Simple utachiona ine nucleic acids nemapurotini. Pakazoti wokutanga zvinoriumba ndiye mutakuri magene mashoko. Zvinosanganisira mumwe chete mhando nucleic asidhi - izvo zvingava DNA kana RNA. mutsauko ichi uye yakavakirwa kupatsanura yavo.

Kana nemavhairasi vari intracellular zvinoumba chipenyu hurongwa, zviri kwavari, ivo inert nukleproteinami inonzi virions. fanira zvinoriumba ravo mapurotini. Asi zvakasiyana nokuti mifananidzo akasiyana-wanda. Nokuda kwaizvozvi havagoni kucherechedza uchibatsirwa chaiyo masoja mhinduro.

Masayendisiti akawana kwete chete nemavhairasi nyore, asi zvikuru kunzwisisa nemamiriro muviri. sezvamunoita kwavo Angasanganisira lipids, makabhohaidhiretsi. Nerimwe boka nemavhairasi ane yakasiyana anoumba kwemafuta, mapuroteni, makabhohaidhiretsi, nucleic acids. Vamwe vavo vane kunyange makemikari.

Kutanga nedanho kubereka

Nemavhairasi vanoonekwa kuti Mhedziso tupukanana. Havagoni kurarama kana vasingagari kukuvadza. Zvavakaita pathological kunobva pakuti, kubudikidza maberekero vauraya masero, izvo zvinowanikwa.

Tinonzwisisa kuti izvi zvinogona kuva, kana isu funga muudzame sei microorganism anopinda muchitokisi, uye kuti zvinoitika pashure peizvi. Virions inogona kufungwa somunhu PARTICIPLE rine DNA (kana RNA) akanyudzwa imwe puroteni mumuhara. Virus kubereka kunotanga chete pashure microorganism wanamatira muchitokisi parusvingo, ayo yeplasma membrane. Zvinofanira kunzwisiswa kuti mumwe virion anogona chete kubatanidzwa mamwe masero, vane zvakananga receptors. Mune imwe keji anobvumawo mazana utachiona inoramba.

Zvadaro, muitiro anotanga viropeksisa. Sero pacharo kuminyuka nechomukati adherent virions. Chete ipapo anotanga "nokutorera" kweutachiwana. Tiine zvaisanganisira sero enzayemu yakaoma soluble mapuroteni nguo utachiwana uye akasunungura nucleic acid. Zviri pamusoro sero migero kunoitika paro kana anoramba ari cytoplasm. Acid ndiye kwete chete nokuda chokuwanziridza pamusoro nemavhairasi, asiwo avo enhaka maitiro. Own muviri mumasero iri woutsinye, zvose mauto akatumirwa kuti kusika itsva utachiwana zvinoriumba.

gadzira sezvamunoita

A nucleic asidhi kweutachiwana integrates kupinda sero DNA. Inside vari kutanga kusika akawanda makopi nemavhairasi DNA (RNA), zvaitwa vachibatsirwa polymerases. Vamwe rekuUnited nezvimedu kusungira kune ribosomes Ibid inopfuura kwetunhu nemavhairasi mapurotini matsva.

Kamwe vanoverengeka nemavhairasi zvinoriumba zvakakwana kunge vaunganidza, murwiyo muitiro kuchatanga. Parinopfuura pedyo sero masvingo. Chaizvoizvo Its iri pakuti zvinoumba pakati virions itsva aunganidzwa. Uye zvinopfuura mashoko chokuwanziridza pamusoro wanda.

Sechikamu rekuUnited virions vanogona kuzviona tudonhwe masero mavakanga vagere. Kazhinji pfungwa inotungamirwa wavo chinoguma yokuti vari Yakatifukidza Narwo muchitokisi Kamudzira rukoko.

rutoto Chirongwa

Panongotanga murwiyo kwacho, kuti nemavhairasi vachisiya muridzi yavo yepakutanga. Kuvakwa mwana mashizha uye anotanga kukanganisa masero matsva. utachiwana chokuwanziridza anotora nzvimbo zvakananga masero. Asi ivo vari kuguma Vanoparadzwa zvachose kana yapera sousingabatsiri.

Yekutapurira masero matsva, nemavhairasi vari kutanga kuwanda mazviri. kubereka kutenderera inodzokororwa. Nzira achaitwa vakasikwa muitiro chokupinda virions, kunoenderana boka nemavhairasi inoenderana. Somuenzaniso, enteroviruses vanoonekwa ne chokwadi kuti vari nokukurumidza asunungurwa kupinda zvakatipoteredza. Asi herpes nevasori, reoviruses, orthomyxoviruses enda sezvo achikura. Usati kufa, dzifambe kuburikidza wandei Zvinonzi kubereka kwakadaro. Panyaya iyi, masero vari kwezvinoshandiswa kupfuma.

kuongorora chirwere zvirwere

Propagation mabhakitiriya uye mavhairasi mune dzimwe nguva vaine chokwadi chokuti nezvimedu vari utachiona vanogona kuunganidza mukati masero sekiristaro zvichiumba zvisumbu. Nyanzvi kuvadaidza usanganidzo miviri.

Somuenzaniso, muna yokuSpain, chibhokisi kana chimbwamupengo masumbu yakadaro inowanikwa iri cytoplasm nemasero. Kana chitubu-zhizha encephalitis navo anowanikwa neerekitironi mune zvimwe zvirwere, vangava pano uye ikoko. Nyaya iyi inoshandiswa rokuongorora zvirwere. Zvakakosha mune iyi uye kwainoenda nemavhairasi kuberekana rikurumidze.

Semuenzaniso, kana munhu denderedzwa kana dzeraundi hurongwa ari mumasero epithelium, kutaura chibhokisi. Tsitoplazmoticheskie kuunganidza mumasero muuropi anoratidza hasha.

utachiwana kupararira nzira rakanyatsojeka. Pakutanga, virions kupinda mukati kwavari masero akakodzera. Zvadaro anotanga muitiro achisunungura nucleic acids, uye kutanga "varara" yemberi zvikamu pathogenic tusingaoneki. kubereka kwacho kwapera zvokuti akapedza virions itsva kuti vaende zvakatipoteredza. Enough kuputsa ichitanga mumwe nzendo, kusvikira chokuwanziridza pakati nemavhairasi yakamiswa kana vakatanga kubudisa chakaremara vana.