Ruzivo nyama uye musoro uye kunzwisisa epistemology

Setsika, ruzivo zvinonzwisiswa sezvo inofanira nekuita pamusoro nyaya chinhu, izvo zvinobatsira kuona zviri chokwadi - kureva kuti kungadai uye vachava. Chiratidzo tsika iyi inogona kunzi muuki Tiresias mufananidzo pamusoro "Odyssey". Kudzidza ichi mhando yebasa evanhu pane chimwe chikuru antinomy: zviri kuwirirana pakati kutsinga dzinouya uye ndaisagona cognition. Hapana ndiro dambudziko iri dzinoratidzwa Nietzsche: vakashora mananara dzakadai zvinosuwisa uye yaSocrates, Apollonian uye Dionysian. It anowanikawo pavanotaurirana uye Lva Shestova sezvo kusiyana "Atene" uye "Jerusarema." Nhoroondo yose uzivi iri zvapararira nokushorwa pakati discursive uye nzwisisa, uye kuedza nokubatanidza vave chinhu yose.

Language uzivi kakawanda multilayer, uye saka mu "pfungwa" pfungwa uye zivo "musoro" kusiyanisa zvirevo zvakawanda. Under reshiyo rinoreva musoro kufunga, chokuita mamwe, zvakafanorongwa Formulations (pfungwa, nezvaakatonga, tsanangudzo, axioms). Izvi Mafungiro kazhinji Analytical, rinoshandisa inductive uye deductive nzira. Kazhinji, pfungwa maonero kunzwisisa nyika iri vakazvipira dzinongoitika uye kurongeka munzanga, iye anosarudza nzira yokunzwisisa iri Conceptual uye discursive, ake chikuru harizi chine unyanzvi uye siyana, izvo mirawu kwesainzi. Zvisinei, uzivi ano, dzakadai Feyerabend inoti kuti pane mhando wandei rationality.

Kutsinga dzinouya maonero uye zvitarisiko, zvakadai kunzwa uye maonero maitiro, advantageously pamwe chete chinonakidza kuti maldistribution. Mumwe yenhengo aro safunga, izvo zvinozoita rakakamurwa kuva nezveuchenjeri maitiro nyika (rinogonawo akaita nyaya pakutsvakurudza) uye vamwe rima, maturo, pfungwa vakandishora nomunhu. Next azheuka (subliminal) anomiririra imwe bhora, ivo mananara zvakasiyana achirapwa nzwisiso. Yake yokutanga nekutarisisa kuvapo Leibniz, akakudanai kuti "zvaanonzwisisa rima." Ipapo Fani iyi isu akashandura Romantics German, guessing chinhu chagara tsime okugadzira zvinhu. Maererano Freud, ndirwo rune simba, anoshora kuziva simba paunogona kuedza kudzora tichibatsirwa psychoanalysis.

Nyama uye pfungwa ruzivo, ongororo uye kunzwisisa ukama kuferefeta vakadai dzinonakidza pfungwa sezvo nzwisisa. Kune mhando dzakawanda kunzwisisa, izvo zvinogona pedyo musoro kufunga, kana haauyi achariwisira naye. Pane pfungwa heuristics - chiri rwezivo, kana chokwadi kunoratidzwa nenyaya kwete zvishoma nezvishoma asi pakarepo, pakarepo. A nzira yokuziva, yokuvamba savanhu payakakurudzirwa kunzi pfungwa kunzwisisa uye, njere nesayenzi (njere) - chiri chinhu ndaisagona kutaura kuti kudzidza dambudziko. Kutaura zvazviri, ndiye mumwe chimiro ndaisagona ruzivo. By kunzwisisa, kunzwisisa uye unyanzvi muenzaniso kunzwisisa nyika, kunze nesayenzi, uye nzira yokuva munhu, uye kunyange vane tsika vamwe mhando (kubva pfungwa nemaonero Husserl uye Scheler, havana akazivisa kwete kuburikidza nepfungwa, uye mabasa rudo kana ruvengo, somuenzaniso, idiosyncrasy).

Zvichienderana nguva, nzvimbo chiito, chaiwo muzivi, varipo siyana dzidziso tuzvikonzero sei Nenyaya Iyi kutsinga dzinouya uye ndaisagona cognition. Zvisinei, kazhinji, vanogona kuva mapoka mapoka matatu - 1) pfungwa, izvo zvairatidza kuti marudzi aya maviri basa kwepfungwa zvachose apikise mumwe; 2) pfungwa, kwete chete vachipikiswa asiwo delimiting chadzo, uye 3) Dzidziso, vachiedza kuwana chete mabviro kwose zivo, uyewo nzira kuti kudyidzana kwavo uye kusangana. Kupesana uku ndiko yo muuzivi nemagariro, apo tiri kuona kuti kushorwa zvose achinyepera upenyu uye mweya, ruzivo uye kufungisisa, uye Eidos Logo, kufungisisa uye pfungwa mwoyo uye musoro, uye kuedza kuderedza kuti chimwe dhinomineta.