Step Pyramid of Djoser Farao (mufananidzo)

Buildings chakavakwa asati auya yedu, haagoni haikukwezvi vachifarira ano revanhu. Dangwe risingazivikanwi hurongwa kuonekwa danho Pyramid, nekubatwa rakatangwa nokuda akitekiti Imhotep. chishamiso ichi akasikwa kare yechi27 remakore BC, uye akaita rakakura kudzidza mumwe mukuru kwenzanga. Chii chinozivikanwa pamusoro risingazivikanwi building, razova guva raFarao Djoser? Chii naye ngano uye zvine chokuita?

Step Pyramid - chii?

Vanyori venhau dzakaitika yakasimbiswa kuti murongedzeri Imhotep pakutanga aida kuvaka zvetsika rectangular guva. Zvisinei, sezvo basa murume uyu akaita kuchinja basa rako, tuso raiva danho piramidhi randinogara 6 siyana. kuvaka zita rinobva chimiro kuti awana.

Sei Imhotep kamwe akamira pamusoro akapindira chimiro? Vaongorori vanodavira kuti chisarudzo chacho vagara vandifungira zvakavanzika zvadzinoreva, izvo Ndiwo specimens akawanda mapurani yekare. Matanho kwairatidza pamukwidza kudenga, iyo, pashure pokufa vaifanira mutongi simba weIjipiti.

Step Pyramid - kuvaka iyo inogona kuyemurwa kwete chete munyika African. Excellent akachengetedzwa ndezvaJehovha ichi mhando kuvakwa, iri Central America. Kunyange zvakadaro, guva raFarao Djoser aiva wokutanga uye saka ichingova rakasiyana.

nzvimbo

Ancient uchikwezvwa nerimwe gore chinokwezva zviuru zvevashanyi vari kuziva sei kuti kwairi. Step Pyramid, yakavakwa Imhotep, iri "mwoyo" wamarinda kunzwisisa pakati Saqqara. Kuwedzera inonyatsozivikanwa zvivakwa munharaunda yacho necropolis, unogona kuwana zvakawanda mutemberi diki uye nzvimbo. Inenge 30 km kubva Sakkara ndiro guta muIjipiti kuti El Giza.

Danho pyramidkuva raFarao Djoser cozily rakagumbatirwa pamupendero kwemupata. A nzvimbo guru magadzirirwo akasarudzwa musiki wayo haasi netsaona. Vaongorori vanodavira kuti Imhotep ainakidzwa chinoshamisa maonero ari Memphis. Zvinofadza kuti pamberi kuvakwa chivako ichi reIjipiti makuva madzimambo akanga riri chete mumusha, iyo yainzi Abydos.

Kusvika Saqqara chinonyanya nyore, kuita karwendo, kana vashanyi regai nepfungwa shoma nguva.

Chii chinozivikanwa pamusoro creators ari mapiramidhi?

Danho pyramidkuva raFarao Djoser immortalized mambo muIjipiti, hapana inokosha mubayiro kwemakore rokutonga kwake. Nokusingaperi akapinda nhoroondo uye musiki yakasiyana nedzimwe kuvakwa - Imhotep. Munhu uyu aiva musayendisiti generalist, vakashumira sezvo mushumiri mutongi weIjipiti.

Imhotep akakwanisa kuva mapurani wokutanga, ainzi pamabwendefa chifananidzo chamambo, iye vanotaurwa kwevafi yakaoma. History hawaizokwanisa zvakarurama kuisa panguva upenyu munhu uyu, uyewo nzvimbo yake yemakuva. Kusiya nyika ino, murongedzeri akanga anonamatwa, vomunguva azivikanwe mwari wemishonga. Kune chitendero zvivako yekare, zita pashure Imhotep, mumazuva ekare ivo akakwezva varwere molivshih achaporesa. Statuette of mapurani, panguva pane pakati Exhibits of Louvre.

kushandisa ibwe

Step Pyramid of Djoser pana Saqqara ndiye chivakwa rokutanga rwaro muIjipiti, pakuvaka iro rave richishandiswa ibwe. All Makuva yakavakwa kupiswa pamberi chitarisiko yevana Imhotep. Vazhinji vavo akanyangarika pamberi munguva yedu, sezvo mashoko acho haasi akakodzera kuti chinangwa ichi.

Asi regai tinongoita kuvimba mutungamiriri, vanoomerera pane chokwadi kuti ichi ndicho chokutanga guru ibwe mamiriro munyika. Kare, Cairn rakadzikwa French, maererano vaongorori, zera ayo ane makore anopfuura 6000.

zvokukura kuvakwa

Chakatishamisa danho Pyramid pana Saqqara, yakavakwa muna 4 mumatanho, iyo akavawo mhando nezvenhoroondo munyika yeIjipiti yekare. Pasinei mamiriro umo nhasi anogara design, dariro nomumwe wayo kuvakwa zviri nyore kutevedzera uye ikozvino. Izvi zvinogoneka nokuda akasiyana batira configuration makamuri uye tanera.

Nhoroondo asinganzwisisiki pakuvaka akatanga kusikwa rectangular guva. Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, mashoko namabwe vakashumira kwaari. Zvisinei, zvakazoitika haana kugamuchira Farao weIjipiti. Sezvo pfungwa ne vaongorori, dambudziko rakanga mwero kukura chacho. Danho rechipiri - zvibereko zveminda rectangular kuvakwa pakureba uye upamhi.

