Russian goridhe vangani? The reserves ndarama Russia

Hazvina chakavanzika ndarama iri nguva dzose kwainzi chiratidzo upfumi. Nokuti ichi simbi dzinokosha vanhu vakapambwa uye kunyimwa upenyu. Yose inoti kubatanidzwa mukurwisana muchiuto, kuti kodzero ive goridhe.

Iye zvino, "penya," chicherwa haana kurasa kukosha kwayo uye ari kushingaira kushandiswa kwemasimba enyika sezvo kunobatsira kudzivirira kubva zvemari kusauka. Mune mamwe mazwi, chinokosha chikamu kuchengeterwa (inishuwarenzi) mari, sezvo vasati, ndarama.

"In chengetedza"

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti nhamba vanhasi dzinoratidza kuti dzakasiyana munyika Tsentrabankah, kusanganisira IMF kuti reserves, "nhema" pamusoro 32 chiuru matani "vanokudzwa" simbi. Chinotova vokuparidzira ari muchimiro mari uye zvishongo.

Panyaya iyi, vakawanda vomunyika yedu vanofarira mubvunzo sei zvikuru Russian goridhe.

Chinoshamisawo chokwadi kuti mavambo XXI remakore vhoriyamu nendarama anogadzirwa munyika anenge 150 400 matani "kupenyerera" simbi.

A gumi gare gare, pamusoro apa nhamba yakwira ne zviuru 15 matani.

About 20% yose "nyika" dura rwezvemabhengi zvikoro vabatisise sezvo zvinhu kuchengeterwa uye Kudzikamiswa mari.

Stock mamiriro ane anenge 1750 matani "chinopenya" ari simbi anokosha, iyo akaronga kureva inivhesitimendi makambani.

Chokwadi, vagari vomunyika iyi yakakura mune zvemupiro kusagadzikana National mari achava kufarira kuziva kuti vakawanda Russian goridhe.

US nezvetsika bhuku reserves goridhe

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti 30-ies wekupedzisira remakore, nyika dzakawanda, kutya German kurwisa, United States mumaoko reserves yavo nendarama kuti achengeteke. Nanhasi, vari panguva Federal Reserve Bank New York.

Pari hurumende US kunyatsoongorora monitors zvose akavhiyiwa kuti IMF pane zvemari, izvo zvisingagoni kurasa ndarama pasina mvumo yacho Paramende.

Kusvikira munguva pfupi ichangopfuura, izvi zvose akaronga. Zvisinei, muna 2011, Venezuela akatanga zviyero zvainanga zvishomanana kudzoka anokudzwa simbi iri kunze kwenyika, izvo matani anenge 160 munokosha $ 11 bhiriyoni.

Mamiriro munyika yedu

Asi shure kune mubvunzo: "vangani Russian goridhe" Shure zvishoma nhoroondo digression.

Russia pamberi chimurenga

Russian goridhe kuchengeterwa pakutanga pakati XX remakore yakanga zvinopfuura chaizvo. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti vazhinji vachida kuzopamba, "akapambadza" uye kutengesa midziyo ndarama pavane munyika kuti yenhoroondo. Pasinei neizvi, muna 1913 aionekwa makuru munyika. "Goridhe Vangani Russian raiva?" - zvamunokumbira. Paiva 600 matani zvesimbi anokosha, waiva yakaenzana anenge 1 bhiriyoni 700 miriyoni rubles (pa yanhasi Gengi - $ 60 billion)

Soviet Russia

Pashure ivo October Revolution, chinokosha chikamu "ndarama Russian" akazviratidza munyika dzokuMadokero European. Ramba munharaunda yacho USSR pfuma vakapamba zvose matsvuku.

Hondo Yenyika I yakapera, hurumende yeSoviet akavimbisa kuratidza hurongwa 250 matani yendarama Germany muna muripo.

Mune 20s remakore rapfuura, Soviet Union vapera machinda nematani 200 endarama kuti kutenga "zvinodhura" British uye Swiss locomotives. Pakupedzisira, apo hurumende yeSoviet "akapambadza" 500 matani inokosha simbi.

Pakazosvika mangwanani 30-ies wekupedzisira remakore, muuto ndarama USSR haana kupfuudza matani 150.

