Ropa nemapoka ropa: mitemo. vaipa Universal. Table Mapoka ropa kugarisana

In mushonga ano nayo achiri anowanzoshandiswa nzira ropa. Ropa mapoka ropa - ndiwo muitiro womunhu Implementation wayo kubva utano anyatsoronga kuti kushivirira havachanyatsogoni utano muna (wacho). Kunoda Implementation nedzimwe mitemo, uye harisi pasina matambudziko. Saka, mudzimu rinoitwa panguva kunonyanyisa wevasungwa kuonekwa pamusoro chikamu navanachiremba.

Chii chinodiwa pakutanga?

Pamberi nzira, chiremba achaita kuitisa kuongorora ropa uye anodiwa tsvakurudzo. Anenge apa wacho anoderedzerwa kana mugamuchiri, unofanira kuva pasipoti, nokuti zvakakodzera kufunga mashoko ose. Kana utano nyanzvi vachaitwa pakuongorora murwere kana nomupi izvozvo anoyera BP uye kuziva zvichibvira contraindications.

mitemo ropa

ropa hwemapoka ropa riri kuitwa pasi dzimwe nheyo. Zvairatidza kuti zvitinakire inodiwa dose transfused Urume yakatarwa chiremba yakavakirwa kurapwa Data uye ongororo. Mitemo ropa mumapoka akasika kuchengetedzwa zvose anyatsoronga uye wacho. Mazvikokota unofanira, pasinei kare kugamuchira kuongorora, pachake, ita zvinotevera:

1. Figure boka ABO maitiro uye enzanisa mashoko anenge pamwe huripo.
2. Kuti azive hunhu masero matsvuku eropa, zvose anyatsoronga uye wacho.
3. Isa mharidzo iri hombe kugarisana.
4. Kuitisa BioAssay.

Muitiro yokuona mapoka ropa

The inokosha kuti asarudze yokuwedzera yomuzvarirwo mvura zvinhu uye kuvapo mairi kutapukirwa. Nokuti chinangwa ichi, ropa mharidzo chinobviswa ive kunopindirana pachisara zviparadzanise kunoguma nhamba muzvikamu zviviri uye akatumira pakudzidza. Murabhoritari, cheki kuvapo chirwere, uwandu Chizenga, uye vamwe vokutanga. Yechipiri inoshandiswa kuona ropa mhando uye kusapindirana kweropa chinokonzera izvozvo.

boka ropa

ropa hwemapoka anodiwa murwere mumuviri neropa chakaitika erythrocyte agglutination nokuda zvakaitwa agglutination pamusoro kubvuma bvunzo mharidzo. womunhu boka ropa muviri ABO maitiro classifications akakamurwa 4 mhando huru. By ABO kupatsanura kuparadzana kunoitika nokuda pamberi dzakananga maantigen - A uye B. Mumwe wavo yakasungirwa chairo agglutinin: A akasungwa kuti α uye B β azvaitwa. Zvichienderana pamwe yenhengo izvi uye boka kuumbwa ropa rose anozivikanwa. Tikafunga zvakafanana zvinoriumba hazvibviri, zvikasadaro muviri uchava erythrocyte agglutination, uye iye anongoti haagoni kuramba kuvapo. In chimiro ichi anogona chete anofambidzana zvina:

• Group 1: maantigen hatisi, pane vaviri agglutinin α uye β.
• Group 2: Antigen A agglutinin uye β.
• Group 3: The antigen uye agglutinin α.
• Group 4: agglutinins zvisipo, pane maantigen A uye B.

kugarisana mapoka

Blood kugarisana mapoka vozoriwedzerwa richiita basa rinokosha mukushanda. In okurapa akaita ropa chete kufanana inowirirana mumwe mhuka. Vanhu vazhinji vanoshamisika pamusoro kuti boka ropa omutsa yezvisikwa vaipa, asi regai kunzwisisa. Asi pane yakakodzera zvinoriumba. Chii ropa mhando riri yezvisikwa - mubvunzo kuti une mhinduro iri nyore. Vanhu neboka ropa rokutanga nokuda kusavapo maantigen vari yezvisikwa vaipa, uye vaya vane wechina, vanoonekwa nokudenga kuagamuchira. boka Blood kugarisana tafura anoshanda kunzwisisa ropa kwacho.

Pasinei chokwadi kuti munyika yanhasi pane nzira dzakawanda kurapa zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana, kudzivisa yokuwedzera muitiro ichiri zvisingaiti. Table kugarisana hwemapoka ropa kunobatsira nyanzvi utano aite oparesheni zvakarurama, chinowedzera ndichengetedze upenyu uye utano murwere. Akakodzera Ipfungwa kwaizova kushandiswa kuisirwa nguva dzose kufanana uye uye kusapindirana kweropa ropa boka. Asi pane nguva apo Kuwedzerwa Zvinokosha kuita munguva pfupi zvichibvira nguva, chiuyai kubatsira yezvisikwa vaipa uye kuagamuchira.

kusapindirana kweropa chikonzero

Kana kwesainzi muna 1940. The antigen akawanikwa neropa macaques, iyo gare gare vakagamuchira zita kusapindirana kweropa chinhu. Iye nhaka uye kunobva nhangemutange. vanhu ivavo vari ropa iro rine antigen vari kusapindirana kweropa-akanaka, uye pasina kusawirirana kweropa raamai negative.

Kugarisana Kuwedzerwa:

• Kusapindirana kweropa kunaka nokuti ropa kuti vanhu vane kusapindirana kweropa asina;
• Kusapindirana kweropa yakanaka ropa inowirirana chero tsoko.

