The categorical inotodiwa - muchikwata chikuru Kant kwakaita tsika

Immanuel Kant - muzivi wokuGermany of XVIII remakore, ane basa rave revolutionized boka raivapo panguva iyoyo yokuti zivo uye mutemo, tsika aesthetics, uyewo vanhu zvinomiririra. Huru Pfungwa yake kwouzivi yetsika yokuti - the categorical inotodiwa.

Zvinonzi kutaurwa basa rake kwouzivi zvikuru "nekuongorora Rokufunga Ruyamuro". Kant criticizes dzetsika, iyo yakavakirwa utilitarian pokutanga uye mitemo yezvinhu zvakasikwa, kudzingirirana pachake zvakanaka uye mafaro, zvaisazogona uye manzwiro akasiyana. netsika kwakadaro akasarangarira venhema, Zvisinei, zviri zvachose nounzenza nokuti murume zvakakwana nyanzvi chero basa uye nokudaro Anonakidzwa, angava.

Kant kwakaita categorical inotodiwa (kubva muchiLatin «imperativus» -. Imperious) - iri kuda izvo anoda zvakanaka nokuda yakanaka, uye kwete nokuda zvimwe, uye ane chinangwa pachako. Kant anozivisa kuti munhu anofanira kuita kuti chiito chake aigona kuva mutemo vanhu vose. Chete zvakasimba perceivable yetsika basa kuti hana yake anoita kuti vazvibate mutsika. basa iri kuteerera zvose pfupi uye voga zvavanoda uye zvavanofarira.

Categorical inotodiwa kwakasiyana dzinongoitika mutemo kuti haisi wokunze uye yomukati tichigombedzerwa "yakasununguka kuzvidzora nekurovererwa." Kana chikwereti kwokunze - ndiko zvaidiwa mitemo uye pasi ehurumende kuti mitemo yezvinhu zvakasikwa, tevere yetsika kukosha chete "mumhuri mutemo".

The inotodiwa yetsika kubva Kant - a categorical, kurerutsa uye mhedziso. Moral basa kuteverwa nguva dzose, nguva dzose uye kwose kwose, pasinei nemamiriro ezvinhu. Mutemo netsika kuti Kant, haafaniri kuva neshungu chinangwa chipi zvekunze. Kana vaimbova Ethics pragmatic zvabuda-zvinangwa, zvinobatsira kuti ichaunza, kana chiito, Kant anodana kusiya mugumisiro zvachose. Ukuwo, muzivi kunoda yakaoma mafungiro uye inosiya chipi kuyananiswa zvakanaka uye zvakaipa, kana zvimwe zvenguva siyana pakati pavo, kana ari mutambi kana nezviito ake havagoni kuva duality, muganhu pakati kunaka uye mutevedzeri pachena, zvakananga, yakatsiga. Tsika muna Kant rinobatanidza nepfungwa naMwari, uye ake categorical inotodiwa mukati zvinoreva pedyo nevatambi okutenda: kwenzanga apo tsika chitonge nyama upenyu, ndiyo-soro tichitarisa yechitendero, dariro kukura vanhu. Kant anopa ichi akanaka empirically kuona chimiro. In zvichiratidza ake nezvetsika, uyewo pamusoro nevezvematongerwo enyika, anova pfungwa "runyararo kusingaperi", iro kunobva upfumi upenzi hondo uye zviri pamutemo ayo chipingaidzo.

Georg Hegel, muzivi wokuGermany pamusoro XIX remakore, pasi zvikuru kutsoropodzwa categorical inotodiwa, achiona utera yake kuti ari chokwadi kunyimwa zvose zvaanoreva: basa Zvakakodzera kuzadzisa yebasa, uye chii chikwereti ichi hachina kuzivikanwa. In Kant kuti maitiro, hazvibviri sezvineiwo tsanangurai uye vanokurondedzera.