Seal marudzi. Vangani mhando chezvidhindo ikoko

Zvisimbiso - guva zita zvomumvura mhuka, iyo chinobatanidza vamiririri vemhuri mbiri: chipo uye rine nzeve zvisimbiso. Zvakakwana zveufende panyika, ivo kushambira inoyemurika pasi mvura. Traditional nzvimbo dzinogarisana - kumahombekombe nzvimbo kumaodzanyemba uye kuchamhembe latitudes. Seal marudzi kuripo zvakasikwa, akasiyana zvikuru, asi panguva imwe chete chitarisiko chavo, tsika uye mararamiro zhinji zvakafanana zvinhu.

Origin seal

Zvinozivikanwa kuti madzitateguru mhuka pinnipeds pachena kamwe akafamba nyika. Gare gare, zvichida nokuda achiipa mamiriro okunze, vakamanikidzwa uchaburukira mvura. Muchiitiko chino, ingangova wechokwadi uye fork nezvisimbiso hwakabva mhuka dzakasiyana.

Masayendisiti anodavira kuti madzitateguru ino, kana vanhuwo, nemicherechedzo Zvisikwa vakaita otters kuti makore mamiriyoni gumi nemashanu apfuura kwakaitika North Atlantic. Otariids yakawanda yekare - namadzibaba ake, cynomolgus mhuka, makore makumi maviri namashanu mamiriyoni kare yaigara kuchamhembe latitudes zvePacific Ocean.

Kusiyana muviri mamiriro

Chokuita kwakabva mapoka aya maviri chezvidhindo kunosimbisa mutsauko chinokosha sechivako marangwanda yavo. Nokudaro, chisimbiso nevakawanda panyika inenge ndisingaite. Pamahombekombe akanga avete dumbu rake, flippers ake pamberi muchibudisira panhivi uye shure vari vakaiswa pamwe pasi sezvinoita hove muswe parwendo. Kuenda mberi, mhuka anomanikidzwa kugara kusvetuka, unomutsa muviri wenyu kwazvo.

Fork mucherechedzo, mukusiyana, iri zvakasimba musimbiswe zvose zvina maoko nemakumbo. Panguva iyoyowo ayo flippers pamberi vane simba zvakakwana tsandanyama kukurira rimwe nokururamisira nouchapupu muviri uremu, apo necheshure hauna kuseri, uye kutumirwa mberi uye akaisa pasi nedumbu. Kazhinji chikara ichi anoenda "waddling", vachishandisa ose zvimbi mubishi kufamba, uye anogona "hobble" munhu kwaye chaizvo kumhanya kana zvakakodzera. Saka, chisimbiso anokwanisa kumhanya pamwe matombo kumahombekombe, kunyange kupfuura munhu.

Sezvo ichiyangarara zvisimbiso

The pamberi flippers chezvidhindo iduku zvikuru pane necheshure. The yokupedzisira nguva dzose kudhonzera shure uye regai wira panguva chitsitsinho rwakashodoka. Havakwanisi kuva rutsigiro paaifamba panyika, asi mvura iyo mhuka swims kuvonga kwavari, kuita zvokurova simba.

Fork mucherechedzo zvinopfakanyika mumvura zvakasiyana. It floats yakaita Penguinkuva, noushingi kushanda forelegs. Hadzi flippers iye chete anoita somunhu vakasunungura.

tsananguro mukuru

mhando dzakasiyana chezvidhindo zvinooneka akasiyana pakureba (by kusvika rimwe nehafu kusvika mamita matanhatu) uye muviri uremu (vanhurume - kubva manomwe makirogiramu matani matatu). The guru pakati zvisimbiso vanhuwo - nzou zvisimbiso, uye duku - iwo zvisimbiso. Fork zvisimbiso, sezvinoita mutemo, hauna makuru. Remasangano kwavari, gungwa shumba, vanogona kukura mamita mana uye kuyera zvishoma kupfuura tani. Duku, Kerch mbava chisimbiso - chisimbiso, rairema chete anenge zana makirogiramu kusvika kureba mamita rimwe nehafu. At zvisimbiso dzakabudirira pabonde dimorphism - vanhurume yekudyidzana outperform dzavo hadzi uremu uye muviri saizi.

