"Rupawo," Sholokhov: chigadzirwa ongororo

Panguva World First War, Revolution, uye kunyanya hondo yaiva bvunzo vose vagere Russia. Acutely akanzwa zvakazokonzerwa Cossacks enyika zviitiko. Freedom-rudo hunhu vanhu vasingagoni kusvika mashoko nepfungwa yokuti zvakanaka hwakagadzwa kwemazana emakore, upenyu hwakanaka collapses. Asi kutombonaka haana kunyange. Yakaitika pakati vanhu vakaparadzira yakateurirwa pakatarisana kumativi vaimbova vavakidzani, shamwari uye nhengo imwe mhuri.

Zvizhinji pfungwa unobhadharwa kuti mufananidzo zvinotyisa ehondo yevagari vemo uye kuongorora kunokanganisa ayo kwevanhu mabasa munyori Mikhail Sholokhov. Zvinobikwa "rupawo," rakanyorwa muna 1924 uye kwakaratidza kutanga kutenderera "The Don Stories", aiva wokutanga basa rake, iro rave wakaratidzwa chokwadi ichocho chakaipisisa nguva. Uye paakaita yokufungidzira "uye Akanyarara Kunoyerera kuti Don", apo munyori muchidimbu nyaya mai yose kuti, munyori akanga paakavapa Nobel Prize.

Mupepa mufananidzo Cossacks Sholokhov

"The Don Stories" akava chiitiko chinokosha mabhuku maviri. Havana kutarisa kufanana hwakasikwa munguva simba Soviet proletarian vanyori. Enhaka Cossack uye connoisseur guru upenyu pamusoro Don, Sholokhov akakwanisa recreate madiki mabasa yakasiyana nedzimwe ruvara uye mararamiro vomunzvimbo yepakutanga. Akaripira ngwariro chaiyo tsika zvitendero neururami, pakutanga kwakavakirwa mutsa uye Humanism, asi akayambuka chavo chokuuraya hama hondo.

Nhamba nyaya yakanga zvakawanda. Vazhinji vavhiringika naturalism uye nzira mifananidzo hondo, asi kuti ndizvo akabvumira munyori kuti kuratidza kukura kwakaita njodzi wechokwadi. Runotungamirirwa nenheyo dzemitemo izvi kana kunyora nyaya "rupawo" Sholokhov.

Pfupiso chigadzirwa: kujairirana Nikolka

Zvarongwa nyaya iri nyore uye ichavakwamo kurongwa, pamwe zvishomanana zvarakasiya (retrospectives) kare. Mutambi mukuru - Nikolay Koshevoy, wechiduku dzechikwata wehondo Red Army. Nikolka'm eighteen Man akanzwawo Cossacks, uyo airemekedzwa iye ushingi hwake uye ushingi. Pasinei vayo zera, akatoratidza akatungamirira dzechikwata kwemwedzi mitanhatu uye nguva nenguva ino kuputsa zvikwata zviviri. Iri raiva guru chakanakira baba vake, munhu akakurumbira Cossack, "akaurayiwa" imwe hondo German. Ndiye akaisa mwanakomana wake ushingi, kutsungirira, rudo namabhiza sezvo mangwanani makore mashanu kana matanhatu sezvo, akadzidzisa mwanakomana wake kugara Chigaro. Uye nhaka kubva baba Nikolka (uye ichi hwuchavapano uchiwedzera kuongorora chigadzirwa Solochov) nhuta negumbo rweruboshwe, pakukura hangaiwa zai.