Kana ukashandisa kusapindirana kweropa zvakanaka ropa varwere muchikwata kusapindirana kweropa negative, zvino ropa rake kukudziridza chaizvo Anti-Rhesus agglutinins, apo mumwe kumonyanisa kuchaita Bonding masero matsvuku eropa. Saizvozvowo, Kuwedzerwa haagoni kuitwa.

Chero Kuwedzerwa - kunetseka kuti muviri womunhu. Whole ropa Kutamiswa chete kana kurasikirwa zvipenyu mvura inosvika 25% uye yakakwirira. With kurasikirwa bhuku duku ropa Sevamiririri anoshandiswa. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, zviri kuwedzerwa mamwe zvinoriumba kuratidzwa Somuenzaniso, sero tsvuku chete, zvichienderana norudzi lesion.

Nzira yokuenzanisira

Kuti aite yasarudzwa crossmatch Sera mugamuchiri hwakakanyiwa mharidzo kubva anyatsoronga kusvika Pepa chena bepa, tilting nayo kwakasiyana-siyana. maminitsi mashanu gare gare, enzanisa migumisiro, kana adhesion masero matsvuku eropa harina nomupi uye kugamuchira zviri enderana.

Zvadaro tarisa kugarisana dzokuenzanisira ropa kuti kusapindirana kweropa mune imwe nzira mbiri.

1. In yakachena chubhu akapomerwa anatswa kushandisa sesaline erythrocytes anyatsoronga uremu rakasanganiswa noushamwari gelatin mhinduro uye vaviri samadonhwe mugashiri serum. Uise musanganiswa pamusoro kugeza mvura kwemaminitsi 10. Shure kwenguva ino zvakanzi rakasanganiswa yesaline mu uwandu 7 Rine mamiririta uye Nyatsosanganisai. Kana adhesion masero matsvuku eropa haisi pamutemo, nomupi uye kugamuchira zviri enderana.
2. The centrifuge chubhu akadonhedza 2 madonhwe mugamuchiri serum uye 1 donhwe 1 donhwe poliglyukina anyatsoronga ropa. The chubhu akaiswa rimwe centrifuge kwemaminitsi 5. Zvadaro, musanganiswa akanga rakasanganiswa 5 Rine mamiririta sesaline, akaisa chubhu pa necheparutivi pamusoro 90 ° uye ongorora kugarisana. Pasina adhesion uye ruvara shanduko inoenderana anyatsoronga uye wacho.

BioAssay

Kubvisa njodzi yematambudziko vari vachiongorora BioAssay. Nokuti ichi, shoma ropa mugamuchiri, uye maminitsi matatu vachiona utano hwake. Pasina kunaka mananara: kuwedzera kwemwoyo, kufema kukundikana, kumonyanisa wakadzokororwa kaviri kunyatsofunga kuongorora varwere. Kuisira anogona kuitwa chete kana akashaikwa chero kunaka kuratidzwa, zvimwe kuvhiyiwa hakuna akaita.

Nzira yacho

Mushure ose anodiwa manipulations kuona kugarisana mapoka ropa uye kutanga kuita Kuwedzerwa pachayo. Raitongwa ropa hamufaniri kuva chando, nzvimbo tembiricha, vakabvumira chete. Kana oparesheni ndokwokukurumidzira, zvino ropa kudziyirwa ari kugeza nemvura. Process donhwe Kuwedzerwa iri kuteererwa hurongwa, kana zvakananga kushandisa chete sirinji. The Sumo yevanhu 50 anosiya paavhareji 60 seconds. In weboka ropa vanachiremba maminitsi 15 ose akayera kupomba uye BP murwere. Pashure kuchinja murwere wakaratidzwa Rest uye zvokurapa rucherechedzo.

Kudiwa uye contraindications

kuwedzerwa ropa, vazhinji chokuita nyore donhwe zvinodhaka kutarisira. Asi ichi ndicho muitiro wakaoma kunzwisisa umo mutorwa masero mapenyu kupinda muviri murwere. Uye kunyange nezvinhu zvakakwana vachiwirirana kugarisana pane mukana kuti ropa havagoni kugadzirisa pasi. Ndicho chikonzero VanaChiremba zvikuru kuziva zvaunofanira kuita pasina muitiro wakadaro. Nyanzvi yakatarwa oparesheni anofanira zvakasimba kuti dzimwe nzira dzisina inobudirira. Kana paine mubvunzo kuti kuwedzerwa kwaizobatsira, zviri nani kwete kupedza.

zvakaipira kusapindirana

Kana kugarisana pamwechete kuwedzerwa ropa uye ropa zvigadzirwa haana wakakwana, mugamuchiri anenge anogona kuva nemigumisiro ine muitiro wakadaro.

Kutyorwa kuvhiyiwa akadaro angava akasiyana, izvo chokuita zvinetso zvomukati kana hurongwa.

Pane kakawanda kukundikana ari chiropa uye itsvo muviri ari kwakakanganiswa, mabasa uye nokushanda hematopoiesis. Kuchinja zvingaitikawo ari kufema mapazi uye tsinga. Treatment chero mhando yematambudziko zvinofanira kuitwa sezvo mangwanani sezvo zvichiita pasi yachiremba cherechedzo.

Kana kusapindirana kunoitika munguva bioassays, vanhu kunzwa kunaka kuratidzwa, asi kune imwe zvikuru muduku papi. The mugamuchiri kungaratidza fivha, marwadzo zviratidzo zviri mubhokisi uye lumbar nomuzongoza. Pulse zvichaparadzwa speeded kumusoro, kufunganya achaonekwa. Pamusoro kuonekwa zviratidzo izvi hazvigoni kuita kuisira. Pari kusapindirana mune ropa uye ropa kushanda zvikasaitika.