chisimbiso muviri chimiro iri Zvakanakisa wakanyatsokodzera kuti muwane mafambiro mumvura. Vose vane elongated muviri, refu, anonzwisisa mutsipa, pfupi asi yakajeka muswe. Musoro Kazhinji diki, uye nzeve zvakajeka kuonekwa chete rine nzeve zvisimbiso; panguva ino chete kunzwa nhengo dziri mwena diki kumativi musoro.

Kunobatanidza zvisimbiso zvose pamberi gobvu paiva subcutaneous mafuta, iyo inoita rakanaka kupisa chitoro mumvura inotonhora. Tyulenyata mhando dzakawanda vanoberekwa, akafukidza gobvu mbava, izvo hapana anopfuura nhatu (ayo ruvara, kazhinji chena). Chisimbiso chaihwo (mukuru) ane ine romusoro isina raidudzwa podpushka uye nzou micherechedzo zvachose kunyimwa iye anenge zvachose. Kana rine nzeve zvisimbiso, vane Downy podpushka Kusiyana neizvi, inogona kunyatsonanga gobvu, uye dzimwe zvisimbiso vakura anoramba gobvu mbava jasi.

Mararamiro

zvisimbiso Most vanogara mumhenderekedzo yegungwa munzvimbo - apo pemvura dzenzvimbo richisimuka kubva pasi muviri mvura rine zvisikwa roga. Munzvimbo idzi, I rwawana duku hwemvura fauna of. Iyewo, yakadyiwa hove, ayo akadyiwa nemicherechedzo.

Chinhu carnivore. Chisimbiso ane chimiro mazino, rakafanana dzinodya dzimwe mhuka. Iye anoda kundovhima kubudikidza Diving makadzika. Kunze hove, zvisimbiso kudya crayfish, magakanje, cephalopods. Ingwe chisimbiso kurwiswa pingviini nguva uye dzimwe, duku, nemicherechedzo.

zvisikwa izvi zviri zvakakwana kujairana yakaderera tembiricha. Ndivo mvura mararamiro zvikurukuru, Achibuda panyika kuti kurara uye panguva yatinenge moulting uye maberekero. Kana mucherechedzo dives, mumhino dzake uye nzeve mawindo dzakavharika zvakasimba, tisingaregi mvura kupinda. zvisimbiso Most kusanyatsoona zvakanaka, asi ake maziso dzakashandisa kuchengeta kufamba mumvura ine chiedza chiduku.

kubereka

Munguva rutoto mwaka marudzi akawanda chezvidhindo vechokwadi kusika mbiri. Barika muri nzou zvisimbiso ndachena chisimbiso chete. Pregnancy vakadzi kunotora mazuva 280 kusvika 350, pashure izvo chiedza rinooneka mumwe mwana - ndiye anoona zvakanaka uye zvakazara kuumbwa. Amai anodyisa iye mafuta mukaka kubva shomanana kuti mwedzi, zvokurega achiyamwa panguva tyulenonok kugona kubereka zvokudya zvavo pachavo. Kwekanguva vana vane nzara, kupona tichiregeredza of akaunganidza matura mafuta.

Nokuda makobvu chena makushe, matehwe uye kufukidza anenge imperceptible pamusoro pakanyorwa chando, achangoberekwa tyulenonok ashandira remadunhu- "belok". Chisimbiso, zvisinei, haana nguva dzose kuberekwa chena: wayo gungwa hares Somuenzaniso, Muorivhi zvisvundu ruvara. Kazhinji, vakadzi kuedza kuviga vana "mumakomba" echando pakati echando hummocks, izvo zvinoita kuti kupona kwavo nani.

