Search Satellite Systems: wongororo, rondedzero, nokurondedzerwa uye wongororo. Satellite motokari chibatiso hurongwa

Nhasi, vanhu anoshandisa kuchengeteka kunyange muchadenga. Kuti vaite izvi, uye hwakagadzwa Satellite kutsvaka injini. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti kutanga kufamba kwakadaro kufanirwa October 4, 1957 Panguva kokutanga yakatanga yokutanga kubata Pasi Satellite. By kuguma 70s sokuti wokutanga redhiyo wekushandisa hurongwa. Zvinokwanisika kuona Coordonatele upi chinhu pahwaro ari anonongedzera vakagamuchira kubva Satellite. Nhasi, pane wekushandisa mhando iyi anowana kushandiswa kwayo muna kununurwa uye panenge pachivakwa, uyewo nechokwadi nokuchengeteka ehurumende uye vagari.

Ndezvipi Satellite nehurongwa? Izvi zvakaoma zvemagetsi uye michina kutaurirana. Uye Implementation wavo zvinokwanisika chete kana yose nokushanda nzvimbo uye pasi michina. Saka kwomwedzi hurongwa tikwanise kuziva kukwira uye nzvimbo nzvimbo, nguva uye inofamba parameters emvura, ivhu uye mhepo huru.

kupatsanura

Satellite hurongwa vakakamurwa muzvinhu zvinotevera:

- kuchengeteka kutsvaka, aida kuti motokari;
- navigation, kuchengetedza mahofisi, misha, Apartments uye oga munzvimbo;
- chibatiso kuti paIndaneti uye mafoni;
- kutsvaga nemasaisai (GPS).

Huru zvinhu

Satellite nehurongwa dzinosanganisira:

- orbital muzvikwata zvisina tsarukano anoverengeka satellites (2 kusvika 30), izvo emit dzakananga anonongedzera;
- pasi-kwakavakirwa kuzvidzora uye kutarisirwa gadziriro, wakateya kuitika nzvimbo satellites, uyewo kugamuchira uye mashoko muitiro pachishandiswa navo;
- the yeGmail.END_STRONG kugamuchira michina zvakakodzera kutsunga mavambo;
- zvikwangwani vari munyika-based system anovandudza rakarurama pave nzvimbo chinhu;
- ruzivo redhiyo hurongwa anopa inodzidzisa ane Kunadzurudzwa kune Coordinates.

musimboti oparesheni

Satellite nemasaisai hurongwa uyere chinhambwe kubva kanyanga panzvimbo, kuti Satellite nezvenzvimbo muchadenga rinozivikanwa dzakakwirira zvakarurama. Inoshandisa rinokosha tafura, yainzi almanac. Zvinofanira mudura kuyeuka kugamuchirwa mudziyo uye inoratidza chinzvimbo satellites zvose. Kana tafura iri kukwira zuva, pamberi chinhu ari muchadenga iri pakutsvaga namano uchishandisa nyore geometric zvakagadzirwa. For zvakarurama kukarukureta ane upamhi uye Longitude ane mugamuchiri anofanira kugamuchira anonongedzera kubva satellites dzinenge nhatu. Zvakanaka, kana iwe unofanira kuziva nzvimbo chinhu pamusoro pechiso? Unofanira chiratidzo kubva Satellite wechina.

ruzivo All chinogadzirwa kuburikidza pasi Unit, izvo achishandisa kwegadziriro equations outputs zvandinenge nzvimbo. Zvisinei, mashoko zvinoda vamwe kuchinja. Izvi imhaka simba kushanda mumhepo kumanikidzwa, mhepo tembiricha uye mwero mwando. Mumwe nomumwe izvi zvinhu zvinoita kukanganisa yaiva mukati mamita 30, mari iyo kazhinji rinosvika mamita 100.

Zvinobatsira kuderedza inaccuracy pamusoro differential GPS muoti. It transmits kuti anoishandisa zvakafanira padzimwe, izvo zvinoita kururama kuziva chinhu kusvika 1 cm. Panguva Satellite ichi kutsvaka injini vanokwanisa kuchengeta uye ipapo kubata Data vakawana panguva imwe nguva. Kuburikidza vakadaro muitiro, inodzidzisa ane pfungwa kumhanya chinhu, ivo zvaiyambuka nzira, uye zvichingodaro. D.

GPS

Nhasi vari kushingaira, dzakawanda kufamba hurongwa. Uyu ndiye American GPS, wokuRussia GLONASS uye European Galileo. Vose achasarudza magetsi nzvimbo yacho chinhu uyewo yaro Musi uye nguva, nokukurumidza uye trajectory kufamba panyika, mudenga uye pasi. Funga navigators izvi zvakawanda.

