Technical uye forensic kuongorora magwaro. A forensic hwokugadzira kuongorora magwaro

Technical uye forensic kuongorora magwaro ari kudzidza kuti basa kuziva uchapupu zvitupa nemidziyo kugadzirwa kwavo. chinhu ichi kunokwanisika achishandisa ruzivo chaiyo uye unyanzvi wefizikisi, kemisitiri, engineering zvokushandisa pacharo.

tsvakurudzo zvivako

Apo akagadzwa hwokugadzira uye forensic kuongorora zvinyorwa, zvinotevera mapepa vari wamaka:

1. Zvinhu izvo zvavari zvakaitwa.
2. Tehsredstva nokuti mashoko.
3. Documents.
4. Tehsredstva nokuti apedza dzavo.
5. Products iyo inoshandiswa kuchinja kugutsikana.
6. Other zvinhu tarisa ne nzira.

mabasa

Kuitisa kuongororwa forensic iri dzakanangana nekugadzirisa zvinotevera mabasa:

1. Zvitupa. Panguva iyoyo zvakanga aiziva munhu yakadhindwa rugwaro achiongorora zvinhu uye zvokuvakisa, akasimbisa hwokugadzira nzira inoshandiswa uye kuburitswa zvikamu magwaro.
2. Kupatsanura. The chinhu ari zvakaongororwa kuva imwe boka.
3. Chirwere. It achaongorora sezvo uye kana pepa unoitwa kana kwave kuchinja kwariri, uye epakutanga akatsunga.

Pamwechete michina nzira itsva gadzira uye nzira yaikura counterfeiting. Inokudziridza wo hwokugadzira uye forensic kuongorora magwaro.

Kudzidza siyana

Forms - iri yakashongedzwa uye anodzivirirwa bepa machira Akave nokuvandudza mashoko kudhinda kana zvimwe nzira.

Hurumende kuchengetedzeka, pane zvinodiwa. Uye mune zvebhizimisi turnover yandakafuka zvandakatonga navo maererano. Forms zvinodiwa kunzwisisa kunobva - musangano. Ivo vakaitwa kudhinda, apo murayiro mumwe nomumwe vakaverengwa uye kudzokororwa. Blanks pamwe chiratidzo kuita makambani chete okudhindira kuti vakapiwa zvakakodzera rezinesi kuti ishande.

Fakes vakasiyana, zvichienderana paumbwe mupfuri wenhumbi, unyanzvi uye Kuwanikwa michina. Somuenzaniso, mashoko anogona kuitwa. Zvadaro zvinoonekwa Kutsauka, gogonera zvikamu pakati pemitsara uye vatambi. Kana uri okudhindira yakakwirira, pane vanomutswa muenzaniso, thickening rukoko kusiyana rwezuva uye zvichingodaro. Planographic kudhinda mifananidzo akaperekedza kutsauka kukura mabhii kubva yechokwadi chimiro, kujeka, akasasa mitsetse uye zvichingodaro.
Kana vakatapwa forensic forensic kuongororwa, pamwe chete nomuedzo zviridzwa zvinopa yepakutanga ivhu pamwe chete zvokudhinda mundiro uye akarayira iroro Typography, pasi chete nhamba. Vari zvichienzaniswa pakuonekwa zvose, hwaro pairi kuzochera mhedziso.

Maererano ano mitemo akadhindwa zvigadzirwa ane zvinotevera chibatiso zvinhu:

• rakasiyana nhamba;
• Watermark;
• chinokosha faibha;
• luminescence pamwe ultraviolet chiedza;
• chinokosha kudhindwa;
• nechekumashure afoot vaviri mavara;
• adzivirire shinda;
• kudzivirirwa ruvara photocopying.

Revai nyepera, nderechokwadi document riri anogadzirwa okudhindira kambani, hazvikubatsiriyi. Naizvozvo, yaiwanzoshandiswa nzira simulation. Izvi zvinoreva kuwana migumisiro kuti nehanya akafanana nezvaishandiswa pamusoro chimiro, asi akaita nevamwe ruzivo.

Kutsvakurudza pakati zvikamu uye inoratidza

chidhindo - mufananidzo papepa, chinoitwa zvokuimba clichés chikumbira kuvimbisa nderechokwadi.

Pachivanhu Prints nyepera sezvinotevera:

• drawing;
• kubereka akatema nematehwe, rabha, linoleum kana ikanyanya;
• nokuda kuridza runhare tsamba okudhindira;
• kushandisa perekopirovki.