Fork zvisimbiso munguva maberekero mwaka vari mapoka zvakarurama guru pamusoro yakavandika kumahombekombe munzvimbo uye zvitsuwa. Wokutanga kuoneka pamahombekombe avarume, izvo kuedza kubvuta mamwe nzvimbo, kuronga kurwa mumwe nomumwe. Kunewo munhukadzi ari rookery. Kwapera nguva, mumwe nomumwe wavo anobereka mwana, uye nguva pfupi pashure pacho, zvakare aiwanzopiwa wokushanda pamwe murume uyo uchidzivirira nharaunda yayo. Kenya otariids mukono anofa pamwe kuguma maberekero mwaka. Ipapo mhuka kutanga kuwedzera nguva kupedza mumvura. In kutonhora latitudes, ivo tama kupedza chando ikoko, ndiro zvishoma dzinodziya uye nani. ezvinhu anogona kuchengetwa pedyo nenzvimbo rookeries dzavo rose gore.

The Mhando chezvidhindo anozivikanwa

Mumhuri zvisimbiso, maererano zvinyorwa zvakasiyana-siyana, zviri kubva gumi makumi maviri nezvina marudzi.

Idzi dzinosanganisira:

• Monk chisimbiso (chena-bellied, Hawaii, Caribbean);
• nzou seal (nezasi);
• Ross chisimbiso;
• Weddell seal;
• chisimbiso-cynomolgus;
• ingwe chisimbiso;
• Bearded (gungwa tsuro);
• rakanga rakapfeka zvinovhara kumeso seal;
• munhuwo makwapa nezvisimbiso;
• zvisimbiso (Baikalian, reCaspian uye iwo);
• pfumbu chisimbiso;
• nembira seal;
• bhachi (mitsetse chisimbiso).

All mhando mhuri iyi chisimbiso anomiririrwa mune Fauna of Russia.

rine nzeve seal

Modern fauna of zvinosanganisira gumi kana gumi mhando fork zvisimbiso. Vari mumapoka mapoka makuru maviri (subfamily).

Boka rokutanga rinosanganisira zvisimbiso, izvo zvinosanganisira:

• Northern (chete mhando mumwechete zita);
• Southern (South America, New Zealand, Galapagos, Kerguelen, fernandessky, Cape, Guadeloupe, subantarctic).

Boka rechipiri aumbwa gungwa veshumba :

• Sivuchya (North);
• California;
• Galapagos;
• Japanese;
• rwezasi;
• Australian;
• New Zealand.

Mumvura zvisimbiso Russian vemhuri iyi akapa Steller gungwa shumba uye kuchamhembe fur seal.

Akadzivirira marudzi chezvidhindo

Somugumisiro vanoshingaira kwevanhu Kupindira muupenyu zvakasikwa, mhando dzakawanda mhuka, kusanganisira zvisimbiso, nhasi mungozi kutsakatika.

Saka, muna Red muBhuku Russia akanyora akawanda mhando nemicherechedzo. Izvi gungwa shumba vanogara Kuril uye Mutungamiriri Islands uye Kamchatka nharaunda. Also kunzi isingawanzowanikwi chisimbiso mavara, kana Larga, kurarama kuFar East. Kudzivirirwa zvino vaitirei chisimbiso wachena dlinnomordy kana tevyak. Unowanikwa muGungwa reBaltic uye Murmansk egungwa. Vava kuda kuparadzwa rakanga iwo chisimbiso - Far anokosha chisimbiso Fisheries.

The Red Book rweUkraine rine nhoroondo mumongi chisimbiso. Conservation chinzvimbo kwemarudzi rwakaiswa "chinoshayikwa." Iyi mhuka zvikuru vainyara ane pasi dzokubereka kwaniso uye haana kumira pamberi pedyo nevanhu. pamusoro chete gumi yegwara mumongi zvisimbiso vanogara Sea Black, uye munyika nhasi nhamba yavo ine vanhu vasina kupfuura mazana mashanu.

zvakajairika chisimbiso

Harbor zvisimbiso vari rinoparadzirwa pamusoro kumiganhu nechokuchamhembe makungwa muEurope. Izvi mhando nekaupenyu ndakagara mupenyu, kazhinji kusarudza pamaware kana jecha mumhenderekedzo yegungwa nzvimbo, zviwi zviri kudzika uye mhotsi dzangu bays uye estuaries. Zvokudya chikuru rinoshanda hove uye hwemvura invertebrates.