Nhoroondo US GPS Satellite hurongwa rakatanga muna 1973. Raiva nguva DNSS chirongwa kukura. Gare gare, akanga apiwa zita rokuti muna Navstar-GPS, uye pashure --in GPS. The rokutanga satellites ayo kupinzwa muchadenga muna 1974. Yakanga chete muna 1993 nhamba yavo kumamiriro 24, izvo zvakaita kuti tikwanise kutakura mishumo yose pepasi.

Pakutanga GPS Satellite mamiriro kushanda chinangwa US uto yakaoma. Uye muna 2000 chete pakavanda abviswa hurongwa. GPS vakatanga kushumira zvinodiwa zvavo vanoshandisa. Zvisinei, iye zvino nePentagon aigona kana kudzima pakati ndima, apo hondo, Satellite anonongedzera, kana dzinovapa ruzha. Uyezve, US njere masangano kuchengetera kodzero kumisa "jammers" yemunyika, kufukidza yairwiwa. Saka vakadaro zvemagetsi hondo haangavi kuvhiringidza NATO mauto kushanda coded chiratidzo.

GLONASS

It Russian kufamba hurongwa yave kushanda sezvo 90s remakore rapfuura. Kusvika panguva Zvinoumba orbital boka rayo ane zvinopfuura makumi maviri orbiting satellites. Munguva yemberi iri pedyo nhamba yavo ngazviwedzerwe matatu.

Kubvira 2007, GLONASS Satellite gadziriro rinoshandiswa kuti sevhiriyeni zvinangwa. Nhasi vakafukidza nharaunda yose Russia uye anowana kushandisirwa kwakasiyana-siyana. Zvinonzi zvinobudirira kushandiswa zvekufambisa, iyo inopa kwete chete mitoro asiwo mutakurwi senga. Pano GLONASS - Mwedzi zvichiongororwa gadziriro, uyewo huchashandiswa kuti optimize nenguva. Kwakadaro kufamba kushandiswa kwavo basa paIndaneti mabasa Moe, mapurisa uye amburenzi.

Pfungwa yacho GLONASS hurongwa hunobva risiti mashoko kubva bhikoni Tracking kubudikidza GSM-mugero kuti kure Server. Pano inochengeterwa humwe hutachiwana kuti user. Pakuunganidza nguva iri zvinobva 15 kusvika 240 seconds. Next, purogiramu yekombiyuta chinokosha kurongedza mashoko mumabhatiri pamusoro server inopa nzvimbo chinhu.

MuRussia, izvozvo akakudziridza uye Newest chirongwa, rinonzi MUNGUVA-GLONASS. Hurongwa kwakadaro aizobvumira chaiyo kukurumidzirwa minamato kupindura pakuparwa mutsaona uye tsaona. Zvinonzi akaronga kuti 2020, motokari zvose zvichabviswa vakapakata wekushandisa uye kukurukura zviteshi vapiwa kutapurira anonongedzera basa uye vanotumira basa zvinoitirwawo tsaona huru, kureva apo motokari Airbag nekutumirwa kwemauto. Mutekenyi anoedza kujekesa zvose nezvokuzadziswa tsaona kubva mutyairi. Kana pasina mhinduro kana pamusoro wainyatsotaura Coordonatele kubvuma mashoko kuchabudirira kununurwa vakuru, vanachiremba uye netsvimbo STSI. Nokudaro, Satellite nezvifambiso zvinosvika achashumira sezvo wokutanga mubatsiri mutyairi kana yedambudziko.

Galileo

Izvi kuongorora zvinhu nemasaisai hurongwa akagadzirirwa kunyika European Union. The purojekiti mutengo vanofungidzirwa pana $ 2 billion, akanzi kuremekedza Galileo Galilei - akakurumbira Italian muongorori wenyeredzi. In basa rayo, Galileo ndiye yakazvimirira Satellite kudzora maitiro Russian GLONASS uye American GPS.

Kuwedzera nokududza nzvimbo chinhu, ari Coordonatele izvo zvinogona kuwanikwa ane kururama rimwe meter, Galileo ane kutsvaka basa, uye ruponeso. chirongwa ichi hachisi chero nyika munyika (izvozvo chete mune Russia).

Security motokari

Nhasi kunokwezva nevakawanda vatyairi Satellite Anti-kuba hurongwa. In zvinofungwa vanoshandisa dzakawanda haisi kuvimbwa chete, asiwo nyore chaizvo.