Nyepera bepa, achirova rinodhindira uye mune dzimwe nzira. Kakawanda, hwokugadzira uye forensic kuongorora magwaro anoratidza kushandiswa kwezvigadzirwa zvemazuva ano kuti rinoshandiswa uye chepakutanga gadzira. Kuziva kupa kubva 10 kusvika 20 rinodhindira.

Chitsotsi ane siginicha rinoitwa nokushandisa nesitiroko kana rupawo. Zvichienderana Implementation zvinogona kuonekwa:

• Anobata ose kabhoni;
• chechienzi nzvimbo pamusoro mutsetse;
• kusiyana noruvara nokurova;
• dzegirini;
• hwatsvuka uye ungaderedza Kufambisa;
• zvakatarisana nokuputsa;
• smudges;
• clots uye zvakawanda.

Zvimwe zvinyorwa, overprint uye erasure

Inoisa munhu dopisok kana dopechatok muri kuwedzera tsamba, mashoko, chinyorwa, kana chero zviratidzo. Huru zviri hazvisi:

• Runyoro musiyano kukura, yakatenuka mabhii, placement;
• achiisa paminda, kumicheto pemitsara;
• musiyano ingi.

Zvakawanda zvinoitwa mechanically - achibvisa kana tichibvisa. Zviratidzo iyi vari:

• rumplessness bepa, duku pakukora, zvaparadzwa unodzivirira afoot, kunyangarika Gloss;
• kungoda mitsetse orugwaro kuti aimbova.

Replacement machira uye mapikicha

Independent forensics anokwanisa kusiyanisa yaitsiva rimwe jira kana wandei zvinotevera zviri:

• siyana hukuru pamusoro machira;
• kungoda zvinodyiwa;
• bepa mimvuri.

Replacement mifananidzo actualize kuburikidza gluing pamwe nekutambira dorisovki rupawo, plywood pamwe richengetedzwe, mapepa emulsion rukoko iyo zvakabviswa anodhinda mufananidzo zvechokwadi. Rinogona kuona yokunyepedzera iri pasina rupawo, mismatch pamusoro Photo zvikamu uye chimiro, musiyano pakati arambe achirema kana kuvapo zvimwe zvinhu.

Pokugadzwa yepakutanga kugutsikana

Technical uye forensic kuzviongorora dare anokwanisa kupora vayambuka panze, kushambira uye smeary yakarekodwa. Akashandiswa munhu akaidza iyi kuziva uye kutsigira kusiyana zvokuvakisa, nawo akaisa chipingaidzo. Nokuti chinangwa ichi:

• Research mufananidzo, kana mutsauko kunoonekwa Somuenzaniso, imwe X-ray munda dzenzvimbo kana oblique mwaranzi;
• kungatonziwo ne kunyorova kana diffuse kukopa,
• ruvara Kuparadzana;
• dzimwe nzira.

Mibvunzo zvingasanganisira forensic uye playback rakabuda ruvara uye yadzima magwaro ari kuitwa mumuviri, zvemakemikari uye physicochemical nzira dzekugonesa musiyano pakati streaking uye pamusoro luminescence pachisara michini spectral nharaunda uye mumwe.
Dzimwe zvokusagadzirisika akapisa magwaro, desiccated, rakaitwa marasha, uye kazhinji kuputswa.

Pokugadzwa kukamurwa mukugadzira gwaro

The nyanzvi angava mubvunzo kuita akarekodwa nguva. Ichishanda ichi tisiyanise kwakakwana uye hama remoteness. Nenguva yakatarwa rokutanga, kana gwaro iri akambochera, uye yechipiri - kutevedzana kuti vakanyoresa mairi.

Panyaya iyi, Mhedziso remoteness kuzvimirira forensic bvunzo anoona zviratidzo chinozivisa chisingaperi pamusoro nguva (zvirimo, nemhaka magwaro, etc.) uye shanduka (zera akashandisa pastes kubva ballpoint zvinyoreso, ingi ndege yokudhinda, uye zvichingodaro. N.). Maererano kukamurwa hama, inozivikanwa: mu zvekufamba akatorwa kutanga kupinda rwezuva uye ipapo asaine gwaro, uye ipapo ndokutsika. Kana kuti iyi achishungurudzika, ipapo tinogona kutaura pamusoro installation. Mibvunzo yakadaro anodzidudzira forensic kuongorora. Moscow sezvo guru ndiyo nzvimbo tsvene-zvakakodzera. Asiwo mamwe maguta akabata kuzviongorora kwakadaro, kana zvichidikanwa.