Cubs kazhinji vakaberekwa zvisimbiso pamhenderekedzo pakati May uye July, uye maawa mashoma pashure pokuberekwa vanotumirwa mumvura. Mukaka waamai, vakadya pamusoro mwedzi uye vane nguva kuwana ichi muviri kudya kune matatu makirogiramu. Zvisinei, nokuti kuti mukaka hadzi zvisimbiso awana yakawanda inorema nesimbi uye mishonga yezvipembenene nokuda hove kudyiwa narwo, vazhinji vana vayo kurwara uye kufa.

Pasinei chokwadi kuti rudzi urwu rakanyorwawo somunhu akadzivirirwa sezvo Somuenzaniso, akaona zvisimbiso iwo chisimbiso, uyewo zvinoda nokunyatsoongorora mafungiro woga, nokuti nhamba yaro zvishoma nezvishoma kudzikira.

Seal cynomolgus

Antarctic Zvisimbiso cynomolgus zvino sechinhu chinonyanya zhinji mhando mucherechedzo munyika. Maererano nokufungidzira siyana, nhamba yacho kusvika kubva nomwe mamiriyoni makumi mana vanhu - ndiwo runa kupfuura nhamba yose zvimwe zvisimbiso.

Size vakuru - kusvika mamita maviri nehafu, vanoyera maviri kusvika mazana matatu makirogiramu. Sezvineiwo, nhunzvi zvipenyu ichi chezvidhindo vari zvishoma kupfuura varume. mhuka idzi vanogara Southern Ocean, kukukurwa pedyo nemhenderekedzo muzhizha uye kupinda kuwa dzichitama rwokumusoro.

Vakaguta kunyanya pamusoro krill (crustaceans duku Antarctic), izvi zvinoita kuti rinokosha maumbirwo pashaya dzavo.

The chikuru dzinongoitika Vavengi cynomolgus zvisimbiso vari ingwe chisimbiso uye mhondi whale. Wokutanga chinotyisidzira zvikurukuru vechiduku uye ruzivo mhuka. Kubva hove huru akaponesa zvisimbiso, pamwe rinoshamisa agility vachisvetuka pamusoro chando floes emvura.

ingwe chisimbiso

Ichi chisimbiso zvomumvura hakusi pasina "namesake" muedzo chikara yacho katsi mhuri. Unonyengera uye utsinye muvhimi, haasi kugutsikana bedzi pamusoro hove, vanourawa vake vari PENGUIN, skuas, loons uye dzimwe shiri. Kazhinji Anorwisa kunyange nemicherechedzo diki.

Meno mhuka iyi diki, asi unopinza chaizvo uye yakasimba. Dzinozivikanwa zviitiko kurwiswa kwevanhu ingwe seal. Kufanana "nyika" ingwe chikara chiri mugungwa sezvo madodzi madodzi ganda: pamusoro rima pfumbu kumashure randomly akapararira mavara matema.

Pamwe muurayi shato huru zvomumvura ingwe ichaongororwa chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha chikara kwesango polar nharaunda. Chisimbiso richisvika pamusoro mamita matatu nehafu pakureba uye achirema makirogiramu anopfuura mazana mana namakumi mashanu anokwanisa kufamba kunoshamisa nokukurumidza pamwe kumucheto vasakukurwa echando. Extraction, somunhu mutemo, akauraya mumvura.

Ingwe chisimbiso - chete chimwe chezvisimbiso, izvo zvinoumba hwaro zvokudya zvisikwa inodziya-ropa rechiJudha chairo.