Shongwe London. History of Tower of London muLondon

Castle Tower London ndeimwe chikuru zvinokwezva zvenyika UK. Izvi haisi zvikuru mapurani Monument, chiratidzo kuti anopindura nzvimbo chinokosha munhoroondo Chirungu umambo.

nzvimbo

Ndiye Tower rokuLondon muLondon, on the River Thames. Uyu ndiwo mumwe zvivako ekare muEngland. Panguva yacho kare ari Tower yakanga nguva yokushanyira kumuzinda, nenhare, mutorongo, imwe Observatory, mhuka, chimwe chemindi, zvombo, dzigare mairi kuBritain korona zvishongo, uyewo nzvimbo rikwezve vashanyi vachiuya kubva pose.

kuvaka

Tower kweLondon yakavakwa mumatanho dzakawanda. Mujinga chivakwa nhoroondo rinoti King Wilhelm I, izvo pakarepo mushure kukunda British Land akatanga kuvaka kuzvidzivirira nematende kuti kutyisidzira vomunzvimbo. Sechikamu ichi chiitiko guru 1078, ari Tower rakadzikwa pamusoro nzvimbo imwe emapuranga nhare yekare. Yakanga yakakura rectangular nhare dzokurwa kukura 32h36 m, kukwirira 30 m. Pakafa William I inotevera mambo England akarayira kuvakwa pendi chena ruvara, pashure iyo kuvaka chainzi "White Tower". King Richard ari Lionheart zvimwe shongwe zvakakwirira siyana zvakavakwa nemasvingo simba, misara miviri runopoterera akakura marongerwo. Round Tower akanga akacherwa rakadzika, kuiita chimwe chezvinhu haripindiki masvingo mu Europe.

Famous vasungwa

Shongwe London akatora musungwa yokutanga muna 1100. Vakava Bishop Ralph Flambard, uyo, nenzira, pane imwe nguva akatora Zvinoshingaira pakuvaka wakakombwa. Life weChurch pasi zvechizarira inofadza chaizvo - akanga kwazvo mufurati, vainakidzwa yoga kudzidza, vakaravira inonaka kunwa uye ndiro. Zvisinei, mumwe musungwa akapukunyuka kubva Tower nekukurumidza, uchishandisa tambo, yaakapa ari chake chewaini. Mangwana musungwa, Griffin, ari Duke of Wales, akaiswa mujeri mumakore dzavarwi 150 uye akafa (yakadonha) apo kuedza kupukunyuka. Zvadaro kuwira disfavour vanhu rebhuruu ropa nguva nenguva inova musungwa Tower. Pane akashanyira madzimambo France uye Scotland (John II, Orleans Karl Jakobho uye Scots I) uye Vapristi uye vepamusorosoro madhigirii siyana uye mazita okuremekedza. The akakurumbira Castle yazova nzvimbo ne kuponda uye vaiurayiwa. Pane zvakaparadzwa machinda yokupara - a Edward V gore gumi okuberekwa uye mukoma wake Richard, kuurawa Korol Genrih VI.

Vasungwa muNzvimbo vakasununguka dzoga, kukamurwa rusununguko aigona kuva chinhu. Muvambi Pennsylvania muNorth America, Penn Uilyam, aiva Tower nemhaka yezvavanotenda uye akapedza mwedzi misere. The Duke pamusoro Orleans, Charles, akaiswa mujeri panhare kwemakore 25 refu uye akasiya pashure kubhadhara rudzikinuro yakakura naye. Reyli Uolter - Jinda, musayendisiti aiongorora - stints matatu mujeri, uye vaifarira nayo vakashumira kwamakore gumi. Akakura ari Castle Garden fodya uye ijeke zvinorwadza kusurukirwa nokunyorera munhu multi-mavhoriyumu "History of the World."

Matrimonial zvirongwa uye misiyano dzechitendero

Kwakavanzika nzvimbo rokutambudzikira muna Tower of London kwakatanga mushure accession kuti chigaro Henry VIII, vane chido kuva chepamutemo mugari wenhaka chaizvo akaita iye mumwe mukuru villains munhoroondo England. Henry akaputsa pamwe yeGirisi Roman Church, akaramba kuti kurambana rake mudzimai wake wokutanga, musoro chechipiri - Anne Boleyn, asingakwanisi kubereka iye mwanakomana, ndikabvisa saizvozvo maererano rechishanu - Govard Ketrin, uyewo hazvirevi kusangana ose ayo zvinodiwa. Panguva iyo mambo yakawanda nechinzvimbo chepamusoro vanhu vakaisa pasi hwavo vari Tower.

Edward VI, rinotevera mambo England, akava kukodzera mutsivi baba vake, uye haana skimp pamusoro rufu. Mwanasikana Henry VIII - Maria - aiva muKaturike uye varwa kuti wakachena kutenda, uyo aigona kuita pasina nezvibayiro ropa. Uyezve, chisimba munhu, kamwe pachigaro choushe, pakarepo musoro aikwikwidza yake huru mukurwa nokuti chigaro - gumi navatanhatu kubva Lady Jane Gray. vairatidzira Vazhinji vakaurayiwa paitonga Mary, asi inotevera Queen wokuEngland - Elizabeth - equalized uye zvinorwadza waitirwa kare chibharo wake Catholic. History of Tower of London rizere chisimba zvaisarudza pamusoro vakakurumbira vanhu vakaita zvinonyadzisa pane zvavanotenda.