Kwakadaro kuchengeteka nemasaisai anoshanda panheyo kutaurirana pakati kanyanga akatasva mumotokari uye shamwari shoma. Information pamusoro Coordonatele ari mumuchina nguva anouya kugamuchirwa mudziyo, uye inoita inodzidzisa kuziva pamberi motokari ane kwenhoroondo imwe mamita shoma.

Kusiyana kwakajairika kufamba Satellite Anti-kuba hurongwa kwete chete anogamuchira anonongedzera kubva muchadenga, asiwo anovatuma kudzora mukamuri kana muridzi. Kana car showroom infiltrated nemhomho vari kuedza kuputsa mugadziriro, ipapo achangopera Mobile opareta network kana zvikurukuru akasarudzwa kuti chinangwa ichi Mipata achatora chiratidzo, uyo achatora serura ari muridzi kana kuti kudzora nzvimbo. Pashure paizvozvo atanga Response Team, izvo zvichaita kuona zvimwe kufamba uye nzvimbo yacho muchina.

Maererano mushandisi inofambiswa, kuti Satellite kuchengeteka mamiriro motokari iwayo akavimbika. Neutralize nayo zvakatonyanya kuoma kukunda nyore aramu sairini.

Mune dzimwe mhando, kure injini zvechizarira kunopa Satellite kudzosa hurongwa. With basa iri, mutadzi havazokwanisi kutyaira motokari yako, kunyange mita rimwe. Dzimwe nguva hackers vanoshandisa Jammers. It silencers mudziyo, kwete "kutanga kukwira" chiratidzo. Izvi kufungwa kukura itsva kuchengeteka enyika. In magadzirirwo yavo vakashandisa modules inokosha hatibvumiri jammers basa.

echelon

Izvi kwomwedzi wemotokari kuchengeteka hurongwa anoshanda munyika yedu kubva September 2003. Zviri kwakajairika GPS-GSM-aramu hurongwa, chete zvayo kubudiswa hadzisisina chiite munzira chaiyo. Pavaiedza motokari kuba aramu gadziriro iri kusashanda, uye kana uchishandisa mutadzi jammer kana pasina kutaurirana pamwechete kure controller, injini zvechizarira. Ndiwo mashandiro chiito naro anoshanda ari kuongorora hurongwa "Echelon".

A chinokosha mukana wekushandisa iri kukwanisa kwayo kudzivirira kuba, kunyange kana pasina kutaurirana pamwechete muridzi. Maererano mushandisi inofambiswa, ari undoubted mukana hurongwa inhamba zvimwe zvinhu. Nokudaro, Satellite "Echelon" mamiriro anogona chiite kukiya injini iri huye:
- kwazvo imwe nokukurumidza ukoshi;
- Departure nokuti munzvimbo akasarudzwa;
- longitudinal uye lateral kumhanyisa motokari.

Uye izvi zvinogona kushandura algorithm chaisvika. Zviri zvakakwana kutumira kutsvakwa chirongwa pa GSM-mugero oparesheni.

"Arkan"

Unorema Satellite kuchengeteka enyika motokari inoshanda panheyo pakukurukura kudzora kunyaradza "Alarm" Mureza. Zvisinei, kudzivirirwa kwakadaro ndiko basa pasina achida kana GPS-mugero kudzvinyirira.

The nzira iri kuongorora mamiriro "Arkan". It transmits ruzivo pamusoro eponymous chaiyo kufamba Network. Kuburikidza kuramba redhiyo chiratidzo, dzichichinja kakawanda, vadzivisi havagoni kutora hurongwa kubva chiito.
Panguva iyoyo, mumwe wekushandisa mhando iyi zvemberi rwokugadzira mhinduro unokubvumira kuwana muchina nyore.

Mukuwedzera, Satellite hurongwa "Arkan":
- chinogona kuparadzira Coordonatele ari muchina nokutsikirira Nokutya bhatani, uye kana kuedza kunze komutemo kuwana menyika;
- Minamato haipindurwe kuti pasi simba muoti kana bhatiri apererwa;
- anodzora basa "Atu" mugero kubudikidza ichi- zvokudya bvunzo anonongedzera.

Satellite kutaurirana

Pane mhando dzakasiyana zvakadaro gadziriro.

Pakati pavo:

1. muzongoza kutaurirana. kukura kwayo kwave kudikanwe nemunhu kuramba kutamira yakawanda mashoko. Chokutanga izvi hurongwa raiva Intelsat, uye ipapo akazviratidza uye masangano emunharaunda Arabsat, Eutelsat nevamwe. To musi, chikuru Satellite kukurukura gadziriro kuitwa ne faibha-optic network.