Step Pyramid - zvanzi chaiva chivakwa pachikuva rechitatu. Anowanikwa mamwe wedzera-Ons matatu, somugumisiro vakabata ari tiers mana. Farao akanga kamwe zvakare kugutsikana, saka guva richangobva kuwedzerwa VaGumbo maviri okumusoro tiers. Kushandisa zvisina kupiswa zvidhina, vaEgipita vakasagona makawana ichi. Hazvishamisi, kushandiswa ibwe pashure pakuvaka chepiramidhi pana Saqqara yave yakakurumbira.

hwokugadzira

Kukwirira mapiramidhi matanhatu rine anenge 60 mamita. Enzanisa chete chakarurama panguva building, izvo zvinosanganisira 16 uriri, haasi kupfuura 43 mamita. Mujinga Zvivako yakaitwa Djoser acharamba, kamwe kuverengwa 125 kusvika 115 metres. Kunorira zvakasikwa, izvo emakore rave pasi design, kuderedza saizi yayo.

sarudzo

Pachivanhu guva dzimba chete zvisaririra amadzimambo vechiIjipiti. Step Pyramid of Djoser, pikicha iyo unogona kuyemura munyaya ino, aiva echimurenga panyaya iyi. Construction vakatanga okupedzisira utiziro kwete chete mambo pachake, asi vana vake nevakadzi.

Historians vasingagoni kumisa nhamba chaiyo vamiririri imba youmambo, ane mapfupa vakasiyiwa mukati piramidhi pashure porufu. Chii chinozivikanwa ndechokuti paiva vanopfuura gumi nevaviri. An dzinonakidza kuwanikwa akanga zvangu, iri kumabvazuva. The kudzika kwadzo yavo 32 metres, apo kudzika huru mugodhi, vakatora mutumbi Kesari hachisi mamita anopfuura 28.

Vamwe vaongorori vanodavira kuti risingazivikanwi miseve dzakagadzirirwa revakadzi Djoser. Kana pfungwa ichi chizadzikiswe, zvinoita sokuti nhamba "vagari" Tomb zvinopfuura zana. Uyewo, pane vanhu vanotaura kuti mumigodhi zvaiva nzvimbo pfuma. Sezvineiwo, zvakaoma kuziva, sezvo kurwiswa pamusoro neguva ukoshi zvaigadzirwa kare.

pevhu tunnels

Pyramid of Djoser, akasika pasi pokutungamirira Imhotep, haisi nzvimbo inofadza kuti remba. Kamwe ari mugero, wakareba vari uwandu hwezvinhu zvose zvabatanidzwa. kwazvo 5.5 km haagoni kuwana pokubuda napo. Enzanisa: neguva Cheops tunnels kugara hapana anopfuura mazana mashomanana mamita.

Chii mukati?

Kazhinji, vafambi vasingakwanisi kuona mi- mapiramidhi kubva mukati, vanonzwa vanyengedzwa. Havazivi kuratidza mavara Pamifananidzo, hapana inoshamisa zvinyorwa. Step Pyramid of Djoser, mukati riri ikozvino zvakaoma kuwana pachako, chete regai kumanikidza vashanyi yenyu kuenda kuburikidza mwoyo kwakadaro.

Vashanyi vachange tinonakidzwa, kuwana pachavo vari peguva, masvingo ayo yakashongedzwa mavara usina kukonekita (green, tekoizi). The zvigadzirwa zvaishandiswa Ancient Egypt, nemaziso yakafanana usina kukonekita nhasi. Chokwadi, zvinhu ano zvakaoma dzakararama makore 4,600, ukuwo usina kukonekita zvakasikwa vekare vanhu, zviri zvakanaka vakachengetedzwa.

Ruchiri kukangaidza uye akajeka masvingo Bhanabhasi-reliefs, iyo inoratidza zvifananidzo zvavanamwari vechiIjipiti. Ivo achiripo mu nani ezvinhu kupfuura usina kukonekita, nokuti riri pamusoro pemvura girenayiti zvinogumbura. Zvakafukunurwa akabatsira zvikavengwa zvakasara sarcophagus kungova Farao simba. Uyezve, mukati unogona kuyemura nezvifananidzo mashanu rwakavakwa nyeredzi. VaEgipita panguva chiratidzo iri chokuita vakagara vakafa.

Unogonawo kuyeva matatu Bhanabhasi-rokuyamura mufananidzo pamwe Portraits pamusoro Zoser. The mutongi weIjipiti ichifananidzwa panguva yake zvinenge zvataurwa kuzvitendero, musoro waFarao korona korona chetsika.

Information nokuti vashanyi

Vamwe mwoyo ndiwo mamiriro, iyo zvino dzimba kuti Step Pyramid of Djoser. The mapurani yave vakakwanisa kusika hwakasimba kuvaka, dozhivshuyu kusvikira nhasi, asi mamiriro okunze uye vandals dambudziko zviito aiva chinokosha kwakabatsira ayo chitarisiko. Hazvishamisi wehurumende chepasi vakasununguka kupinda zvinokwezva. Parizvino pasi nzira rokuvakazve basa, saka shongwe kunoramba vakapoteredzwa rwemichinjiko.

Tichingotarisa, kuti ndione mukati remazera Djoser, zvichida. Izvi zvinoda mvumo Service Antiquities yeEgipita, asi achatora yakareba chaizvo nguva. Kushanyira Saqqara inowanika daily, kupinda munharaunda necropolis zvinogona kubva 8 kusvika 16 maawa. The anosiyiwa Mazuva iwayo, kana kunzwisisa rinovharwa inonzi zvinhu basa matongo. Saka, asati rwendo inofanira kujekesa kuti Saqqara nokuti vashanyi pari rakashama.

Kana uchizopa kuona mwana Imhotep pachake meso, hatigoni kukanganwa pamusoro okunze. Tipedze maawa mashomanana muzuva pasina zvakaoma chaizvo kutizira mukati meimba zvinobvira.