The kuomesa pebindu inova wavarwi akauya tsamba nemashoko akanaka pamusoro pakuonekwa woruwa chena. Kudiwa kuti vaite zvakare kunokonzera mutungamiri chinosuruvarisa kufunga pamusoro sei aneta upenyu hwake nemauto: "Dzidza kuti ... uye ipapo zvematsotsi."

jinda voumhare

On kuenzanisa maviri vatambi simba anovaka nyaya "The rupawo" Sholokhov. Kuongororwa womukati mamiriro ane Cossack akwegura, makore 7 okuberekwa akanga asina imba yababa vake, akaona - inotevera chikamu basa. Aiva musungwa German, akashanda Wrangel, akashanyira Constantinople, uye zvino yadzoka kunyika iri musoro muchikwata. Ataman mweya coarsened mumakore, anonzwa sokuti inorodza chinhu mukati, ndizvo haunted.

Mazuva matatu zvakapinda nechikwata kukupfura Nikolka, ipapo riri panguva Miller, sezvinotaurwa wokupedzisira Red Army. Zvino kumhanyira majaya kushinga Cossack Ataman. hasha dzake achiri yakafukidzwa pedyo beardless chiso uye chido kuzadzisa chinangwa - kunyange bara hazvina kumutadzisa - akaita shungu pakati jinda. Uyezve mabhainokura pachipfuva chake zvakajeka kutaura chinzvimbo Murwi. I nendege ataman kwazviri, uye vaduku ronda checkered simba muviri. Experience rakakunda vaduku hwokurwa. Zvadaro, aine stocking akakoromora yekare Cossack mhuru majombo pamwe netsoka, uye pasi payo (kusimba chokwadi uye mupfungwa inoratidza zvakasimba yechiitiko ichi Sholokhov) - nhuta. Analysis chaiwo acuteness nyaya rinosvika nayo pamupikicha ichi, rwakazokura mugumo nhoroondo yose.

The protagonists hondo sezvo antipodes

Panguva iyoyo ndakadzidza zvakawanda jinda akanga aona mwanakomana wake, kutambura uye kurwadziwa akazadza mweya wake: "! Nikolushka krovinushku .. zvangu ..". Zvakaitika reropa hondo vakapararira kumativi akasiyana zvizvarwa vanhu, nokuvaita vavengi zvinovava. Baba akakundikana kukanganwira pachake yokuuraya mwanakomana wake - gritted mazino ake "simbi Mauser" uye kudzingwa basa. Saka zvinosuruvarisa ndapedza nyaya "rupawo" Sholokhov.

Analysis uye rondedzero maitiro evanhu anoratidza sei inosemesa hondo zvakasikwa, kunyanya Nikolka. With makore gumi aifanira kurwa, uye nenguva namasere akanga atova akatarisa vaneta murume: aine pajira riya pamusoro wrinkles akapoteredza meso, hunched shure. kurota kwake ndiko kuwana dzidzo uye havana kuuya zvechokwadi. The chete gwapa akaenda Nikolka ndangariro upenyu norugare norunyararo, apo akanga achiri mai mupenyu uye baba havana kuverengwa iri asipo. Izvi nostalgic Mifananidzo anojekesa sei vakanyangadza aiva roga nezvokukosha kamwe zvakare kuenda kuhondo. Sezvo pakutanga nyaya "The rupawo" Sholokhov (pfupiso nepfungwa gamba vanotarisa kunonyatsopupurira) rinojekesa kuti muverengi kuti hondo - ichi chinhu tyisa, nomutorwa hwevanhu. Anoda kudzokera upenyu rehurumende, uye sezvo vasati kurima nyika jinda yekare, munhu wose ari kuedza kuvhara nokushuva arege kumurega kusvetukira.

Artistic mashoko ari chigadzirwa

Kujairika kutaura kutaura mashoko chinokwezva chigadzirwa "rupawo". Sholokhov - matambudziko chokuita nyaya iyi zvakananga - zvinowedzera kunzwa njodzi kuburikidza kutendeuka kuti rakajeka zvavo mifananidzo. Saka kaviri rondedzero akataura Bere jinda. Chokutanga, hazvina yakajeka, yokufananidzira tichienzanisa Cossack "nabedivshimsya" mutungamiriri zvekare rongedza, iri kukurumidza kuenda mberi. Ataura shoko kunobatsira kunzwisisa zviri nani zviri kunetsa chimiro. Zvadaro, isati kurwa zvinouraya, mhumhi pamberi vanhu zvinobuda danda, anoteerera uye zvishoma nezvishoma odzokera. Netsika, mhumhi inofananidzirwa vanhu nzara, shungu, mhuka kazhinji roga chinokonzera zvakawanda tsitsi pane kutya. Saka rinowanikwa nyaya nejinda yekare.