Panguva collectivization zviremera vari kutanga kuita mugodhi goridhe. Somugumisiro, mukutanga 50-ies, nyika yedu yave rinobva panyika matani anopfuura 2051 zvendarama - mufananidzo uyu vakapfuura yegoridhe kuchengeterwa "youmambo" weRussia.

Makumi emakore akapfuura, "ndarama" mari yakaderera, uye pakati 80 atova rakakura anenge 700 matani.

pashure kuchinja

Mukutanga '90s, nguva "vakawanda ikatengesa-kure" nehurumende, zvichiguma kuchengeterwa ndarama nyika varombo matani 480.

Muna 1992, mutemo "pamwero mukuru kutenga-kure," akaramba Boris Yeltsin, uye bhuku reserves goridhe yakaderera matani 290.

Pakutanga XXI remakore

Pakutanga kwemireniyumu itsva, kupfuura vakuru vakatanga kutarisa nzira dzokubudisa ndarama, saka kuti ayo kurimwa yave ichiwedzera.

Just gumi nyika yedu yave kukwanisa kushingirira Japan kuitika rorusere chepamusoro pakati rinoti pamwe deposits kupfuura "vanokudzwa simbi". Unoda kuziva vangani matani egoridhe Russia imomo, vaiva 2010? About 800. Pakutanga 2011, musoro Central Bank akati kuti mari kuumbwa kuda kuwedzera nhamba inokosha simbi iri reserves goridhe, rimwe gore kuwana matani anopfuura 100 vara.

Havasi vose vane ruzivo pamusoro zvakadini reserves nendarama Russia, akakwanisa kuponesa 2011. Ndakakwanisa kusvika mucherechedzo matani 871,1. Vatungamiriri munzvimbo idzi nhasi vari kunyika dzakadai China, India, Germany. Kugadzirwa kuchera goridhe akawedzera Kazakhstan uye Belarus.

nhasi

Chokwadika, vanhu vakawanda vari anonyanya kufarira mubvunzo kuti goridhe zvino muRussia. Zvinofanira kusimbiswa kuti mumakore mashanu adarika nyika yedu yakawedzera bhuku reserves goridhe kanenge hafu.

Asi, zvakadini nendarama iri mined muRussia zvino? Kana tinofunga muna 2014, matani 272 endarama akanga mined ayo kumwedzi. Sezvo tsika inoratidza mumakore achangopfuura, avhareji mwedzi 12 munyika yedu rinobudiswa kubva 200 kusvika 300 matani inokosha simbi. Ndizvo migodhi yendarama vangani Russia pagore. Bvumiranai, izvi kakawanda. Kana isu kutaura nhasi, nyika yedu ine vanenge 1200 matani goridhe.

Unobereka pfuma nyika yedu

Strategic kumatunhu kurimwa munyika yedu, yomuchinda simbi vari: Republic of Bashkortostan, Magadan uye Irkutsk Regions, ari Territory Krasnoyarsk, ari Territory Khabarovsk. Huru Makambani munharaunda iyi inogona kunzi ine "Northern Urals Gold", SAM uye CJSC "Magadan Silver", JSC "Seligdar", LLC "Neryungri Metallic", JSC "Mine Aprelkovo".

Apo fuma inochengetwa

About 70% ndarama pavane Russia iri kusimbiswa muguta guru, dzinova kwakavakirwa of Central Bank of Russia chitoro. Huru pfuma anochengeterwa Gráfica, izvo rakatsaurirwa muna 6100 ducts. Weight neezvitendero vara Avharenji kubva 10 kusvika 14 makirogiramu. Misa ndeiya yakaita vara zvichisiyana 100 kusvika 1000 magiramu.

Pari nehwemweya ndarama nyika chinhu chinokosha pamusoro Kudzikamiswa Fund, izvo zvichaita nechokwadi kudzivirira vokuRussia chiitiko zvoupfumi ukapisa murwi.

Imwe nzira kana mumwe, asi nhasi mugari wose nyika yedu anogona kusika goridhe pachako reserves dzenyu, rotanga simbi mubhangi kana kutenga Gráfica mubhangi "chinopenya" zvicherwa.