Kuuraya uye kurwadziswa

zviuru zvakawanda vasungwa vakanga vari Tower. Zvisinei, varume vaviri chete nevakadzi vashanu vakanga paakavapa rukudzo riri musoro pamusoro munharaunda yakakurumbira wakakombwa. Zvitatu vanokudzwa ndivo vanamambokadzi: Dzheyn Gray (pachigaro choushe rwakatora mazuva mapfumbamwe), Ketrin Govard uye Anne Boleyn. Kuderera vasungwa vanokudzwa vakaurayiwa pedyo, panguva Tower Hill, apo akaunganidza dzakawanda mafeni kuti vachiurayiwa. Muviri chinhu akaurayiwa mhosva yaiva pasi kuvigwa munhare. Castle Tower rokuLondon chitoro mudzimba dzavo zvakasara 1,500 vasungwa.

Kurwadziswa vasungwa vari Tower rwaiitwa chete pamwe mvumo nezviremera. Saka, Gay Foks, tsotsi uyo akaedza kuridza dzimba Paramende, muna 1605, akanga ari shongwe pani. Izvi vakamumanikidza kuti mazita mazita kuurayiwa asati masterminds Gunpowder Plot.

Tower - nzvimbo mujeri munhau ichangopfuura

Kamwe pachigaro Chirungu choushe Charles II, Tower rokuLondon muLondon akapotsa haana kukasawedzerwa vasungwa. Okupedzisira kuurayiwa panguva Tower Hill kwakaitika muna 1747, asi yakakurumbira neshongwe yaiva mujeri, uye munguva dzazvino. Munyika War First, rakachengetedzwa akagumisa, uye ipapo akapfurwa vasori gumi German. Munguva yeHondo Yenyika II vasungwa vehondo vakabata munhare, pakati pavo pakange Rudolf Hess. Wokupedzisira munhu kuti aurayiwe munhare, akanga Jacob Joseph, akapomerwa vasori uye akaurayiwa muna 1941. Okupedzisira vasungwa Tower vaiva 1952 nehama-zvikwata zvomumigwagwa Cray.

Mamwe akashandisa shongwe

Tower of Tower of London aiva kubudirira sezvo Zoo, yaigarwa nemhuka zvekumwe. Tsika hwakagadzwa XVII remakore naHenry III, akagamuchira chipo mhuka shoma uye kuvapa narini panguva yakakurumbira nhare. Paitonga Elizabeth I, zoo rakazaruka vaenzi. Chete muna 1830 muna Tower menagerie yakaguma.

Makore anenge 500 munhare vakavhura bazi Royal Mint. Uyewo, Tower akaramba kukosha pamutemo uye hurumende kuchengetedzeka, uyewo muchiuto midziyo wehondo yamambo uye mambo pachake.

Guard nhare uye nepfuma British Empire

Special kuchengeteka muna Tower dzakatangira 1485. nhare Palace murindi remadunhurirwa Beefeaters (kubva Chirungu "nyama", iro rinoreva "nyama"), nekuti kunyange mumakore akaoma kuti nyika zvokudya vakashinga varindi pakati Tower waisanganisira nouchapupu chikamu nyama. Saka Chirungu umambo pachayo akapa zvakavimbika nevanozvitsigira.

The Tower iri yamambo "reyvensmaster" (superintendent kuti makunguo), ndiro basa kuchengetedza neboka makunguvo kuti kurarama munhare. An ngano unoti, kana shiri idzi dema kusiya Tower rokuLondon, muUK vachatambura dambudziko. Kuti rarira regai kubhururuka, mapapiro azvo dzakadimburirwa.

Munhare ndivo fuma British Empire. Aichengetwa anokosha rangers. Vanovhura vaigona kuyemura youmambo zvishongo kubva XVII remakore. Pakati yakakurumbira zvishongo - makuru munyika kubatwa nedhaimani Kullian I.

Tower zambuko

Chimwe mbiri pamberi England ndiyo inozivikanwa Tower Bridge muLondon. Yakasvika zita raro nokuda napedyo yakakurumbira yemauto. The drawbridge pamusoro Thames yakavakwa mumakore 1886-1894. Its kureba 244 metres. Construction riri pakati shongwe maviri, nokukwirira - 65 mamita. The nechepakati Ndima ine kureba 61 metres, rakakamurwa mapapiro maviri, izvo zvinogona vachamutswa kuburikidza necheparutivi 83 ° kana zvakakodzera. bapiro Mumwe anoyera vanenge chiuru, matani Zvisinei, nemhaka chaiwo counterweight, vakarambwa inenge imwe miniti. Pakutanga sapanosvika zvakatanga achishandisa mvura hydraulic hurongwa. Muna 1974, ivo maberekero pamusoro zambuko mashandiro yakanga dzinofambiswa kubudikidza yemagetsi tikachirega.

Netsoka anogona kuyambuka mabhiriji, kunyange rakasanganiswa Hurumende - zviri pakati zvivako akapa unobva shongwe ari nekukwirira 44 mamita maberere. Vanogona kukwira masitepisi, iri mukati shongwe. Muna 1982, kuti maberere vakatanga kuita mashandiro kwacho uriri uye miziyamu. Tower Bridge (Tower Bridge), London ainakidzwa hapana zvishoma yakakurumbira pane akakurumbira chaizvo nhare.