Chimwe chikara anopinda nyaya "rupawo" Sholokhov. Analysis wekupedzisira chiitiko pamwe negora, uyo ari manheru mumwechete zuva umhondi, nhunzi musoro nejinda uye urwa mudenga zvinoratidza akaneta, akatambudzwa mweya Cossack, tichisiya muviri uye wakakwirira skyward.

Mashoko aya kubatsira munyori ari capacious muchimiro anoratidza sei zvikuru kutambura kwevanhu, wakabvarura kubva rugare nokubuda upenyu uye kumanikidzwa kwemakore anopfuura 7 kuti riitwe chii mweya hahuwanikwi.

Chiitiko upenyu munyori

Sholokhov kutendeseka uye naturalism netsananguro zviitiko Civil War nokuti kuti, muna ya1918-19, akava ainyanya nokushorwa chena uye tsvuku Yelanskaya munharaunda guru. Munyori vave vachiona sakodzera utsinye uye mhirizhonga sezvo mumwe kana mhiri, uye kamwe iye kunyange akanga akabatwa Nestor Makhno, asi pashure paakabvunza akasunungurwa. Kubva 1920, Sholokhov pachake "vakashumira uye famba kuburikidza Don nyika." Maererano kureurura wake, ivo kuna zvikwata kutevera mumwe.

The Zvakawanikwa, iyo inotungamira muverengi Sholokhov

"Chidembo" - zviri yose nyaya havagoni kusiya munhu hanya - zvechokwadi inoita vanofunga kuti muna akaoma mamiriro ezvinhu chakaparadzwa uye rwechisikirwo ruvengo akasuruvara vanhu vanokanganwa pamusoro Humanism uye tsitsi. Munyori haitauri ichi, uye mune dzimwe nyaya, zvakanaka kana zvakaipa, nokuti havangagoni kuva mumamiriro ezvinhu aya. Yehondo rava zvakasikwa nhamo, izvo zvinofanira kusingazokanganikwi - kwainoda vaswedere pfungwa muverengi Sholokhov. Rupawo (Kuongorora nyaya kunotungamirira mhedziso iyi) anova chiratidzo hwakasimba ropa ukama: kubva Nikolka ndizvo zvakafanana baba vake. Naizvozvo, zvinopesana vatambi (baba vakauya mwanakomana vakakodzera) hamuna vakundi, zvakanga pakutanga zvinopesana hwevanhu.

Kukosha "Don nyaya" pamusoro Sholokhov

The Civil War aiva njodzi chaiyo, somugumisiro yakanga yaparadzwa zvachose tsika dzemunharaunda uye vakaparadza huripo kukurukurirana pakati vanhu. Izvi kunosimbisa nyaya "rupawo" Sholokhov. Kuongororwa zviito uye manzwiro evanhu ndiyo zvinosimbisa pfungwa iyi. The chidimbu chokutanga anoisa mataurire yose kutenderera, uye maziso muverengi rimwe pashure perimwe mifananidzo zvinotyisa pamberi kuuya mupenyu, achiudza pamusoro dzinozviitikira nhamo dzevanhu. Uye ndinoda kufadza vose vagere panyika, "Vanhu, uyai zvenyu vapengenuke! Kana mukoma anouraya munin'ina wake uye baba - mwanakomana, kana zvose vangangonyudzwa segungwa ropa, chinhu kurarama '?