2. VSAT hurongwa. Dzinomirira chirwere pamwe risingamboshandisi uwandu hwavo michina. Kwakadaro hurongwa vari chakagadzirirwa kuongorora kukurukurirana pamusoro masangano duku kuti havadi dzakakwirira bandwidth. Uyezve, VSAT mamiriro anogona kupa pamusoro-kudiwa makwara.

3. Mobile Satellite kukurukurirana. A chiri vakadaro gadziriro ndiko duku kukura kanyanga, izvo chinoita kuome chiratidzo mabiko. Kuti awedzere simba redhiyo mafungu, satellites anoiswa pamusoro geostationary muchadenga, achivapa simba wokutepfenyurisa. Kwakadaro hurongwa zvinopa kukurukurirana kuti ngarava uye siyana emunharaunda dzaishandisa. Kugonesa redhiyo Mureza ane yokuwanda satellites ari polar uye vachida kutenderera. KUPA ruzivo uye vakawanda Mobile dzaishandisa.

4. Satellite Internet. Kwakadaro kutaurirana hurongwa vane maitiro avo. Pano zviri akatsemura ushamwari uye kuuya motokari, uyewo kushandisa vamwe zvemichina mamwe kunangiswa. Ndokusaka izvi Satellite kukurukurirana hurongwa dzinonzi asymmetric. A chepfungwa Internet ichaongororwa kuti mumwe mugero anogona kushandiswa vanoshandisa akawanda. Chokwadi chokuti mashoko ari kuburikidza nzvimbo muchadenga kuti vatengi zvose panguva imwe chete.

Satellite terevhizheni

Sezvo pezana remakore rapfuura kuti vabudirire pazvinangwa zvavo kwevanhu vari kuramba vachishandisa nzvimbo. Nhasi, Earth muchadenga zvinoreva vachiapoteredza ne Satellite "sechishongo chomuhuro", vachibvumira kwete chete vashumire wekushandisa hurongwa, kuti nekufambisa mashoko, asi ... uchiona TV. Izvi zvinoitika sei? On nerimwe zvikuru akagadzirirwa kwaizvozvi Satellite yakaiswa kanyanga simba. Zvakanga iye uyo anogamuchira terevhizheni chiratidzo, iyo zvino vakatuma Earth uye kutora anokosha transponder zvinotakura. nzvimbo avo apo unogona kubata izvi redhiyo mafungu, yainzi nhau yacho.

An kanyanga kuti anogamuchira anonongedzera kubva satellites, ane chimiro kwamahwendefa. pamusoro Izvi zvinobvumira redhiyo mafungu kwakaratidza uye chakabatikana pane imwe nguva, apo convector yakaiswa. mudziyo uyu anogamuchira anonongedzera izvo zvino kufura unokosha waya kuna receiver. Iyewo mugamuchiri, asi vatendeuki redhiyo mafungu uye transmits navo somunhu mufananidzo paTV.

kwomwedzi terevhizheni hurongwa kubvumira kuwana yepamusoro inzwi uye mifananidzo. Izvi zvakaitwa kuti aibuda ruzivo digitaalinen chimiro inobvira kuvonga. Uyezve, Satellite TV unokubvumira mapurogiramu kubva kunyika dzakasiyana uye makondinendi. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha kune vaya vanodzidza mumwe mutauro. Vana nevanhu vakuru kana uchiona zvirongwa izvi angawana rakapotsa shamwari, uyewo kuongorora uye zadzai ruzivo vakawana yekudyidzana. Akakwezva ari Fafitera uye vakawanda Category Satellite terevhizheni makwara. Vana vanogona kusarudza cartoons, uye vakuru - kunyika munyika pakufamba uye mumhanzi.

Nechokwadi kwako musha Satellite TV haazorambi chete kuwedzera horizons angu uye kuwana zvizhinji pfungwa kubva kuona mapurogiramu anonakidza, asiwo kuponesa mari. Vachafanira kubhadhara kamwe chete kwenguva zvokushandisa Satellite kukurukurirana. Mune ramangwana, mutengi anoramba yakazvimirira dzichichinja mutero zvirongwa waya dzaishandisa, nekuti Satellite midziyo inoramba zvachose mune tenzi wake pfuma.

Zvinofanira akati kuti, ari maonero kuvagari nemisha miduku, kufanana terevhizheni kuti kazhinji zvinovabatsira kunze. Pashure pezvose, dzimwe nguva mumataundi maduku havana waya dzaishandisa uye unhu chiratidzo hutachiwana kuburikidza zvake TV kanyanga murombo.

Panzira, mune zvakawanda mumataundi maduku nokuda matambudziko negashiro terevhizheni anonongedzera chokugadza ndiro zvichida ndiyo chete nzira kunakidzwa uchiona TV zvakanaka unhu.